2017-2018 University Catalog 
    
    May 16, 2024  
2017-2018 University Catalog archived

Course Descriptions


 

Music

  
  • MUS 202 - Music History II


    FDR: HA
    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: Ability to read music. Student who take this course should have the ability to read music.  A survey of music from the Pre-Classical to the Late Romantic period. Gaylard.


  
  • MUS 205 - Introduction to the Music Industry


    FDR: HA
    Credits: 3

    This course is a general overview and a study of the major functional areas of the music business. Emphasizing the importance of entrepreneurship, students use a case study model for the analysis and synthesis of new ideas. Course work emphasizes the skills of discussion and listening, reflection and writing, and creative collaboration. This course engages students in learning the fundamentals of the music business while discovering ways to shape the industry’s future Spice.


  
  • MUS 210 - Vocal Pedagogy


    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: Two terms of applied vocal study and instructor consent. Designed for music and theater majors and advanced non-majors This course focuses on the basic functions of vocal production and strategies for teaching healthy singing. Parker.


  
  • MUS 220 - Music in the United States, 1607-1970


    FDR: HA
    Credits: 3

    A study of musical styles in America from the time of the first settlers. Topics include Puritan psalms, patriotic music, songs of the Civil War, spirituals, gospel, blues, ragtime, jazz, rock’n’roll, musical comedy, popular song, and various trends in Classical music from the Moravians to the avant-garde. The course will cover major works by Ives, Gershwin, Copland, and Ellington. Gaylard.


  
  • MUS 221 - History of Jazz


    FDR: HA
    Credits: 3

    A study of the development of jazz from its roots in turn-of-the-century New Orleans to contemporary styles. Strong emphasis is placed on listening and recognition of the performers and composers discussed. Vosbein.


  
  • MUS 222 - A Year in Jazz


    FDR: HA
    Credits: 4

    An in-depth view of a one-year span in the history of America’s only native art form. Students become absorbed in the era through the study of seminal recordings, historic videos, and readings. Research projects complete the term. Vosbein.


  
  • MUS 231 - Classical Music


    FDR: HA
    Credits: 3

    Stylistic study of music of the last half of the 18th century. Emphasis on the symphonies, sonatas, choral music, chamber music, and operas of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. Gaylard.


  
  • MUS 232 - Romantic Music


    FDR: HA
    Credits: 3

    Topics in the 19th century, including the symphony, the symphonic poem, program music, piano music, nationalism, song, and opera. Composers such as Beethoven, Berlioz, Chopin, Tchaikovsky, Wagner, and Mahler will be covered. Gaylard.


  
  • MUS 241 - Applied Music: Second Year


    Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
    Credits: 1

    Prerequisite: Instructor consent. One credit is earned for ten 45-minute private lessons and a minimum of five hours practice a week during fall and winter terms; eight 55-minute private lessons and a minimum of five hours of practice a week are required during the spring term. ($360 lesson fee) Note: Note: A limit of nine credits for nonmajors and 12 credits for majors in applied music courses (140s, 240s, 340s, 440s) is allowable toward a degree. Available in brass, jazz improvisation, percussion, piano, strings, voice, and woodwinds. A fee is charged for applied music. A music major is entitled to one applied music course per term without charge. Staff.


  
  • MUS 261 - Music Theory III


    FDR: HA
    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: MUS 162. A continuation of MUS 162, focusing on analysis of harmonies, forms, and styles from the Romantic period, impressionism, and the early 20th century. Vosbein.


  
  • MUS 262 - Aural Skills III


    Credits: 1

    Prerequisite: MUS 162 and 164. Corequisite: MUS 261. Intermediate proficiency in aural, improvisation, and keyboard skills. This course aims to advance each student’s ear-training (rhythmic. melodic, and harmonic dictation) and sight-singing (pitch and rhythm) abilities via exercises in class, homework assignments, regular singing practice, rhythmic exercises, and online drilling. In addition, students continue developing improvisational skills in singing and keyboard skills in harmonic realization. S. Petty.


  
  • MUS 285 - Music in the Films of Stanley Kubrick


    (FILM 285) FDR: HS
    Credits: r

    How does music add power and meaning to a film? What are the connections between the flow of music and the flow of a dramatic narrative? How does music enhance visual images? The course will focus on the pre-existent classical compositions chosen by Stanley Kubrick for his movies 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), A Clockwork Orange (1971), Barry Lyndon (1975), and The Shining (1980). The ability to read music is not a requirement for this course. Gaylard.


  
  • MUS 295 - Topics in Music


    FDR: HA
    Credits: 3-4


    Selected studies in music with a focus on history and culture, non-classical genres, ethnomusicological topics, or performance. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.

    Spring 2018, MUS 295-01: Special Topics in Music: Southeast Asian Musical Cultures (3). Survey of the music of the Southeast Asian continent and its role in society, religion, history, and politics. Examines theoretical systems, modes of learning, musical instruments, ensembles, and performance practices by cultural groups, as well as significant genres in national and folk traditions. Explores the impact of westernization and modernization on musical cultures as well as new musical practices in the world music markets of the 21st century. Music genres include, but are not limited to, folk, court, popular, and classical. No formal music training is required for this course. (HA). Euprasert. Staff.


  
  • MUS 296 - Spring-Term Topics in Music


    FDR: HA
    Credits: 4

    Prerequisite: Varies by topic. Selected studies in music with a focus on history and culture, non-classical genres, ethnomusicological topics, or performance. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.


  
  • MUS 325 - Conducting and Methods I


    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: MUS 162 and instructor consent. This course is designed to provide essential skills for basic conducting, including work on gesture, rehearsal techniques, and logistical considerations. Dobbins.


  
  • MUS 326 - Conducting and Methods II - Choral


    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: MUS 325. A continuation of MUS 325, with a focus on more advanced gesture and rehearsal techniques and choral literature and approaches from a broad spectrum of historical and cultural era and a variety of ensemble types. Lynch.


  
  • MUS 327 - Conducting and Methods II - Instrumental


    Credits: 3

    Prerequisites: MUS 325. A continuation of MUS 325. with a focus on more advanced musical gesture and rehearsal techniques. Band and orchestral literature are studied. Emphasis is on providing students with a broad spectrum of approaches from a variety of historical and cultural eras. Dobbins.


  
  • MUS 341 - Applied Music: Third Year


    Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
    Credits: 1-2

    Prerequisite: Instructor consent. One credit is earned for ten 45-minute private lessons and a minimum of five hours practice a week during fall and winter terms; eight 55-minute private lessons and a minimum of five hours of practice a week are required during the spring term. ($360 lesson fee) Note: Note: A limit of nine credits for nonmajors and 12 credits for majors in applied music courses (140s, 240s, 340s, 440s) is allowable toward a degree. Available in brass, jazz improvisation, percussion, piano, strings, voice, and woodwinds. A fee is charged for applied music. A music major is entitled to one applied music course per term without charge. Special departmental permission is required for students wanting two-credit applied music courses. Staff.


  
  • MUS 350 - Brass Techniques


    Credits: 1

    This course is designed to teach students sound contemporary methods for instruction of brass instruments in elementary, middle, and secondary schools. Students learn techniques for playing and teaching each of the brass instruments with a focus on pedagogical issues and basic care and maintenance that relate to each individual instrument. Alhorn.


  
  • MUS 351 - Percussion Techniques


    Credits: 1

    This course is designed to teach students sound contemporary methods for instruction of percussion instruments in elementary, middle, and secondary schools. Students learn techniques for playing and teaching each of the primary percussion instruments with a focus on pedagogical issues and basic care and maintenance that relate to each individual instrument. Overman.


  
  • MUS 352 - String Techniques


    Credits: 1

    This course is designed to teach students sound contemporary methods for instruction of string instruments in elementary, middle, and secondary schools. Students learn techniques for playing and teaching each of the string instruments with a focus on pedagogical issues and basic care and maintenance that relate to each individual instrument. Staff.


  
  • MUS 353 - Woodwind Techniques


    Credits: 1

    This course is designed to teach students sound contemporary methods for instruction of woodwind instruments in elementary, middle, and secondary schools. Students learn techniques for playing and teaching each of the woodwind instruments with a focus on pedagogical issues and basic care and maintenance that relate to each individual instrument. H. Dobbins.


  
  • MUS 361 - Advanced Composition I


    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: MUS 260. This course is the first step in the preparation for the senior composition recital. Original compositions are created and then performed during applied music recitals. Individual instruction is combined with a weekly seminar. Vosbein.


  
  • MUS 362 - Advanced Composition II


    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: MUS 260. A continuation of MUS 361. Vosbein.


  
  • MUS 365 - Post Tonal Music


    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: MUS 261. An historical and analytical approach to western art music composed after 1890. Students study major composers and significant musical movements and develop new analytical tools as the class explores music from Debussy to the present day. Vosbein.


  
  • MUS 423 - Directed Individual Project


    Credits: 3

    Prerequisites: Music major and instructor consent. May be repeated for degree credit with permission. Staff.


  
  • MUS 441 - Applied Music: Fourth Year


    Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
    Credits: 1-2

    Prerequisites: Instructor consent; seniors must have permission of the department head. One credit is earned for ten 45-minute private lessons and a minimum of five hours practice a week during fall and winter terms; eight 55-minute private lessons and a minimum of five hours of practice a week are required during the spring term. ($360 lesson fee) Note: Note: A limit of nine credits for nonmajors and 12 credits for majors in applied music courses (140s, 240s, 340s, 440s) is allowable toward a degree. Available in brass, jazz improvisation, percussion, piano, strings, voice, and woodwinds. A fee is charged for applied music. A music major is entitled to one applied music course per term without charge. Special departmental permission is required for students wanting two-credit applied music courses. Staff.


  
  • MUS 451 - Internship


    Credits: 1

    Prerequisite: At least 12 credits in music appropriate to the internship. After consultation with the head of the Department of Music and a representative of the sponsoring organization, students may submit a written description of a proposed summer internship with an organization such as an arts presenter, a performance group, a record company, or an opera company. Specific conditions of the internship and of required on-campus, follow-up projects must be approved by the department in advance. Credit is awarded upon acceptable completion of the required, on-campus follow-up project, reviewed by a faculty adviser and the department head. Staff.


  
  • MUS 452 - Internship


    Credits: 2

    Prerequisite: At least 12 credits in music appropriate to the internship. After consultation with the head of the Department of Music and a representative of the sponsoring organization, students may submit a written description of a proposed summer internship with an organization such as an arts presenter, a performance group, a record company, or an opera company. Specific conditions of the internship and of required on-campus, follow-up projects must be approved by the department in advance. Credit is awarded upon acceptable completion of the required, on-campus follow-up project, reviewed by a faculty adviser and the department head. Staff.


  
  • MUS 453 - Internship


    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: At least 12 credits in music appropriate to the internship. After consultation with the head of the Department of Music and a representative of the sponsoring organization, students may submit a written description of a proposed summer internship with an organization such as an arts presenter, a performance group, a record company, or an opera company. Specific conditions of the internship and of required on-campus, follow-up projects must be approved by the department in advance. Credit is awarded upon acceptable completion of the required, on-campus follow-up project, reviewed by a faculty adviser and the department head. Staff.


  
  • MUS 473 - Senior Thesis


    Credits: 3

    Prerequisites: Music major and instructor consent. For theory composition students, this culminates in a recital of original compositions or an analytical thesis. For music history students, this culminates in the writing of a thesis. For performance students, this culminates in a formal recital. For general music students, this culminates in a project developed in consultation with the instructor. Staff.


  
  • MUS 493 - Honors Thesis


    Credits: 3-3

    Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and senior standing. A summary of prerequisites and requirements may be obtained from the department head. Staff.



Neuroscience

  
  • NEUR 120 - Introduction to Neuroscience


    FDR: SC
    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: Either PSYC 110 or PSYC 111; or instructor consent. An introduction to neuroscience emphasizing the molecular organization, chemistry, and physiology of the neuron; how neurons are organized into functional circuits; and how these functional circuits process information and control both normal and abnormal behavior. Staff.


  
  • NEUR 395 - Special Topics in Neuroscience


    Credits: 1, 2, or 3

    A seminar designed to provide the advanced student with a broader knowledge of the field of neuroscience. Specific topics will vary and will be determined, in part, by student interest. May be repeated for credit if the topics are different.


  
  • NEUR 401 - Directed Individual Study


    Credits: 1

    Prerequisite: Consent of the neuroscience faculty. This seminar involves independent reading and/or research. Students are expected to prepare a detailed research proposal based on their independent work. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.


  
  • NEUR 403 - Directed Individual Study


    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: Consent of the neuroscience faculty. This seminar involves independent reading and/or research. Students are expected to prepare a detailed research proposal based on their independent work. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.


  
  • NEUR 422 - Directed Individual Research


    Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
    Credits: 2

    Prerequisite: Consent of the Neuroscience faculty. Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a neuroscience faculty member by prior mutual agreement. Consult with individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. No more than six credits may apply towards the major. Staff.


  
  • NEUR 423 - Directed Individual Research


    Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: Consent of the neuroscience faculty. Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a neuroscience faculty member by prior mutual agreement. Consult with individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. No more than six credits may apply towards the major. Staff.


  
  • NEUR 442 - Honors Thesis Proposal


    Credits: 2

    Prerequisite: Honors candidacy. Writing a proposal for honors thesis research, including a clear statement of the problem being studied, a literature review, and a feasible, detailed plan for the research. Taken no later than the winter term of the junior year. Staff.


  
  • NEUR 453 - Neuroscience Internship


    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: Instructor’s or major director’s consent. This course provides students an opportunity to engage in scholarly and professional development though external placements in research laboratory, clinical, or business settings where neuroscientific content is a focus of daily work activity. May be carried out during the summer. Staff.


  
  • NEUR 493 - Honors Thesis


    Credits: 3-3

    Prerequisites: Senior standing and honors candidacy. Individual conference. Staff.



Philosophy

  
  • PHIL 100 - Introduction to Philosophy


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    The course provides a broad historical survey of Western Philosophy. Students read selections from the work of a number of great women and men from the ancient to the contemporary period, dealing with questions of ethics, knowledge and reality, and social and political philosophy. Starting with Socrates who stands trial for questioning his fellow citizens, we consider how philosophy can be way of life and how we can pursue wisdom through careful argumentation and analysis of the foundations of our beliefs about the world, god(s), mind and body, truth and falsehood, morality, human nature, good and evil, government and society, justice, and equality. Staff.


  
  • PHIL 105 - Introduction to Theories of Knowledge and Reality


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    The course provides a broad survey of theories of knowledge and reality. Students read selections from the work of a number of great women and men from the ancient to the contemporary period, dealing with questions of knowledge and reality. We consider how philosophy can be way of life and how we can pursue wisdom through careful argumentation and analysis of the foundations of our beliefs about the world. god(s), mind and body, truth and falsehood, and human nature. Staff.


  
  • PHIL 110 - Ancient Greek Philosophy


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    An examination of the metaphysics of the pre-Socratic philosophers, especially the Milesians, Pythagoras, Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Zeno of Elea, and the Atomists, and the ethics and political philosophy of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Topics include the origin and nature of the kosmos, the nature and existence of the god(s), the trial and execution of Socrates, theories of virtue, the nature of knowledge and truth, justice and the ideal state, the nature of eudaimonia (happiness, flourishing), and the possibility of akrasia (weakness of the will). Taylor.


  
  • PHIL 120 - Modern European Philosophy: Descartes to Hume


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    An examination of some of the metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of religion of the European Enlightenment, including views of the rationalists Rene Descartes, Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia, and Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz; and the empiricists Catharine Cockburn, John Locke, and David Hume. Topics include skepticism about the external world, mind-body dualism, the existence and nature of God, theories of substance, personal identity, and causation. Goldberg.


  
  • PHIL 130 - Chinese Philosophy


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    An introductory course focusing on classical (Zhou period) Confucian and Taoist philosophers. No background in Chinese studies is presupposed. Staff.


  
  • PHIL 140 - Introduction to Ethics


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    The aim of this course is to sharpen your understanding of some important issues concerning value and morality. We read classic works and contemporary writings in considering such questions as: Is pleasure the only ultimate good? Are individuals’ preferences the only basis for assessing the quality of their lives? What makes right acts right? What makes for a just society? What is the role of character in ethical behavior? We examine a number of influential ethical theories, including Utilitarianism, Kantianism, Contractualism, and Virtue Ethics, and assess their competing answers to these and other questions. The aim is to help you to understand the arguments put forward by defenders of these views and, by examining them, to refine your own understanding of the questions. Smith.


  
  • PHIL 145 - Contemporary Moral Problems


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    Philosophical consideration of some of the main moral and political issues we confront in society and the world today, such as war, terrorism, global climate change, poverty, capital punishment, affirmative action, abortion, the treatment of animals, and hate speech. Topics vary. Bell, Smith.


  
  • PHIL 150 - Ethics and the Environment


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    This course is a philosophical exploration of one’s responsibilities to the natural world. It has three main objectives: first, to provide an understanding of different dominant ethical theories and their application to animals, plants, and ecosystems; second, to provide an understanding of major environmental issues in current political debates, such as climate change, species preservation, and sustainable development; and third, to facilitate the development of a student’s own ethic towards the environment. Cooper.


  
  • PHIL 170 - Introduction to Logic


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    The study of argumentation and modern formal logic. This course explores the basic principles of deductive and inductive reasoning. Students learn to symbolize and evaluate natural language arguments. Topics covered include sentential and quantificational logic. Goldberg, Gregory, McGonigal.


  
  • PHIL 180 - FS: First-Year Seminar


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3


    First-year seminar. Prerequisite: First-Year class standing. A seminar for first-year students.

    Fall 2017, PHIL 180-01: Philosophy of Education: Why Are We Here? (3). First-Year Seminar. Prerequisite: First-Year class standing. What is education? Which purposes can and should it serve? What obligations do private colleges have to the communities and societies in which they operate? These questions about the nature of education are essential to philosophy, and also to the history and future of Washington and Lee University. In this course, students read and discuss classic texts in the philosophy of education in close conjunction with materials concerning the public policy commentaries about present practices in American liberal arts colleges. Special attention is paid to Washington and Lee, and students are encouraged to reflect upon their own educational goals and choices in light of the philosophical works that they read. (HU) Dudley, Strong.

    Fall 2017, PHIL 180-02: FS: Equality and Difference (3). First-Year Seminar. Prerequisite: First-year standing only. How should differences affect equal treatment? Do we treat persons equally in light of their differences or in spite of them? These questions, among others, motivate our study. We first explore why equality matters and then seek to determine what equal treatment might look like in particular contexts (applied philosophy). After some theoretical background, we ask how we should distribute benefits in light of differences in well-being when we have a finite supply of resources, followed by an examination of how bad luck affects equal treatment. Other topics include distribution of health care resources, and commonly discussed differences in public life, relying on legal cases and op-eds as well as academic articles, including debates surrounding what equal treatment with regard to race and gender means in education and the military. (HU) Henzel.


  
  • PHIL 195 - Seminar in a Philosophical Topic


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    A consideration of selected issues in philosophy. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.


  
  • PHIL 212 - Philosophy and Religion


    (REL 212) FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    An exploration of selected issues, such as mystical and numinous experiences and doctrines, theistic arguments, faith and reason, religion and morality, and science and religion. Staff.


  
  • PHIL 214 - Religion and Existentialism


    (REL 214) FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    A consideration of the accounts of human existence (faith and doubt; death and being-in-the-world; anxiety, boredom, and hope; sin and evil; etc.) elaborated by philosophers, theologians, and literary figures in the 19th and 20th centuries. The central figures considered are Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche. Attention is paid to their significance for future philosophers, theologians, artists, and literary figures, and consideration may also be paid to forerunners in earlier centuries. Kosky.


  
  • PHIL 215 - Philosophy of History


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    Who makes history, individual human beings, social or economic classes, or broad and deep circumstances, such as climate, disease, currency exchange rates, or the collective psyche? How are explanations of historical events different from explanations in physics, biology, psychology, or economics? How is our understanding of historical events influenced by ethical, aesthetic, or ideological considerations? Is history just one thing happening after another, or is there a discernible pattern or meaning in it? What role do theories play in our understanding of history? What do historians and artists have in common? What does history tell us about ourselves? Readings include works by Kant, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, Arendt, and contemporary authors. Lambert.


  
  • PHIL 218 - Heidegger and Being in the World


    (REL 218) FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    This course explores the work of Martin Heidegger and the development of its themes in the work of select philosophical, literary, and/or film artists. A close reading of the magisterial account of being in the world in Being and Time is followed by careful study of representative essays from his later work. After our reading of Heidegger, we consider the literary, cinematic, and/or philosophical work of major 20th- and 21st-century artists who let us reflect on the possibilities and/or problems that his account of being in the world poses for ethical, religious, and existential concern. Kosky.


  
  • PHIL 221 - Plato


    (CLAS 221) FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    An in-depth examination of the philosophy of Plato. We look at Plato’s epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind, ethics, and political philosophy through a careful analysis of several dialogues, including some or all of the following: Euthyphro, Laches, Apology, Gorgias, Meno, Phaedo, Symposium, Phaedrus, and Republic. In addition, we consider certain challenges posed by Plato’s use of the dialogue form, such as whether we are justified in assuming that Socrates is a mouthpiece for Plato’s own views, and how we should interpret Plato’s frequent appeal to myths and other literary devices within his dialogues.  Smith.


  
  • PHIL 222 - Aristotle


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    A study of Aristotle’s comprehensive philosophy of man and nature, including his logic, physics, metaphysics, psychology, ethics, and aesthetics. Staff.


  
  • PHIL 228 - John Stuart Mill


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    A study of the life and ideas of a 19th-century philosopher who was ahead of his time. The class considers such questions as: Are liberty and individuality absolutely crucial to human happiness? Are we morally obligated to conduct our lives in ways that maximize the greatest aggregate happiness? Should women and men have equal rights and opportunities? How can we combine the benefits of capitalism (higher productivity and innovation) with the benefits of socialism (avoiding poverty and exploitation)? Is it more important to fill your head with knowledge or your heart with love? M. Bell.


  
  • PHIL 230 - Kierkegaard


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    What does it mean to exist as an authentic human being? This course explores diverse inquiries into this question by one of the 19th century’s most challenging thinkers. We read from a variety of famous pseudonymous writings (including parts of Either/Or , Fear and Trembling , Philosophical Fragments , The Sickness Unto Death ), as well as some lesser-known works under his own name (Upbuilding Discourses, Works of Love ). In doing so, we not only follow Kierkegaard’s literary and philosophical genius for displaying the intricacies and depths of aesthetic, ethical, and religious ways of living a human life, but we also deepen our own reflections on these matters – and perhaps strengthen our grasp on authentic living as well. Staff.


  
  • PHIL 232 - Nietzsche


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    An examination of Nietzsche’s central philosophical conceptions - revaluation of values, genealogy of morality, self-overcoming, eternal recurrence - through selected readings from various periods in Nietzsche’s authorship. Staff.


  
  • PHIL 235 - The Second Sex: Beauvoir on the Power of Gender


    (WGSS 235) FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    Sixty years after its initial publication, The Second Sex is as eye-opening and relevant as ever. Simone de Beauvoir’s masterpiece weaves together history, philosophy, economics, biology, and a host of other disciplines to analyze the Western notion of “woman” and to explore the making and the power of gender and sexuality. The Second Sex is an important philosophical and political document about inequality and enforced “otherness.” Referring to the history of philosophy, new developments in existential thought, and drawing on extensive interviews with women, Beauvoir synthesizes research about women’s bodies and psyches as well as their historic and economic roles. Verhage.


  
  • PHIL 238 - Existentialism: Meaning and Existence


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    Overview of existential thought in the 19th and 20th centuries. The course presents core existentialist thinkers and their critics - e.g. Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Sartre, de Beauvoir, Fanon, Heidegger, Camus - and explores important existential themes such as human experience, anxiety, freedom, authenticity, and absurdity. Verhage.


  
  • PHIL 239 - Postmodernism: Power, Difference, and Disruption


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    While many things are said to be “postmodern” –architecture, pop-culture, literature, art, philosophy– the term itself escapes many attempts at definition. In this seminar, we examine the philosophical roots of postmodern thought in an effort to gain better insight to its fluid character. The course concentrates especially on the writings of Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Gilles Deleuze. We read Foucault’s account of power and the docile body in Discipline and Punish; we discuss Derrida’s deconstructionist project and his concept of “differance”; and we explore the fascinatingly complex world of Deleuze’s and Guattari’s A Thousand Plateaus. After carefully exploring these complicated texts, we read several critical appropriations of these works in contemporary race theory, postcolonial studies, and feminist philosophy. Verhage.


  
  • PHIL 240 - Contemporary Ethics


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    An examination of different normative ethical theories, including consequentialism (utilitarianism), Kantian deontology, moral intuitionism, and virtue ethics, followed by an application of these normative theories to a selection of ethical problems, including famine and world hunger, abortion, infanticide, euthanasia, suicide, and self-defense. Philosophers include W.D. Ross, J. J. C. Smart, Bernard Williams, Susan Wolf, Peter Singer, Michael Tooley, Judith Jarvis Thomson, and Shelly Kagan. Staff.


  
  • PHIL 241 - Poverty, Ethics, and Religion


    POV 241
    Credits: 3

    This course introduces students to some of the most influential and compelling ethical arguments (both secular and religious) about our moral obligations regarding poverty. The course also examines the benefits and challenges of doing comparative religious and philosophical ethical analysis of a pressing moral and social problem. In particular, students will consider the arguments for and against including religiously inflected arguments in public deliberation about anti-poverty policy. Pickett.


  
  • PHIL 242 - Social Inequality and Fair Opportunity


    (WGSS 242) FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    An exploration of the different range of opportunities available to various social groups, including racial, ethnic and sexual minorities, women, and the poor. Topics include how to define fair equality of opportunity; the social mechanisms that play a role in expanding and limiting opportunity; legal and group-initiated strategies aimed at effecting fair equality of opportunity and the theoretical foundations of these strategies; as well as an analysis of the concepts of equality, merit and citizenship, and their value to individuals and society. Bell.


  
  • PHIL 243 - Martin Luther King Jr.: Poverty, Justice, and Love


    (POV 243) FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    This course offers students the opportunity to examine the ethics and theology that informed the public arguments about poverty made by one of the 20th century’s most important social justice theorists and activists, Martin Luther King Jr., as well as the competing views of his contemporaries, critics, forebears, and heirs. The course asks the following questions, among others: How do justice and love relate to one another and to poverty reduction? What role should religion play in public discussions and policies about poverty and justice? Are the dignity and the beloved community King championed the proper goal of anti-poverty efforts? Pickett.


  
  • PHIL 244 - Feminist Social and Political Philosophy


    (WGSS 244) FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    This course critically examines the gender norms that pervade our identities, govern our everyday behavior, and organize our social life. Questions addressed may include: What is gender? In what ways does it affect the quality of women’s and men’s lives? Is gender difference natural? Is it valuable? Can it contribute to, or interfere with, human flourishing? Can a gendered society be just? What can any of us do to promote good relations among women and men? Bell.


  
  • PHIL 245 - Poverty, Dignity, and Human Rights


    (POV 245) FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    Is severe poverty a human rights violation? This course examines that question and others by means of an investigation of the main philosophical and religious debates about human rights. More broadly, the course provides students with the opportunity to examine our duties (individually and collectively) to those said to suffer from any human rights abuse. Questions considered include: Are human rights universal or culturally specific? What (if anything) grounds human rights? Are religious justifications of rights permissible in a pluralistic world? Is dignity a useful concept for defending and/or discerning human rights? Do we only have liberty rights (to be free of mistreatment) or do we also have welfare rights (to claim certain positive treatment from others)? What are the practical (moral, political. and legal) implications of identifying severe poverty as a human rights violation? Pickett.


  
  • PHIL 246 - Philosophy of Sex


    (WGSS 246) FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    This course explores questions related to contemporary conceptions of sexuality and its proper role in our lives. Questions addressed include: What is the purpose of sex? Are sexual practices subject to normative evaluation on grounds of morality, aesthetics, and/or capacity to promote a flourishing human life? We consider the relation between sex and both intimacy and pleasure, viewed from the perspective of heterosexual women and men, and gay men and lesbians. What are our sexual practices and attitudes toward sex? What should they be like? Bell.


  
  • PHIL 247 - Medicine, Research, and Poverty


    (POV 247) FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    This seminar introduces students to central ethical issues in the provision of medical care and the conduct of medical research in the context of poverty. Specific topics include medical research on prisoners and the indigent; ancillary care obligations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); meeting the standard of care in LMICs; access to essential medicines; allocation of scarce medical resources; and compensated donation for organs or tissues. Taylor.


  
  • PHIL 248 - Ethics of War


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 4

    An investigation of important ethical issues concerning the justification, conduct, and consequences of war. The course concentrates, in particular, on traditional just war theory and on recent challenges that have been raised to the central tenets of this theory in light of the rise of terrorism and “asymmetric conflict” (i.e., conflicts waged between state and non-state parties), on the one hand, and reflection upon the moral responsibility of individuals who choose to support or participate in unjust wars, on the other. We address questions such as the following: Should we regard all combatants in war as having the same moral status, regardless of whether they are fighting for a “just cause”? Is it ever morally permissible to attack non-combatants? Is terrorism ever morally justified? Is torture ever morally justified? Is there a moral obligation to engage in humanitarian intervention to stop genocide? Can the conditions of war constitute an excusing condition for acts of moral atrocity? Smith.


  
  • PHIL 250 - Philosophies of Life


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 4

    Prerequisite: 3 credits in philosophy or instructor consent. This course provides opportunities to explore philosophies of life held by influential philosophers and by ordinary people, focusing on what it means to live a good or worthwhile life. It also gives students a chance to clarify and develop their own vision of what a good life is for them. Projects include conducting interviews with members of the community outside the classroom. Bell.


  
  • PHIL 252 - Philosophy of Law


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    An examination of topics in the philosophy of law, such as the concepts of a law and of a legal system; Natural Law theory; legal positivist and legal realist theories of law; the nature of the relationship between law, morality, and religion; civil disobedience; rights in the U.S. Constitution; freedom of speech and pornography; abortion and the right to privacy; punishment and the death penalty; and different forms of legal liability. Readings include United States Supreme Court opinions. Bell.


  
  • PHIL 254 - Philosophy of the Family: Beyond Tradition


    (WGSS 254) FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    This course considers philosophical issues raised by family as a social institution and as a legal institution. Topics addressed include the social and personal purposes served by the institution of family, the nature of relationships between family members, the various forms that family can take, the scope of family privacy or autonomy, and how family obligations, mutual support, and interdependency affect individual members of families. Bell.


  
  • PHIL 256 - Free Will and Moral Responsibility


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    This course provides an introduction to the problem of free will and moral responsibility. It is natural to wonder what place there is for freedom in a natural world of cause and effect. Our ordinary practices of holding people responsible (which includes not just blame, but also, e.g., credit, where credit is due) seem threatened equally by either determinism or indeterminism, fate or chance. In this class, we ask: What sort of concepts are freedom and responsibility, and what must a person be for those concepts to be applicable? The course begins with a brief historical overview of the problem of free will and moral responsibility, and then examines a number of contemporary philosophical perspectives on this problem, including the seminal work of P. F. Strawson, Harry Frankfurt, Gary Watson, John Martin Fischer, Susan Wolf, and T. M. Scanlon, among others. Smith.


  
  • PHIL 262 - Art, Imagination, and Ethics


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 4

    This course considers ethical issues pertaining to the creation, consumption, and criticism of artistic works, including the visual arts, literature, and music. Can artistic works be assessed morally, and are such assessments relevant to their aesthetic assessment? Is it possible for a work of art to be deeply immoral and at the same time aesthetically excellent (or vice versa)? Is there a distinctive kind of moral knowledge that can only come about through engagement with works of art? To what extent, if at all, are artists accountable for the messages implicit in their works of art, or for the effects of these works on their audiences? Are there distinctive ethical issues raised by current forms of “popular art,” e.g., video games, rap music, and slasher films? Smith.


  
  • PHIL 264 - Aesthetics


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    This course offers a wide-ranging, reflective overview of contemporary debates in the philosophy of art. We discuss the following kinds of questions: How are artistic experience and value interrelated? In what does beauty consist? What is the nature of aesthetic experience? Should we value works of art for what we can learn from them? How do pictures represent? What constitutes artistic expression? In what ways is the imagination involved in engaging with artworks? Can emotional responses to fiction be genuine and rational? Is artistic intention relevant to the interpretation of artworks? Are there general principles of aesthetic evaluation? What are the relations between the moral and aesthetic values of art? McGonigal.


  
  • PHIL 266 - Philosophy and Literature


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    Great literature is often profoundly philosophical and great philosophy sometimes takes the form of powerful fiction. This course considers the many philosophical themes in the writings of 19th- and 20th-century authors, including Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Virginia Woolf, Ernest Hemingway, Franz Kafka, Samuel Beckett, Chinua Achabe, Toni Morrison, Jorge Luis Borges, and Robert Musil. Verhage.


  
  • PHIL 270 - Intermediate Logic


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: PHIL 170 or instructor consent. An examination of alternative formal logics and issues in the philosophy of logic. Topics include formal ways of modeling possibility, actuality, and necessity; obligation and permissibility; pastness, presentness, and futurity; and others. They also include informal considerations of topics like conditionals, counterfactuals, intuitionism, and others. Goldberg, Gregory.


  
  • PHIL 272 - Philosophy and Science Fiction


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 4

    Discussion of one or more major works in science fiction and in philosophy that explore related themes. Goldberg.


  
  • PHIL 274 - Metaphysics: Existence and Reality


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    An examination of central issues in metaphysics. Topics include free will and determinism; cause and effect; space and time; being and existence; and possibility, actuality, and necessity. Goldberg.


  
  • PHIL 278 - Epistemology: Knowledge and Doubt


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    An examination of the basic problems in epistemology with an emphasis on contemporary discussions. Topics include skepticism, knowledge, justification (foundationalism, coherentism, reliabilism), relativism, and rationality. Cooper, Goldberg, Gregory.


  
  • PHIL 282 - Philosophy of Biology


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    An examination of philosophical issues raised by biology, with an emphasis on current evolutionary theory. Topics include the structure of the theory of evolution by natural selection, an examination of the concepts of fitness and adaptation, the role of teleological explanation in biology, reductionism, the nature of biological species, individuality, levels of selection, and sociobiology. Cooper.


  
  • PHIL 285 - The Unruly Body: Philosophy, Science, and Culture


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    “We are bodies.” This statement apparently affirms the obvious. But if this is so obvious why then do we so often disregard and disrespect our bodies and the bodies of others? In this interdisciplinary course, students study theories of embodiment through the study of the (i) history of philosophy, (ii) contemporary scientific and philosophical depictions of the body, and (iii) social-cultural structures affecting our bodies. Finally (iv), we consider how we can rethink, relive, regard, refigure, restore, and respect our body and the body of others in more productive and thought-provoking ways. Verhage.


  
  • PHIL 288 - American Pragmatism


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    A survey of historical and contemporary American pragmatist philosophers, who believe that truth is linked to concrete consequences, meaning is a social phenomenon, and the line between philosophy and politics is permeable. Goldberg.


  
  • PHIL 295 - Seminar on Philosophical Topics


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3 credits in Fall or Winter; 4 credits in Spring


    A consideration of selected issues in philosophy. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.

     


  
  • PHIL 296 - Spring-Term Seminar on Philosophical Topics


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 4

    Prerequisite: Instructor consent. A consideration of selected issues in philosophy. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.


  
  • PHIL 310 - Kant


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    A close reading of the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant’s most important work in metaphysics and epistemology and one of the most influential philosophical works ever written. Goldberg.


  
  • PHIL 315 - Hegel


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. The truth is the whole. Hegel’s philosophy was inspired by an effort to reconcile various dichotomies of modern thought: nature and freedom, mind and body, immanence and transcendence, sensibility and understanding, reason and faith, romanticism and enlightenment, what is and what ought to be. This course examines the method and starting point of Hegel’s project, with a close reading of his Phenomenology of Spirit. In the process, we explore and assess his attempt to comprehend all of the perennial philosophical problems with a revolutionary, systematic approach. Because Hegel is also the first philosopher to take the history of philosophy seriously and make history a fundamental category of philosophy, we gain a better understanding of both his predecessors and those whom he influenced (including existentialists, Marxists, and postmodernists) in our own time. Lambert.


  
  • PHIL 327 - Perception and Human Experience: Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    This course is centered on Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s landmark work, The Phenomenology of Perception. Bringing together phenomenological philosophy and (neuro)psychology. Merleau-Ponty discusses a wide range of subjects: the bodily nature of consciousness, the expressivity of the body, our relations to others, the experience of time, space, freedom. etc. The course situates this discussion within a contemporary dialogue between phenomenology and the cognitive sciences. Perception is the primary relation that we have to the world; it reveals to us a world of meaningful objects; it reveals a world to which we belong as embodied subjects. A careful philosophical study of perception not only makes us understand the world better but also gives us more insight into our own embodied existence: “By thus remaking contact with the body and with the world, we shall also rediscover ourself.” (PhP. 206). Verhage.


  
  • PHIL 335 - Ethics of Globalization


    (BUS 335)
    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: At least junior standing. This seminar examines a number of ethical issues raised by the phenomenon of globalization. Though globalization is not new, recent business, technological, and policy developments have made the world more integrated and interdependent than ever before. Increasing economic, cultural, and political interconnections have created a host of new questions about how to conceive of the moral rights and responsibilities of individuals, multi-national corporations, nation-states, and global institutions within this new global framework. This course identifies and clarifies some of these questions, and considers how they have been addressed from a variety of different disciplinary perspectives. Questions concerning the ethics of globalization are approached through an analysis of a few specific topics, such as immigration, humanitarian intervention, and global poverty and inequality. Because the issues raised by the phenomenon of globalization cross disciplinary boundaries, readings are drawn from a wide variety of fields, including philosophy, business, economics, political science, and anthropology. Reiter and Smith.


  
  • PHIL 340 - History of Ethics


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    A close examination of the writings of some of the philosophers and writers who have shaped ethical thought, including Sophocles, Cicero, Aquinas, Machiavelli, Montaigne, Shakespeare, Hobbes, Hume, Rousseau, Adam Smith, Kant, and Nietzsche. Topics include ambition, pride, revenge, friendship, family, deception, inequality, justice, law, God, sympathy, duty, reason, and evil. Staff.


  
  • PHIL 342 - Metaethics


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    This course focuses on contemporary issues in metaethics. For example, we address questions such as the following: Do moral judgments express truths that are independent of our feelings and conventions? Are “goodness” and “wrongness” real properties of things, or do we simply use these terms to express our subjective preferences toward states of affairs? Can we reason about morality? Do moral considerations provide practical reasons for all rational agents, or does the normative force of these considerations depend upon an agent’s subjective desires? We also consider some meta-theoretical questions about the aims, methods, and authority of moral theory. Smith.


  
  • PHIL 344 - Virtue Ethics


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    This course examines the recent resurgence of interest in virtue-based theories in ethics. These theories, which trace back to the Ancient Greek philosophers (particularly Aristotle), emphasize the importance of the virtues and good character to living a flourishing human life. Such views are increasingly being defended as an alternative to traditional rule-based (deontological) and consequence-based (consequentialist) theories in ethics. We begin by looking at some of the seminal articles that sparked this renewed interest in virtue ethics, and then examine a fully developed neo-Aristotelian virtue ethical account (and some criticisms that have been raised to this account). Smith.


  
  • PHIL 346 - Medical Ethics


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    An examination of the issues arising out of the human impact of modern biomedical research and practice. Specific issues are selected from among the following: abortion, contraception, death and dying, experimentation/research, genetics, in vitro fertilization, intellectual and developmental disabilities, public health/community medicine, science/technology, transplantation and patients’ rights. Taylor.


  
  • PHIL 348 - Legal Ethics


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    An examination of the issues associated with lawyers’ roles in society and their impact upon and obligations to the client, the court, and the legal profession. The course also addresses questions of the role and function of law and the adversary system. Cooper.


  
  • PHIL 354 - Distributive Justice


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    Prerequisite: Junior standing or instructor consent. How should the product of social cooperation be distributed in a just society? Is wealth redistribution through taxes fair? Is it a fair distribution of wealth that a just society depends on, or is distributive justice more complicated than that? Should we have welfare programs, and, if so, what should they be like? Our studies may include John Rawls’ political liberalism, Robert Nozick’s libertarianism, Ronald Dworkin’s equality of resources, Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach, Stuart White’s justice as fair reciprocity, and criticisms of the distributive paradigm. Bell.


  
  • PHIL 357 - Self and Social World


    FDR: HU
    Credits: 3

    This course takes as its starting point the question of the ‘other.’ We explore such questions as: how do we perceive, and communicate with others who have different bodies, genders, cultures and histories? How do we see ourselves through the eyes of others? Can we speak for others? Can we build bridges across differences and forge common ground? We begin with traditional philosophical accounts of selves and others, i.e., Hegel’s dialectic of master and slave, Husserl’s alter ego, Buber’s philosophy of dialogue, Sartre’s account of shame, Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of embodied intersubjectivity, and Levinas’ ethics of alterity. Later, we concentrate on the work of feminist philosophers, race theorists, and post-colonialist thinkers who critique these traditional philosophies and offer alternative ways of speaking about self and other. Verhage.


 

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