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French |
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FREN 453 - Internship Abroad
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Instructor consent prior to travel abroad. Supervised experience in a French-speaking country in an agency, research organization, or other venue, to be followed by related academic work on campus the subsequent term. Requires at least 144 work hours over no fewer than four weeks and a research paper or an academic equivalent focused on the off-campus activities. Credit is based on the academic component of the internship experience. Both the work component and the academic component shall be in French. May be carried out during the summer. McCormick.
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FREN 493 - Honors Thesis
Credits: 3-3
Prerequisite: Senior standing, honors candidacy, and instructor consent. Interested students should see a member of the French faculty by winter term of their junior year. May not count towards fulfillment of the major requirements.
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Geology |
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GEOL 100 - General Geology with Field Emphasis
FDR: SL
Credits: 4
Preference given to first-years and sophomores. GEOL 100A: First-Year seminar, open to FY students only. The study of our physical environment and the processes shaping it. The materials and structure of the Earth’s crust, the origin of the landforms, the concept of geologic time, and the nature of the Earth’s interior are considered, with special emphasis on field study in the region near Lexington. No credit for students who have completed GEOL 101. Laboratory course. Lab fee required. Staff.
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GEOL 101 - General Geology
FDR: SL
Credits: 4
Preference given to first-years and sophomores. The study of our physical environment and the processes shaping it. The materials and structure of the Earth’s crust, the origin of the landforms, the concept of geologic time, and the nature of the Earth’s interior are considered. No credit for students who have completed GEOL 100. Laboratory course. Lab fee required. Staff.
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GEOL 104 - Planetary Geology
FDR: SC
Credits: 3
Large-scale geological features of the Earth are examined and compared with surface features visible on images of other planets and planetary satellites of the solar system. Features examined include those resulting from volcanism, impact cratering, and structure; eolian, fluvial, glacial and periglacial processes; and mass movement. The composition of terrestrial and lunar rocks and extraterrestrial objects is examined. Models of the origin and evolution of planets and their satellites are discussed. Staff.
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GEOL 105 - Earth Lab
FDR: SL
Credits: 4
Additional course fee required, for which the student is responsible after Friday of the 7th week of winter term. Preference given to first-years and sophomores. The emphasis and location of the study area differs from year to year. Most course activity involves outside field work with a series of multi-day to multi-week field trips. The primary goal of this course is an in-depth introduction to a particular region or field of geological study for introductory level science students. Information about the course is made available prior to the end of the fall term. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different but only four credits may be used toward major requirements. Lab fee required.
Spring 2018, GEOL 105-01: FS: Earth Lab: Sand (4). First-Year seminar. A Jockey John Robinson Seminar. Prerequisite: First-Year standing. Sand is everywhere. It is between our toes at the beach, sweeping beneath us in rivers, and blown against us in stinging desert storms. And yet, this ubiquitous, ordinary substance tells incredible stories of plate tectonic upheavals, vast seas covering now-dry continents, and journeys through rivers, into inland deserts, and along ocean shores. This field-based seminar explores the origin and nature of sand, its journeys, and how geologists use observations in modern environments along with detailed microscopic and field descriptions of rocks to define the conditions of landscapes long past. Participation requires camping on eastern barrier islands, travel to the Colorado Plateau of Utah, and a healthy imagination. Most expenses are covered by the Jockey John Robinson Fund. (SL) Harbor.
Spring 2018, GEOL 105-02: Earth Lab: Is the Earth Worth Saving (4). Can we ‘save the earth’? What does that really mean? This course explores both the humbling existence of humans in deep time (4.6 billion years), and the potentially profound impacts of humans on the earth environment. Students consider whether it is the earth or only ourselves that we wish to ‘save’. We study how rocks reveal a deep and rich history of changing climate and environment with time, and then compare this record with what we know about human-influenced climate and environmental change in the last few hundred years. We reflect on what, if anything, we should do with this information. We evaluate the effectiveness of efforts to ‘protect’ the environment, specifically with regards to marine-protected areas. Extensive field exploration of the geology of Rockbridge County and a week-long trip to Belize, to visit protected and unprotected coral reefs. (SL) Greer.
Spring 2018, GEOL 105-03: Earth Lab: The Geology of Virginia (4). No prerequisites. Suitable for all students. From the billion-year-old rocks of the Blue Ridge to the sediments actively accumulating at the modern shore, the geology of Virginia preserves a rich and fascinating record of Earth history. Students explore the geology of Virginia, with emphasis on the physical processes responsible for rock formation and landscape evolution. Topics include: plate tectonics and mountain building, volcanism, metamorphism, erosion, sedimentation, and coastal processes. The course takes full advantage of our local setting and features many field trips, including at least one overnight trip to the coastal plain. (SL) Rahl.
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GEOL 141 - Global Climate Change
FDR: SC
Credits: 3
A study of Earth’s complex climate system and the impact of human activities on future climates. Through readings, discussions, data analyses and modeling exercises, the past and future changes in temperature, ocean circulation, rainfall, storminess, biogeochemistry, glacial ice extent and sea level are explored. Greer.
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GEOL 144 - History of Geology
FDR: SC
Credits: 3
A history of geology, from the 17th century to today. Topics include: nature of geologic time (cyclical versus linear) and duration of geologic events (uniformitarianism versus catastrophism), development of the geologic time scale, debates about the age of the Earth, continental drift and its rejection by the scientific community, and the formulation and acceptance of plate tectonics. Developments in geology are discussed in the context of various philosophies of science, including ideas promoted by Bacon, Gilbert, Chamberlin, Popper, Kuhn, and others. Rahl.
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GEOL 150 - Water Resources
FDR: SC
Credits: 3
An examination of the quality and quantity of water resources as a limiting factor for life on earth. Issues include resource depletion, pollution, historical use and over-use, remediation, habitat maintenance, and water supply mechanisms. Resource constraints are analyzed from a scientific perspective in order to understand water resource problems and envision solutions. Harbor.
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GEOL 155 - Oceanography
FDR: SC
Credits: 3
Introduction to physical oceanography and marine geology; tides, waves, currents, and the interaction of oceans and atmosphere; submarine landscapes; and sedimentary, volcanic, and tectonic activity in the ocean basins. Greer.
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GEOL 195 - Selected Topics
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: The winter topic is open to geology majors only or by instructor consent. Selected topical coverage of various timely or general interest subject areas in geology. The topic selected varies from year to year and is announced in advance of the registration period. Topics have included impact and extinction of the dinosaurs; volcanoes and tectonics; geologic consideration in land-use planning; and the geology of national parks. May be repeated for a maximum of four credits if the topic is different.
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GEOL 197 - Selected Topics
FDR: SC
Credits: 3
Selected topical coverage of various timely or general interest subject areas in geology. The topic selected varies from year to year and is announced in advance of the registration period. Topics have included impact and extinction of the dinosaurs; volcanoes and tectonics; geologic consideration in land-use planning; and the geology of national parks. May be repeated for a maximum of four credits if the topic is different.
Winter 2018, GEOL 197-01: Special Topic: Are We Alone? (3). Despite estimates that there are billions of stars in the Universe (likely trillions of billions), Earth remains the only planetary body that we know has life (so far). This apparent paradox led the physicist Enrico Fermi to wonder: “where is everybody?” In this course, we explore modern thinking about the potential for extraterrestrial life, with particular focus on the concept of planetary habitability. What are the essential ingredients for the evolution of life like we know it? Our investigation focuses on relevant aspects of the planet we know best, Earth, including its formation, composition, climate, and tectonics. We also discuss the origin, history, and potential future of life on our planet. (SC) Rahl.
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GEOL 198 - Selected Topics
FDR: SL
Credits: 3
A laboratory course with a topical focus on a subject of timely or general interest in geology. The emphasis may differ year-to-year and is announced In advance of the registration period. The primary goal of this course is an in-depth introduction to a topic in geology for both science and non-science majors. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different but only four credits may be used toward major requirements.
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GEOL 205 - History and Evolution of the Earth
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. An introductory examination of the origin and physical evolution of the Earth as inferred from the rock record. Areas of particular emphasis include: (1) the origin of the solar system and differentiation of the planets; (2) the evolution of the terrestrial atmosphere and hydrosphere; (3) explanations for the development of life; (4) organic evolution and interpretations of “mass extinctions;” (5) the changing configuration of continental blocks and ocean basins by continental drift, seafloor spreading, and plate tectonics; and (6) the growth of continental blocks and their mountain systems. Staff.
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GEOL 209 - Laboratory Study of the Fossil Record
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. Examination of the fossilized remains of representative species of major groups of organisms. Emphasis is given to those organisms which, due to uneven distribution in the record, are particularly useful in interpreting the age and setting of ancient rocks. Staff.
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GEOL 211 - Earth Materials I: Rocks and Minerals
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. A laboratory course introducing Earth materials, including minerals and rocks, with an emphasis on a hands-on approach to identifying and interpreting minerals and their associations in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Students learn the techniques and principles of hand sample identification, optical mineralogy and petrography, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Staff.
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GEOL 230 - Field Methods in the Appalachians
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: GEOL 100 or 101; and for geology majors only. An introduction to the study of geology in the field with special attention to the methods used by geologists to make, record, and interpret field observations. The course includes study of and field trips in the central Appalachian region. Connors.
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GEOL 231 - Environmental Field Methods
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: Instructor consent and either GEOL 100, 101 or 105. An introduction to the study of standard methods, equipment and tools used in environmental field investigations. Special attention is given to methods used by geologists to measure, record, and report field observations associated with groundwater, surface water, soil and air. Focus is given to the validity of data obtained using various investigative strategies as well as data handling and presentation. The course has an intensive field component using the local watershed as a model environmental system. Staff.
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GEOL 240 - Hydrology
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. Systems and processes of water movement on and below the Earth’s surface. Encompasses the theoretical and applied aspects of soil moisture, runoff, flooding, groundwater movement, and water-well use. Numerical evaluation of flow properties from field and lab data describing water movement in soils, aquifers, and streams. Laboratory course. Staff.
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GEOL 247 - Geomorphology
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. Investigation of landforms from maps, aerial photographs, digital data, and the analysis of the surficial processes by which they are formed. Laboratory activities include identification and interpretation of topography, field measurements of landscape form and process, and a required weekend field trip. Laboratory course. Harbor.
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GEOL 250 - Structural Geology and Tectonics
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: MATH 101 and GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. Description and methods of analysis of large- and small-scale structural features of the Earth’s crust. Topics also include the analysis of geometry, strain and stress as they relate to deformation in the earth. Rock mechanics, application of structural geology in environmental engineering and resource exploration, geometric and computational techniques used in structural analysis, interpretation of geologic maps, and the structural development of mountain systems are also covered. Laboratory course. Rahl.
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GEOL 260 - GIS and Remote Sensing
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. For GEOL or ENV majors only, or by instructor consent. A laboratory course introducing the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing in geological/environmental analyses and decision making. Students use state-of-the-art software with a wide variety of spatial geologic, environmental, economic and topographic data derived from satellites; remote databases and published maps to evaluate geologic conditions; local landscape processes; environmental conditions; and hypothetical land-use cases. Harbor.
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GEOL 275 - Introductory Geophysics
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: GEOL 100, 101 or 105; PHYS 111 or 112. A review of the geophysical methods used to study the interior of the Earth, the magnetic field, isostasy, and earthquake seismology. Attention is given to the methods used in geophysics to collect and analyze data. A gravimeter, a magnetometer, seismic refraction and electrical resistivity equipment are used to collect field data. The data, corrections, and interpretations are incorporated into a technical report for each of the four surveys. Laboratory course. Connors.
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GEOL 311 - Earth Materials II: Geochemistry
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. A laboratory course emphasizing the principles and tools of the chemical composition of Earth materials to interpret petrogenesis. The course focuses on processes occurring below and at the Earth’s surface. Topics include: crystal chemistry, magmatic and metamorphic processes, trace element and isotope geochemistry, oxidation and reduction, and water-rock interactions. The laboratory includes both a local field and laboratory component and focuses on using analytical techniques to evaluate chemical composition including electron microscopy, ion chromatography, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Staff.
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GEOL 330 - Sedimentation and Stratigraphy
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. Properties, origins, and dynamics of sediments and sedimentary rocks. Correlation, organization, and historical interpretation of the sedimentary rock record. Field and laboratory analyses of sedimentary rocks. Laboratory course. Greer.
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GEOL 335 - Petroleum Geology and Geophysics
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: Open to geology majors only. A survey of the theory and practice of petroleum geology and geophysics. Topics covered include the nature and origin of petroleum, a study of where oil and gas accumulate from the perspective of basin analysis, and the basic principles of reflection seismology and petrophysics. The key petroleum system elements of source, charge, seal, reservoir and trap are studied within the context of how a geologist or geophysicist goes about exploring for and developing petroleum accumulations. Emphasis is placed on the Geology use of industry software and data to analyze geologic features, deposits, and basins that are relevant to petroleum exploration and production. Laboratory course. Connors.
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GEOL 360 - Tectonics and Thermochronology
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. An introduction to mountain belts and thermochronologic techniques used to quantify tectonic processes. Topics include: orogenic wedges, metamorphic core complexes, rifting, strike-slip systems, orogenic plateaus, the relationship between tectonics and climate, and the use of bedrock and detrital thermochronology to measure rates of faulting, erosion, and exhumation. Concepts are discussed in the context of natural examples, including the Appalachians, the European Alps, the Himalaya, the Andes, and the Basin and Range Province of the southwestern United States. Rahl.
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GEOL 373 - Regional Geology
Credits: 4
Prerequisites: Open to geology majors. Instructor consent and two geology courses numbered 200 or above. The emphasis and location of the study area differs from year to year. Most course activity involves outside fieldwork with a series of multi-day to multi-week field trips. Information about the course is available prior to the end of the fall term. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different but only four credits may be used toward major requirements.
Spring 2018, GEOL 373-01: Regional Geology of New Zealand (4). Prerequisites: Open to geology majors only. Instructor consent, two geology courses numbered 200 or above, and GEOL 395. A study of the regional geology of New Zealand. This remarkably geologically diverse land allows students to learn about coastal and neotectonic geomorphology, structural geology and tectonics, glacial geology, glaciology, volcanology, metamorphic petrology, and stratigraphy, through hands-on direct exposure to beautiful examples available at the surface in New Zealand. Connors.
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GEOL 395 - Seminar
Credits: 1
Prerequisites: Open to geology majors only or by instructor consent. Topics vary by term.
Winter 2018, GEOL 395-01: Seminar: Geology of New Zealand (1). Prerequisites: Open to geology majors only or by instructor consent. This seminar prepares students for the spring term course, GEOL 373: Regional Geology of New Zealand, through reading and discussing the geology of New Zealand. Connors.
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GEOL 397 - Seminar
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GEOL 100, 101 or 105. Open to GEOL majors only. The title, term of meeting, and credits for seminars will be announced to all geology majors. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.
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GEOL 401 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: GEOL 100, 101 or 105 and instructor consent. Advanced work and reading in topics selected by the instructor and meeting the special needs of advanced students. This course may be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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GEOL 402 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 2
Prerequisite: GEOL 100, 101 or 105 and instructor consent. Advanced work and reading in topics selected by the instructor and meeting the special needs of advanced students. This course may be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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GEOL 403 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GEOL 100, 101 or 105 and instructor consent. Advanced work and reading in topics selected by the instructor and meeting the special needs of advanced students. This course may be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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GEOL 472 - Senior Research Thesis
Credits: 2-2
Prerequisite: GEOL-100 GEOL-101 or GEOL-105 and instructor consent. Candidates for the Bachelor of Science degree in geology are urged to undertake research on a field or laboratory problem which can lead to the presentation of a senior thesis. Work on this project should be started in the spring term of the junior year. Interested students should consult members of the faculty who will help define the problem and provide guidance during research. Staff.
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GEOL 493 - Honors Thesis
Credits: 3-3
Prerequisite: GEOL-100 GEOL-101 or GEOL-105, honors candidacy and instructor consent. Honors Thesis. Staff.
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German |
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GERM 111 - Elementary German I
Credits: 4
A course in elementary German which emphasizes the spoken language, as well as grammar and reading. Staff.
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GERM 112 - Elementary German II
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: GERM 111 or the equivalent. A course in elementary German which emphasizes the spoken language, as well as grammar and reading. Staff.
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GERM 261 - Intermediate German I
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: GERM 112, 115 or the equivalent. Emphasis on listening comprehension and speaking, as well as reading and writing. The course also offers the student some acquaintance with German literature and culture. Staff.
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GERM 262 - Intermediate German II
FDR: FL
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: GERM 261 or the equivalent. Emphasis on listening comprehension and speaking, as well as reading and writing. The course also offers the student some acquaintance with German literature and culture. Staff.
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GERM 263 - Bavarian Spring Term: Intermediate German
FDR: FL
Credits: 6
Prerequisites: GERM 111 and 112 completed with a grade of B (3.0) or better at W&L and approval of the International Education Committee. A period of direct exposure to the language at the intermediate level, and to the culture and people of Germany. The program includes supervised academic projects, lectures by native authorities, and other cultural activities. Additional details of the program, including some of special interest to students not majoring in German, are available from the department. Three credits may count toward major requirements. Staff.
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GERM 264 - Layered Berlin
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: GERM 112 or equivalent. Spring Term Abroad course. This intensive language course offers students an extended period of direct exposure to the language, culture, and people of Germany. Students immerse themselves in the culturally rich environs of Berlin, improving their language skills through extensive and innovative language instruction and literary study. Students also gain greater understanding of German history and contemporary culture through lectures by native authorities and tours of museums and churches, and through their contact with their host families as well as native German university students. Youngman.
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GERM 301 - German Conversation
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GERM 262 or equivalent. An intensive course stressing development of active German skills through conversation and some writing on cultural and practical subjects. Staff.
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GERM 302 - Business German
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GERM 262 or equivalent. Acquisition of specific vocabulary necessary to transact business in Germany or with German speakers. Readings in manufacturing, marketing, banking and the organization of the European Union. Business letter and résumé writing. Taught in German. Crockett.
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GERM 303 - Bavarian Spring Term
Credits: 6
Prerequisites: GERM 262 and approval of the International Education Committee. A period of direct exposure to the language, culture, and people of Germany. The program includes supervised academic projects, lectures by native authorities, and other cultural activities. Additional details of the program, including some of special interest to students not majoring in German, are available from the department. Staff.
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GERM 304 - Layered Berlin
Credits: 4
Prerequisites: GERM 262 or equivalent. Not open to students who have completed GERM 264. Spring Term Abroad course. This intensive language course offers students an extended period of direct exposure to the language, culture, and people of Germany. Students immerse themselves in the culturally rich environs of Berlin, improving their language skills through extensive and innovative language instruction and literary study. Students also gain greater understanding of German history and contemporary culture through lectures by native authorities and tours of museums and churches, and through their contact with their host families as well as native German university students. Youngman.
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GERM 305 - Traces of Empire: Exploring the Cultural Centers of Austria and Hungary
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: GERM 262. A four-week advanced language and culture class based in Graz, Austria, with a particular focus on the multi-national, ·polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire and its impact on modern Austria’s multi-ethnic, multi-cultural identity. Language and culture classes take place in the University of Graz’s language center, Treffpunkt Sprachen. Afternoon discussion classes focus on Austrian culture, supported by readings from the texts, film screenings, and visits to important sites and events in Graz and its environs. During excursions to Vienna and Budapest, we compare the two rival imperial capitals of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, visit the opera houses and national art collections, and consider both the function of art in forging national - and imperial - identity, and the role of power in the construction of “taste.” Prager.
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GERM 311 - Advanced German
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GERM 262 or equivalent. Following a study of German phonology and the components of advanced German grammar, the course emphasizes spoken German, accompanied by written exercises. Youngman.
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GERM 312 - Advanced German
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GERM 311. A continuing course of advanced German with emphasis on the written language through composition and a study of stylistics. Advanced conversational material is drawn from topics relevant to contemporary life in the German-speaking world. Prager.
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GERM 313 - German Literature, 1800-1850
FDR: HL
Credits: 3 credits in Fall or Winter; 4 credits in Spring
Prerequisite: GERM 262 or equivalent. This course is an introduction to German literature through close reading, analysis, and discussion of key German texts written from the early- to mid-19th century. Students become familiar with the development, characteristics, and themes of German literature in this period as well as methods and terms of literary criticism and interpretation (in both English and German). Conducted in German. Prager.
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GERM 314 - German Literature, 1900-1945
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GERM 262 or equivalent. Readings in German fiction, essays, drama and poetry from the end of Naturalism through World War II. Mann, Kafka, Hesse, Rilke, Wedekind and Brecht are among the authors treated. Conducted in German. Crockett.
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GERM 315 - German Literature, 1850-1900
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GERM 262 or equivalent. Realism, Poetic Realism, and Naturalism. Grillparzer, Fontane, Keller, Storm, Meyer, and Hauptmann are among the authors read; study of the ballad as a literary form. Conducted in German. Prager.
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GERM 316 - German Literature, 1945 to Present
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GERM 262, 263 or equivalent, or instructor consent. Readings in German fiction, essays, drama and poetry from the end of World War II to the present. Böll, Grass, Seghers, Dürrrenmatt, Frisch, Wolf and Strauss among the authors treated. Conducted in German. Crockett.
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GERM 318 - German Medieval and Renaissance Literature
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: GERM 262 or equivalent. An examination of selected works and a study of literary history through the 16th century. Medieval literary readings include the Hildebrandslied, Nibelungenlied, Parzival, and Tristan, as well as the Minnesang. Consideration is also given to the history of the German literary language during the period covered. Conducted in German. Crockett.
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GERM 320 - German Literature of the 17th and 18th Centuries (Baroque and Aufklärung)
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: GERM 262 or equivalent. A study of representative works from the 17th and the first half of the 18th centuries, together with the literary history of the period and the history of the literary language. Conducted in German. Staff.
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GERM 321 - Seminar: Special Topics in German Literature or Language
FDR: HL when the topic is literary
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GERM 262 or equivalent. The focus shifts annually from the examination of a specific period or author to a study of a specified genre, such as the lyric or the Novelle. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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GERM 332 - Performing German
FDR: HA
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GERM 261 or instructor consent. The reading, interpretation, preparation and performance of one or more German-language dramas. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. A maximum of three credits may be used to meet major requirements. Crockett.
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GERM 335 - German Playwriting
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: GERM 311 or instructor consent. A four-week intensive seminar, taught in German, which leads to the writing of a one-act play in German for possible production the following winter. A workshop with an established playwright and the reading of several successful German one -act plays provide the theoretical component. Students conceptualize and draft a one-act play in German of approximately thirty minutes in performance length. Through dramatic readings and peer review, students continue to modify and improve their manuscript to achieve the final, stage-worthy version. Crockett.
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GERM 347 - The Age of Goethe: Sentimentalism to Sturm und Drang
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: GERM 311 and 312 or equivalent. A study of dramatic, expository, narrative, and poetic works by the young Goethe, Schiller, and their contemporaries. While emphasizing the historical and sociopolitical context of this aesthetically revolutionary period, this course examines Germany’s turn toward Sentimentalism that culminates in the Sturm und Drang movement. Regular expository writing in German and performing in debates or scenes are required. Conducted in German. Youngman.
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GERM 349 - The Age of Goethe: German Classicism
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: GERM 311 and 312 or equivalent. A course that examines the influence of Greece on German theoretical, dramatic, and poetic works by the mature Goethe, Schiller, and their contemporaries, especially Hölderlin and Kleist. By investigating the extent to which German writers embraced or rejected Winckelmann’s stoic vision of Greek art and culture, this course aims to refine our understanding of German Classicism. Regular expository writing in German and performing in debates or scenes are required. Conducted in German. Youngman.
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GERM 392 - Layered Berlin: German Culture and the Social Market Economy
(BUS 392)
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Prerequisite: GERM 262. A four-week course taught abroad that offers students a true immersion in German language, culture, and business environment. In order to give students a complete understanding of contemporary Germany, we integrate a literary-historical analysis of the country’s rich history from 1848 to the present day with an introduction to German social and economic system that focuses on stakeholder-centric business and sustainability principles. Through an exciting mix of literary fiction, historical readings and cases, film screenings, along with corporate and cultural site visits, students gain an understanding of the interdependence between “big C” Culture and business culture. Youngman and Hess.
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GERM 401 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 1
Prerequisites: Instructor consent. A course that permits students to follow a program of directed reading or research. The nature and content of the course is determined by their needs and by the instructors acquainted with their earlier preparation and performance. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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GERM 402 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 2
Prerequisites: Instructor consent. A course that permits students to follow a program of directed reading or research. The nature and content of the course is determined by their needs and by the instructors acquainted with their earlier preparation and performance. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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GERM 403 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: Instructor consent. A course that permits students to follow a program of directed reading or research. The nature and content of the course is determined by their needs and by the instructors acquainted with their earlier preparation and performance. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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GERM 451 - Internship Abroad
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: Department head consent. Supervised experience in a German-speaking country in an agency, research organization, or other venue approved by the department. Requires at least 16 work hours over no fewer than four weeks and a research paper in addition to off-campus activities. May be carried out during the summer. Youngman.
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GERM 453 - Internship Abroad
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Department head consent. Supervised experience in a German-speaking country in an agency, research organization, or other venue approved by the department. Requires at least 48 work hours over no fewer than four weeks and a research paper in addition to off-campus activities.
Youngman.
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GERM 456 - Internship Abroad
Credits: 6
Prerequisite: Department head consent. Supervised experience in a German-speaking country in an agency, research organization, or other venue approved by the department. Requires at least 96 work hours over no fewer than four weeks and a research paper in addition to off-campus activities. May be carried out during the summer. Youngman.
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GERM 493 - Honors Thesis
Credits: 3-3
Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Honors Thesis.
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Greek |
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GR 101 - Elementary Ancient Greek
Credits: 3
An introduction to ancient Greek. The course focuses on the essentials of Greek grammar and vocabulary and offers an overview of some aspects of Greek culture. Dance.
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GR 102 - Elementary Ancient Greek
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GR 101. A continuation of GR 101. Further work on grammar and vocabulary and an introduction to some simple Greek prose. Dance.
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GR 201 - Intermediate Ancient Greek
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GR 102 or instructor consent. Readings in Greek prose. Staff.
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GR 202 - Homer
FDR: FL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GR 201. An introduction to the language of Homer and to the Greek oral and written tradition; a reading of the Iliad or the Odyssey in Greek and in translation. Crotty.
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GR 301 - Tragedy
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GR 202 or equivalent, or instructor consent. A study of the Greek dramatists through close textual analysis; readings from ancient and modern theatrical writers and theories. Staff.
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GR 302 - The Greek Philosophers
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GR 202 or instructor consent. Readings in Greek and English from the corpus of Greek philosophical works, including the pre-Socratic fragments, Plato, Aristotle, and the Stoics and Epicureans. Staff.
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GR 303 - Old and Middle Comedy
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GR 202 or instructor consent. A study of the comic tradition in general and of Greek comedy in particular. Readings in Greek and English from Aristophanes and from the corpus of ancient and modern comic plays. Staff.
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GR 306 - The Greek Historians
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GR 202 or instructor consent. Herodotus and Thucydides through Greek texts and English translations; Greek historiography and its relationship to tragic, epic and philosophical literature. Staff.
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GR 309 - Greek Prose Composition
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GR 202 or instructor consent. This course offers a review of Greek grammar, an introduction to some finer points of syntax, and a comparative review of literary styles in ancient Greek prose. Students hone their language and literary skills by composing passages in ancient Greek, in the various styles of selected ancient authors. The course also serves as an introduction to the artistry of literary prose in ancient Greek. Staff.
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GR 395 - Topics in Advanced Greek Literature
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: GR 202 or equivalent. Selected subject areas in Greek literature. The topic selected varies from year to year. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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GR 401 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 1
May be repeated for degree credit with permission of the instructor and if the topics are different.
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GR 402 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 2
May be repeated for degree credit with permission of the instructor and if the topics are different.
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GR 403 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 3
May be repeated for degree credit with permission of the instructor and if the topics are different.
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GR 423 - Directed Individual Research
Credits: 3
May be repeated for degree credit with permission of the instructor and if the topics are different.
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History |
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HIST 100 - European Civilization, 325-1517
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
An introductory survey, featuring lectures and discussions of European culture, politics, religion and social life, and of Europe’s relations with neighboring societies, from the rise of Christianity in Late Antiquity through the Middle Ages and the Italian Renaissance, to the beginnings of the 16th-century Protestant and Catholic Reformations. Peterson.
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HIST 101 - European Civilization, 1500-1789
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
An individual who died in 1500 would have been surprised, if not bewildered, by many aspects of European life and thought in 1800. What changed over these three centuries? What stayed the same? Why should we in the 21st century, care? This course examines the history of Europe from the Renaissance through the beginning of the French Revolution. It explores the interplay of religion, politics, society, culture, and economy at a time when Europe underwent great turmoil and change: the Reformation, the consolidation of state power, the rise of constitutionalism, global expansion and encounters with “others,” perpetual warfare, the rise of the market economy, the spread of the slave trade, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment. This course discusses how these processes transformed Europe into the Western world of today, while also challenging ideas about what “Western,” “European,” and “Civilization” actually mean.
Staff.
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HIST 102 - European Civilization, 1789 to the Present
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
The French Revolution and Napoleon, the era of nationalism, the rise of socialism, imperialism, World Wars I and II, the Cold War, and European Union. Staff.
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HIST 103 - China: Origins to 20th-Century Reforms
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
China’s history embodies the full range of experience -as domain of imperial dynasties, target of imperial aggression, dissident member of the cold war Communist bloc, and current regional superpower in East Asia. This course tracks these transitions in political and social organization that, among other things, terminated history’s longest lasting monarchical system, ignited two of its largest revolutions, began World War II and produced the most populous nation on earth. A wide range of cultural, political and intellectual stereotypes of China are challenged in the process of exploring its particular historical experience. Bello.
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HIST 104 - Japan: Origins to Atomic Aftermath
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
This course traces the span of Japan’s historical development from its origins through the Cold War, with a special, but not exclusive, emphasis on an environmental perspective. The first half of the course covers the emergence of indigenous Japanese society and its adaptation to cultural and political influences from mainland East Asia, including Buddhism, Confucianism, and Chinese concepts of empire. The second half covers Japan’s successful transition from a declining Tokugawa Shogunate to a modern imperial nation to a reluctant U.S. Cold War ally from the mid-19th to the mid-20th centuries. Bello.
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HIST 105 - Scenes from Chinese History
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
Film is one of the 20th century’s most influential forms of mass communication and, consequently, has been one medium for the creation and maintenance of nation-states. In this sense, no film can be considered as mere entertainment entirely divorced from the social, political, economic and, ultimately, historical context in which it was produced. This is particularly true of modern nation-states “invented” during the 20th century like the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This course is intended to explore how contemporary PRC cinema has interpreted Chinese history, as represented by some of that history’s pre-PRC milestones of conflict in the Qin and Qing dynasties as well as the Republican period. Students evaluate the films critically as historical products of their own times as well as current historical narratives of the past by examining each event through a pair of films produced at different times in PRC history. Students also examine post-1949 changes in China and its interpretation of its pre-1949 history, and so, by seeing how a country interprets its history at a given time. Bello.
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HIST 107 - History of the United States to 1876
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
A survey of United States history from the colonial period through Reconstruction with emphasis on the American Revolution, the formation of the Constitution, the rise of parties, western expansion, the slavery controversy, sectionalism, secession, Civil War and Reconstruction. Staff.
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HIST 108 - History of the United States Since 1876
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
A survey of United States History from Reconstruction to the present with emphasis on industrialization, urbanization, domestic and international developments, wars, and social and cultural movements. Staff.
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HIST 130 - Latin America: Mayas to Independence
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
An introduction to the “Indian” and Iberian people active from Florida to California through Central and South America between 1450 and 1750. Gildner.
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HIST 131 - Modern Latin America: Túpak Katari to Tupac Shakur
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
A survey of Latin America from the 1781 anticolonial rebellion led by indigenous insurgent Túpak Katari to a globalized present in which Latin American youth listen to Tupac Shakur yet know little of his namesake. Lectures are organized thematically (culture, society, economics, and politics) and chronologically, surveying the historical formation of people and nations in Latin America. Individual countries (especially Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Mexico, and Peru) provide examples of how local and transnational forces have shaped the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries of North and South America and the Caribbean, and the cultural distinctions and ethnic diversity that characterize a region too often misperceived as homogeneous. Gildner.
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HIST 170 - History of Islamic Civilization I: Origins to 1500
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
This course surveys the political, social, and cultural history of the Islamic World from the 7th to 15th centuries, with particular attention paid to the diverse geographical and cultural contexts in which pre-modern Islamic civilization flourished. Topics include the origins of Islam in late Antiquity; the development of Islamic religious, political, and cultural institutions; the flourishing of medieval Islamic education, science, and literature; the tension among state, ethnic, sectarian, and global Muslim identities; and the emergence of a distinctly Muslim approach to historiography. Blecher.
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HIST 171 - History of Islamic Civilization II: 1500 to the Present
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
This course surveys the political, social, and cultural history of the Islamic World from the 16th to 21st centuries, with particular attention paid to the diverse experiences of the various regions that make up the Islamic world. Topics include the emergence of the early modern centralizing states in Iran, Turkey, India, and elsewhere; the spread of Islamic religious and political practices in Africa and Asia; the colonial and post-colonial confrontation between the Islamic World and Europe; and the evolution of new political, cultural, and intellectual movements as Muslim nations in the context of globalization. Blecher.
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HIST 174 - Global History since 1300: Connections and Change from Genghis Khan to Boko Haram
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
A study of the increasing interconnection of various parts of the world from the 14th century to the present. The class focuses on mobility–the way that people, ideas, objects, and materials move through various geographic and social spaces and across borders throughout history. This course is thematic in its approach, emphasizing that ‘globalization’ is hardly a new phenomenon but has occurred for centuries. We examine the ways that peoples, communities, and nations made and remade themselves as they traveled across the globe over the past seven centuries. Equal emphasis on Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Tallie.
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HIST 175 - History of Africa to 1800
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
Examination of the history and historiography of Africa from the origins of humankind to the abolition of the trans- Atlantic slave trade. Topics include human evolution in Africa, development of agriculture and pastoralism, ancient civilizations of the Nile, African participation in the spread of Christianity and Islam, empires of West Africa, Swahili city-states, and African participation in the economic and biological exchanges that transformed the Atlantic world. Tallie.
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HIST 176 - African History Since 1800
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
Examination of the history and historiography of Africa from the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade to the present. Topics include precolonial states and societies, European colonial intrusions and African responses, development of modern political and social movements, decolonization, and the history of independent African nation-states during the Cold War and into the 21st century. Tallie.
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HIST 180 - FS: First-Year Seminar
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
First-year seminar. Prerequisite: First-year standing. Topics vary by term and instructor.
Fall 2017, HIST 180-01: FS: Uncovering W&L’s Past HIST (3). First-Year Seminar. Prerequisite: First-year class standing. 180-01 is a research seminar that will be reading and writing intensive, and focus on the African American past of W&L and other colleges. We will focus solely on archival research and the issues that eastern colleges have dealt with in reclaiming this past. (HU) DeLaney.
Fall 2017, HIST 180-02: FS: The War to End All Wars. First-Year Seminar (3). Prerequisite: First-year class standing. Idealists in Britain and the USA justified participation in the First World War by arguing that it would end all wars, but the horrific reality of battle confounded their expectations. In this writing-intensive seminar, we analyze four very different literary accounts of the experience of war: an autobiography of a British officer who became a pacifist in the trenches; an autobiographical novel by a patriotic German who never lost faith in his nation’s cause; a collection of poems by British women who served as munitions workers or nurses; and the memoir of the “Arab Revolt” against Ottoman Turkish rule by “Lawrence of Arabia”. Students are asked to ponder what lessons can be learned today from the “Great War” of 1914-1918. (HU) Patch.
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HIST 190 - Bibliographical Resources
Credits: 1
Corequisite: Enrollment in a history course requiring a research paper. An introduction to bibliographical tools and their use, including finding aids to the historical literature of various countries and periods. Most class meetings and assignments take place in the first half of the term in order to permit completion of a specialized bibliography essential to the preparation of the research paper in the corequisite course. Degree credit is given for only one 190 course, regardless of academic discipline. Directed by the history faculty and the library staff.
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HIST 195 - Topics in History for First-years and Sophomores
FDR: HU
Credits: 3 credits in Fall or Winter; 4 credits in Spring
Prerequisite: Varies with topic. Selected topic or problem in history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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HIST 200 - Dante: Renaissance and Redemption
FDR: HU
Credits: 4
A survey of the culture, society, and politics of early Renaissance Italy using the life of the Florentine poet Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) and his Divine Comedy. This period witnessed revolutions in Florence and Rome and the emergence of new artistic forms aimed at reconciling Christian beliefs with classical thought, notably that of the Greek philosopher Aristotle and the Roman poet Virgil. It also generated conflicts between popes, kings, and emperors that issued ultimately in modern European states. First, we survey Dante’s historical setting using a chronicle by one of his contemporaries, Dino Compagni. We then follow Dante on his poetic pilgrimage of personal and collective redemption through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven as he synthesized the artistic, religious, philosophical and political challenges of his age. Peterson.
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