2014-2015 University Catalog

Apr 27, 2024

2014-2015 University Catalog archived

Course Descriptions

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English
	ENGL 358 - Literature by Women Before 1800 FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: ENGL 299. A study of poetry, narrative, and drama written in English by women before 1800. Texts, topics, and historical emphasis may vary, but the course addresses the relation of gender to authorship; considers particular constraints and liberties encountered by women writers; and examines how women’s literary productions reflect and participate in constructing their material and social circumstances. Staff.
	ENGL 359 - Literature by Women of Color FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: ENGL 299. This course focuses on the intersection of race and gender as they meet in the lives and identities of contemporary women of color via literature: African-Americans, Native Americans, Chicanas, Asian-Americans, and mixed bloods, or ‘mestizas.’ Our readings, discussions and writings focus on the work that “coming to voice” does for women of color, and for our larger society and world. Students read a variety of poetry, fiction, and autobiography in order to explore some of the issues most important to and about women of color: identity, histories, diversity, resistance and celebration. Literary analyses-i.e., close readings, explications and interpretations-are key strategies for understanding these readings. Miranda.
	ENGL 360 - Cowboys and Indians FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2014 and alternate years Prerequisite: ENGL 299. A post-modern study of the “Cowboys and Indians” motif in American literature. Beginning with some stories of Native Americans, we examine how they were depicted in early American literature and history, leading up to “Indian removal” to the West, Custer’s Last Stand, and Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show. We then study the rise of the Western itself as a story of national origins, psychology, policy, and destiny focused in the figure of the cowboy. We trace some competing versions of “Cowboy and Indian” stories told since then as America changes and develops, through fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and film by many famous writers and moviemakers including contemporary Native American writers. The goal is to understand why the “Cowboy and Indian” trope is one of the most powerful and widely known stories in the world. Smout.
	ENGL 361 - Native American Literatures FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter in every third year Prerequisite: ENGL 299. A study of American Indian literature, primarily from the 20th century but including some historical and prehistorical foundations (oral storytelling, early orations and essays). Texts and topics may vary, but this course poses questions about nation, identity, indigenous sovereignty, mythology and history, and the powers of story as both resistance and regeneration. Readings in poetry, fiction, memoir, and nonfiction prose. Authors may include Alexie, Harjo, Hogan, Erdrich, Silko, Chrystos, Ortiz, LeAnne Howe and Paula Gunn Allen. Miranda.
	ENGL 362 - American Romanticism FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter in alternate years Prerequisite: ENGL 299. A study of American themes and texts from the middle decades of the 19th century. Readings in poetry, fiction, and nonfiction prose. Representative figures could include Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller, Whitman, Dickinson, Poe, Hawthorne, and Melville. Warren.
	ENGL 363 - American Poetry from 1900 to 1945 FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2016 and alternate years Prerequisite: ENGL 299. A consideration of American poetry from the first half of the 20th century, including modernism, the Harlem Renaissance, and popular poetry. Students will investigate the interplay of tradition and experiment in a period defined by expatriatism, female suffrage, and the growing power of urban culture. Wheeler.
	ENGL 364 - American Poetry at Mid-Century FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2015 and alternate years Prerequisite: ENGL 299 or instructor consent. Readings from the middle generation of 20th century U.S. poets with attention to the Beats, the New York School, Black Arts, and many other movements. Writers may include Elizabeth Bishop, Gwendolyn Brooks, Allen Ginsberg, Sylvia Plath, Robert Hayden, and others. Wheeler.
	ENGL 365 - Studies in Contemporary Poetry FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2014 and alternate years Prerequisite: ENGL 299 or instructor consent. Focused study of poetry in English from 1980 to the present. Topics vary but can include the role of place in contemporary writing or 21st-century poetry and performance. Depending on interest and department needs, readings may involve mainly U.S. authors or English-language poetry from other regions such as Ireland or the Pacific.
	ENGL 366 - African-American Literature FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2015 and alternate years Prerequisite: ENGL 299. A focused engagement with the African-American literary tradition, from its beginnings in the late 18th century through its powerful assertions in the 21st. The focus of each term’s offering may vary; different versions of the course might emphasize a genre, author, or period such as poetry, Ralph Ellison, or the Harlem Renaissance. Winter 2015 topic: ENGL 366: African-American Poetry (3). A study of African-American poetry and poetics, with attention to their intersection with politics and music. While we focus mainly on 20th- and 21st-century works, history and remembrance are a recurring motif in our readings and conversations. (HL) Wheeler.
	ENGL 367 - 19th-Century American Novel FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall in alternate years Prerequisite: ENGL 299. A reading of major American novelists, focusing especially on Hawthorne, Melville, and James. We also consider the relationship between the novel and social reform, especially in the domestic novels of mid-century (Stowe and Fanny Fern, for example) and in fictions at century’s end by Crane, Jewett, and Chopin. Warren.
	ENGL 368 - The Modern American Novel FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter in alternate years Prerequisite: ENGL 299. An examination of the American novel in the first half of the 20th century, from the late Realist and Naturalist writers through World War II. The heart of the course focuses on the major figures of American Modernism-Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and Faulkner-but may also consider various early and late Modernist writers (Anderson, Toomer, Wharton, Hurston, West). Major concerns include the motif of exile, the figure of the artist, the Lost Generation, the rise of the city and decline of the village or pastoral ideal, conflicts of race and gender, existentialism and religious crisis, and the meanings and impact of Modernism itself. Conner.
	ENGL 369 - Contemporary American Fiction FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall in alternate years Prerequisite: ENGL 299. An exploration of the formal, thematic, and cultural discontinuities which have reshaped contemporary American fiction. Staff.
	ENGL 370 - Literary Theory FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter in alternate years Prerequisite: ENGL 299. An introduction to literary theory, focusing on classic texts in literary criticism and on contemporary developments such as Formalism, Structuralism, Deconstruction, Marxism, New Historicism and Cultural Studies, Feminism and Gender Studies, and Ecocriticism. Warren.
	ENGL 373 - Hitchcock FDR: HL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring in alternate years Prerequisite: ENGL 299. An intensive survey of the films of Alfred Hitchcock: this course covers all of his major and many of his less well-known films. It supplements that central work by introducing students to several approaches to film analysis that are particularly appropriate for studying Hitchcock. These include biographical, auteur, and genre-based interpretation, psychological analyses, and dominant form theory through the study of novel-to-film adaptations. Adams.
	ENGL 380 - Advanced Seminar FDR: HL Credits: 3 in fall or winter, 4 in spring Planned Offering: Fall, Winter, Spring Prerequisite: ENGL 299. Enrollment limited. A seminar course on a topic, genre, figure, or school (e.g. African-American women’s literature, epic film, Leslie Marmon Silko, feminist literary theory) with special emphasis on research and discussion. The topic will be limited in scope to permit study in depth. Student suggestions for topics are welcome. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Winter 2015 topic: ENGL 380: Advanced Seminar: The Ghost in the Machine (3). Consciousness is both very familiar and very strange. As you read these words, you probably don’t doubt that you’re conscious. But what exactly is consciousness? Where does it come from? Is it the result of an immaterial soul buried somewhere deep within the body–a kind of “ghost in the machine,” as the philosopher Gilbert Ryle puts it–or does the body alone do all the thinking? In this course, we consider the way in which literature–from the 17th and 18th centuries to the present–responds to these problems of self, soul, matter, and consciousness. We read scurrilous love poetry (by the Earl of Rochester) and experimental novels (by Eliza Haywood) where the body has a mind of its own. We see how writers like Laurence Sterne and Virginia Woolf attempt to capture the fleeting movements of the psyche by developing a “stream of consciousness” style. We consider how certain literary texts give us a glimpse into the inner lives of non-human thinking things (such as a bat, a talking parrot, and even a brain in a vat). We also think about how literature responds to developments in neuroscience–which means reading some contemporary “neuro-novels” by Richard Powers, Rivka Galchen, and Ian McEwan. (HL) Keiser. Fall 2014 topics: ENGL 380-01: Advanced Seminar: Cormac McCarthy (3). A study of selected works by one of America’s most renowned post-modern authors, who treats shocking subjects in an inimitable style. McCarthy has developed gradually over the last 50 years from a struggling writer and auto parts worker too poor to buy toothpaste to a number one box office draw, winner of the Pulitzer Prize, eager candidate for the Nobel Prize, and author of a major motion picture. Our key questions: Why is McCarthy so famous now? How does he do it? What do his works say to us that we are drawn to hear? (HL) Smout. Fall 2014 ENGL 380-02: Advanced Seminar: Celluloid Shakespeare (3). The films adapted from or inspired by William Shakespeare’s plays are a genre unto themselves. We study a selection of films, not focused on their faithfulness to the original playscript, but on the creative choices and meanings of the distinct medium of film. We see how the modern era has transmuted the plays through the lens of contemporary sensibility, politics, and culture–and through this new visual mode of storytelling. This course is very much an exploration of how to interpret and appreciate film broadly, as we learn the concepts and lexicon of film with Shakespeare as our case study. Our methods vary: sometimes we study the play in detail and compare several film versions; or we see a film fresh–without having read the play–to approach it as a work of art on its own terms; or we hear individual reports from students about additional films to expand the repertoire of films we study and enjoy. The films we view range from multiple versions of Hamlet, Macbeth, and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, to adaptations of As You Like It and Henry V, to original Shakespeare-inspired films such as Forbidden Planet, A Thousand Acres, and My Own Private Idaho. (HL) Dobin. Fall 2014 ENGL 380-04: Thrilling Tales: New North American Fiction (3). A study of 21st-century novels and short stories by North American authors. We examine the recent movement of literary fiction into genres traditionally limited to pulp writing. Texts may include: McSweeney’s Mammoth Treasury of Thrilling Tales edited by Michael Chabon; Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake; Isabel Allende’s Zorro; Sherman Alexie’s Flight; Octavia Butler’s Fledgling; Cormac McCarthy’s The Road; Junot Diaz’s The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao; Colson Whitehead’s Zone One, and Austin Grossman’s Soon I Will Be Invincible. (HL) Gavaler. Fall 2014
	ENGL 382 - Hotel Orient FDR: HL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years Prerequisite: ENGL 299 or instructor consent. This seminar charts the historical encounters between East and West through the very spaces that facilitate cross-cultural transactions from the medieval to the postmodern. If modern hotel consciousness is marked by transience, ennui, eroticism, and isolation, we ask whether or not the same characteristics held true in premodern hotel practices, and if the space of the Orient makes a difference in hotel writing. Semantically, “Orient” means not only the geographic east. As a verb, to orient means to position and ascertain one’s bearings. In this sense, to write about lodging in the East is to sort out one’s cultural and geopolitical orientation. Kao.
	ENGL 384 - Ireland in Literature, History, and Film FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter in alternate years. Prerequisite: Three credits in 200-level English. This seminar seeks to immerse the student in the history and culture of Ireland through a range of media and methods. The primary focus of the course is on modern Irish literature–the seminal writings of the early 20th century, the so-called “Irish Renaissance”–but its secondary focus is on the world from which those writings emerged, and the world that followed upon those writings and was changed utterly by them. Through literary readings (both primary and secondary), texts of cultural history, memoir, and folklore, and through film (an increasingly potent form of expression in Ireland), we seek to understand the major movements in Ireland that led to its great cultural achievements in the 20th century, as well as the near-century that has followed the Renaissance and that still structures Ireland to this day. The seminar is also the prerequisite ENGL 388: Spring Term in Ireland taught in the following term, serving as orientation and preparation for that program and enabling students to be well-prepared when they arrive in Ireland. Conner
	ENGL 385 - Preparatory Reading for Study Abroad Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Winter Pass/Fail only. Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Seminar in reading preliminary to study abroad. Staff.
	ENGL 386 - Supervised Study in Great Britain FDR: HL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 Prerequisites: ENGL 299 or instructor consent. An advanced seminar in British literature carried on in Great Britain, with emphasis on independent research and intensive exposure to British culture. Changing topics, rotated yearly from instructor to instructor, and limited in scope to permit study in depth.
	ENGL 388 - Exploring the West of Ireland Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring in alternate years Prerequisites: ENGL 384 and at least one course in English at the 200-level or higher or instructor consent. Non-majors welcome. This course spends four weeks in the southwest of Ireland, based in Dingle, County Kerry. From here we visit and study the dramatic Irish landscape of the Dingle Peninsula and the Irish Southwest. We focus primarily on sites associated with the great 20th-century Irish writers, such as Yeats’s tower of Thoor Ballylee, Lady Gregory’s estate of Coole Park, and the Aran Islands so beloved of J. M. Synge. We read a range of Irish literature, from medieval poetry and mythic saga to the great achievements of the Irish Revival, such as the poetry of Yeats and the plays of Synge, and also work from more recent Irish writers such as Heaney and O’Brien. Students write four interpretive essays, several “site readings,” and a travel journal/experiential web log of their travels. Conner.
	ENGL 403 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 3 Prerequisite: Instructor consent. A course designed for special students who wish to continue a line of study begun in an earlier advanced course. Their applications approved by the department and accepted by their proposed directors, the students may embark upon directed independent study which must culminate in acceptable papers. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Winter 2015 topic: ENGL 403-04: Directed Individual Study: Literary Representation of Women in Britain (0). Readings of fiction by Elizabeth Bowen, Sarah Waters, Virginia Woolf, and other British authors who focus on the inter-war years and the World War II period, either as they experienced the period or as historical reconstruction. Keen. Winter 2015 Staff.
	ENGL 413 - Senior Research and Writing Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisites: Six credits in English at the 300 level, senior major standing, and instructor consent. Enrollment limited to six. A collaborative group research and writing project for senior majors, conducted in supervising faculty members’ areas of expertise, with directed independent study culminating in a substantial final project. Possible topics include poetic voice, ecocriticism, literature and psychology, material conditions of authorship, and modern Irish studies. Winter 2015 topics: ENGL 413-01: Senior Research and Writing: Synesthesia: Cognition, Literature, and the Senses (3). Synesthesia is both a literary device and a neurological condition; in both cases, multiple senses are conjoined or confused. When Bottom from Shakespeare’s “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” awakes and declares, “The eye of man hath not heard, the ear of man hath not seen, man’s hand is not able to taste, his tongue to conceive, nor his heart to report what my dream was” (4.1.207-10), is Shakespeare simply poking fun at Bottom’s foolishness or is he testifying to the way that synesthesia can capture an ineffable experience? This course attends to moments in drama and literature where the senses fail or mingle in order to ask a series of questions: What can an understanding of philosophical and scientific studies about bodily sensation reveal about literary texts and, conversely, what can literary texts add to those philosophical and scientific discourses of the senses? Beyond their role in defining the material world, can the senses help define the immaterial? Readings in the fields of (introductory) neuroscience and phenomenology supplement literary texts by Shakespeare, Samuel Beckett, Sarah Ruhl, Mary Zimmerman, Raymond Carver, and/or others. (HL) Pickett. ENGL 413-02: Senior Research and Writing: Ethnic Fiction and the Dead (3). This seminar begins by focusing on ghosts, visions, and memories of the dead in novels and stories by African-American and Caribbean women. Students are welcome to explore the topic in writings by men and women from many traditions: Native American, Asian, Latino. The objective is to place each author’s treatment of the dead within its cultural context. Authors to be used as a starting point include Paule Marshall, Toni Morrison, Maryse Conde, and Zora Neale Hurston. (HL) Brodie. ENGL 413-03: Senior Research and Writing: Revenge: From Aeschylus and the Old Testament to Tarantino (3). The revenge plot has been popular and powerful dramatic genre from Greek classical drama (the tales of murderous vengeance in Agamemnon’s family when he returns from Troy) and the Old Testament (the episode of the rape of Dinah) all the way to campy but gory contemporary films like Kill Bill and Sin City. Our collective reading focuses on two periods and two media: English Renaissance drama and modern film. The Renaissance saw an explosion of experimentation in dramatic form, with the revenge plot a key element, in plays such as The Spanish Tragedy, Hamlet, and The Jew of Malta. More recently, films as varied as The Godfather, True Grit, Hard Candy, and Munich have explored the revenge theme. We sample various sub-genres of revenge–ghost stories, revenge for violence against women, marital conflict, revenge for the loss of children, and gangster violence. We consider key recurring themes such as honor, justice, madness, re-enactment, gender, and metatheater. We also study revenge plots in other cultures, such as the kabuki classic, Chushingura, the Swedish film, The Virgin Spring, and the Korean thriller, Oldboy. Students have a wide range of texts from which to choose for their capstone project. (HL) Dobin. Fall 2014 topics: ENGL 413-01: Senior Research and Writing: Memoir (3). This course examines 20th- and 21st-century self-writing, considering theories of selfhood within genres of fiction, memoir, and the personal essay. Concepts of memory, identity, experience, agency and audience are theorized and studied in relation to disparate texts, including the novel Gilead by Marilynne Robinson, and memoirs by Mary Karr, Deborah Miranda, and Eric Wilson. We also view self-writing as narrative, studying autobiographical texts as art forms, reading details about individual lives and historical moments primarily as crafted art forms. At the same time, we study the techniques of self-writing by analyzing individual texts in relation to specific tools writers have identified as useful to the composition of autobiography. We take all of this and apply it to the development of our own self-writing, which we practice in response to prompts that are keyed to the week’s topics and generic forms. In the final third of the course, after completing a research paper on autobiographical texts, we develop a longer piece of creative self-writing that reflects the careful thinking about theories of selfhood, as well as specific writing tools, that we have studied and/or used throughout the term. (HL) Gertz ENGL 413-02: Senior Research and Writing: Queering the Text (3). Does text have a gender or sexuality? Or does text both embody and challenge socio-political norms? One of the aims of this seminar is to investigate the inherent queerness of text and the textuality of queerness. Reading select texts across historical periods, we ask whether postmodern constructs of sexuality and gender inform or problematize studies of premodern and early modern texts, and how race, class, and culture complicate notions of the queer. We learn how to engage in practices of queering, a la Raymond Williams, through a series of keywords: desire, friendship, romance (and “bromance”), performativity, author, reader, time, normativity, marriage, conduct, reproduction, the abject, and happiness. Short primary texts may include works by Geoffrey Chaucer, Chrétien de Troyes, William Shakespeare, Walt Whitman, Henry James, Gertrude Stein, Truman Capote, and Carson McCullers. Queer theorists may include Michel Foucault, Eve Sedgwick, Judith Butler, Wayne Koestenbaum, Jack Halberstam, Lee Edelman, Gloria E. Anzaldúa, and José Esteban Muñoz. Students compile a portfolio of reading responses in the first half of the seminar as preparation for their individual guided research project. (HL) Kao ENGL 413-03: Senior Research and Writing: Cultural Conflicts in the American West (3). In this section, we study a few key texts about the American West and then see what else each student wants to explore. There are many cultural conflicts from which to choose and wonderful texts about these conflicts in many genres. Among the conflicting groups are American Indians, Hispanics, Asians, and white Europeans, all fighting for their land, families, names, ethnic identities, histories, culture, economic livelihood, and virtually everything else human beings can fight for. Although we focus on literature, we also explore these conflicts historically and politically, grappling with the challenges of dealing with them today. (HL) Smout
	ENGL 453 - Internship in Literary Editing with Shenandoah Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisites: At least junior standing and consent of the Shenandoah editor. An apprenticeship in editing for one or more students each 12-week term with the editor of Shenandoah , Washington and Lee’s literary magazine. Students are instructed in and assist in these facets of the editor’s work: evaluation of manuscripts, proofreading/copyediting, the arrangement of work within an issue, selection of cover art, composing contributor’s notes, responding to queries, and issuing news releases. Interns also work toward an understanding of the role of journals in contemporary literature. May be applied once to the English major or Creative Writing Minor and repeated for a maximum of six additional elective credits, as long as the specific projects undertaken are different. R. T. Smith.
	ENGL 493 - Honors Thesis Credits: 3-3 Planned Offering: Fall-Winter Prerequisite: Senior major standing and honors candidacy. Instructor consent. A summary of prerequisites and requirements may be obtained at the English Department website (english.wlu.edu).
Environmental Studies
	ENV 110 - Introduction to Environmental Studies FDR: SS5 Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisite: First-year or sophomore standing or instructor consent. An interdisciplinary introduction to environmental studies with an emphasis on how societies organize themselves through their social, political and economic institutions to respond to environmental problems. The course begins with a discussion of the development of environmental thought, focusing on the relationship between humans and the environment. Participants then discuss alternative criteria for environmental decision making, including sustainability, equity, ecological integrity, economic efficiency, and environmental justice. The course concludes with an examination of contemporary environmental issues, including global warming, invasive species, energy and the environment, tropical deforestation, and the relationship between the environment and economic development in developing countries. Kahn.
	ENV 111 - Environmental Service Learning Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter, Spring Prerequisites: ENV 110 and instructor consent. Practical application of student knowledge of environmental issues based on supervised volunteer work in the greater Rockbridge community. Students will participate in a service-learning environment. Topics will include environmental education, campus sustainability, conservation and sustainable agriculture in the surrounding region. The course culminates with a paper integrating students’ knowledge with practical application throughout the term. Staff.
	ENV 180 - FS: First-Year Seminar Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered occasionally. Each first-year seminar topic is approved by the Dean of The College and the Committee on Courses and Degrees. Applicability to FDRs and other requirements varies. First-year seminar. Prerequisite: First-year standing. .
	ENV 207 - Nature and Place (REL 207) FDR: HU Credits: 3 This course explores a variety of ideas about and experiences of nature and place Through a consideration of work drawn from diverse disciplines including philosophy, religious studies, literature, art, and anthropology. Questions to be Considered may include: what is the nature of place in our societies, and is there a place for nature in our cultures? How have human beings made places for themselves to dwell in or out of nature? What might make a place a sacred place? Are there any sacred places? ( Kosky
	ENV 210 - Biogeography and Sense of Place Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Through field studies of plant species, complemented by discussions of readings that describe the history of the field of biogeography, from the early 19th century to the present, we explore the underlying evolutionary and ecological processes responsible for patterns of distribution, and the lessons this information provides for species conservation. We focus most especially on the work of Charles Darwin in his groundbreaking narrative, The Voyage of the Beagle . Students practice a variety of writing techniques to develop their own skills in observation and interpretation. Warren.
	ENV 211 - The Chesapeake Bay Watershed Service Learning Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring This course is intended to create a community partnership between Washington and Lee University’s Program in Environmental Studies, Boxerwood Nature Center, and the Natural Bridge Soil and Water Conservation District. The partnership will serve the Rockbridge County School system by supporting classroom curriculum with experiential opportunities that will encourage a more complete understanding and appreciation of the watershed and promote responsible stewardship. The course will prepare students to conduct meaningful watershed investigations that address significant issues pertaining to local watershed and the Chesapeake Bay. The course will highlight both natural and cultural entities that influence water quality in the Bay watershed. Students will participate in service projects that will draw connections between water quality and use and ultimately gain a greater understanding of the Chesapeake ecosystem, including how a sense of place and service play a role in environmental stewardship. Holter.
	ENV 212 - Land Use and Aquatic Ecosystems in the Chesapeake Watershed FDR: SC Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2013 and alternate years. Prerequisite: ENV 110 or instructor consent. This field-based course examines Chesapeake aquatic ecosystems from the headwaters through the estuary and how they are affected by human land use. Emphasis is placed on current research and management practices aimed at restoring degraded habitats and promoting sustainable land use and environmental stewardship in coastal watersheds. Humston.
	ENV 250 - Ecology of Place Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2013 and alternate years Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Think globally, study locally. This course explores globally significant environmental issues such as biodiversity conservation, sustainable delivery of ecosystem goods and services, and environmental justice, as they are manifested on a local/regional scale. We examine interactions among ethical, ecological, and economic concerns that shape these issues. Students are fully engaged in the development of policy recommendations that could guide relevant decision makers. The course incorporates readings, field trips, films, and discussions with invited experts. Cooper, Hurd.
	ENV 295 - Special Topics in Environmental Studies Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisites: ENV 110 or BIOL 111. This courses examines special topics in environmental studies, such as ecotourism, the environment and development, local environmental issues, values and the environment, global fisheries, global climate change, tropical deforestation and similar topics of importance, which could change from year to year. This is a research-intensive course where the student would be expected to write a significant paper, either individually or as part of a group, of sufficient quality to be made useful to the scholarly and policy communities. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
	ENV 381 - Global Environmental Governance: Law, Policy, and Economics Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter This seminar examines challenges to the integrity and well-being of the global environment. Its approach is interdisciplinary, drawing from economics, law, political science, and ecology. Through a series of case studies, this seminar examines the tragedy of the commons, open-access resources, the place of markets, intergenerational equality, distributive ethics, environmental racism, and the role of “law” in promoting sustainable economic regimes. The case studies are introduced on a modular basis and include, but are not limited to, climate change; trade and globalization; biodiversity and intellectual property; deforestation and poverty; marine resources; and transboundary movement of hazardous substances. Throughout, an attempt is made to understand the economic and ecological effects of extant international legal regimes and to explore how these can be improved. Kahn, Drumbl.
	ENV 390 - Special Topics: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Environmental Issues Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisites: ENV 110 and 9 credits at the 200 level or above in the environmental studies major. This course examines causes of, consequences of, and solutions to contemporary environmental problems. Though topics vary from term to term, the course has a specific focus on the integration of environmental science, policy, and thought so students understand better the cause and effect relationships that shape the interaction between human and environmental systems. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
	ENV 395 - Special Topics in Environmental Ethics Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter, Spring This course explores areas of topical concern within the field of environmental ethics. The issues explored may vary from year to year. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
	ENV 396 - Pre-Capstone Research Seminar Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Fall. Prerequisite: Declaration of a major or minor in environmental studies. In this seminar, students develop a proposal for the research that they will conduct in the subsequent Winter-term class, ENV 397. Both quantitative and qualitative research projects are encouraged and all research projects must have an interdisciplinary component. Students develop their research questions, prepare progress reports, annotated bibliographies, discussions of data, methods, and the significance of their proposed research. The final product is a complete research proposal which serves as a blueprint for the capstone research project. Students are also responsible for reviewing the work of classmates. Staff.
	ENV 397 - Senior Seminar in Environmental Studies Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisites: ENV 110 and completion of any two of the three remaining areas for the Program in Environmental Studies, and instructor consent. An interdisciplinary capstone course intended for students in the environmental studies program. Students analyze a particular environmental issue and attempt to integrate scientific inquiry, political and economic analysis and ethical implications. The particular issue changes each year. Staff.
	ENV 401 - Directed Individual Studies Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter, Spring Prerequisite: ENV-110 and instructor consent. Students undertake significant original research or creative activity in the area of environmental studies, under the direction of a faculty member. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
	ENV 402 - Directed Individual Studies Credits: 2 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter, Spring Prerequisite: ENV-110 and instructor consent. Students undertake significant original research or creative activity in the area of environmental studies, under the direction of a faculty member. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
	ENV 403 - Directed Individual Studies Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter, Spring Prerequisite: ENV-110 and instructor consent. Students undertake significant original research or creative activity in the area of environmental studies, under the direction of a faculty member. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
	ENV 493 - Honors Thesis in Environmental Studies Credits: 3-3 Planned Offering: Fall-Winter Prerequisite: Senior standing, honors candidacy, and consent of the environmental studies faculty. Honors Thesis. Staff.
Film Studies
	FILM 109 - Film Performance Laboratory Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Winter 2015 and then offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Participate as a writer, actor, cinematographer or technician in a faculty supervised film production. May be repeated for degree credit for a total of 3 credits. Spice
	FILM 195 - Topics in Film Studies FDR: HA Credits: 3 credits in Fall or Winter; 4 credits in Spring Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: Completion of FW FDR requirement, and other prerequisites may vary with topic. Selected topic in film studies, focused on one or more of film history, theory, production, or screenwriting. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Winter 2015 topics: FILM 195-01: Film: Medium of a Disintegrating World: Visual Culture and Modernity in the Weimar Republic (3). Prerequisite: Completion of FW FDR requirement. Before the advent of modern fascism, a group of prescient German Jewish intellectuals began to take film and popular culture seriously. Known as “The Frankfurt School,” they theorized possible connections between their own visual landscape and the social, political, and economic conditions of the Weimar Republic. This course revisits key writings about film from The Frankfurt School in their historical specificity and seeks to reopen the potential of their thought more generally. In a time of swiftly evolving digital media, what theoretical tools, flickers of insight, or provocation can these early scholars of popular culture offer us today? (HA) FILM 195-02: Acting for the Camera (3). Prerequisite: Completion of FW FDR requirement. A studio course designed to improve a student-actor’s ability to communicate ideas and emotions in a public forum and, in particular, for a film- and television-viewing audience. Students explore the acting techniques unique to dramatic characterization in the non-linear processes of digital film production. (HA)
	FILM 196 - Topics in Film and Literature FDR: HL Credits: 3 credits in Fall or Winter; 4 credits in Spring Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: Completion of FW FDR requirement, and other prerequisites may vary with topic. Selected topics in film and literature. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Spring 2015 topic: FILM 196: French New Wave Film (4). Prerequisite: Completion of FDR FW requirement. This course uses French language films as the basis for discussions, oral presentations and directed writing exercises. It is structured as an intensive workshop for students who would like to learn to analyze films. This course is conducted in English and all of the readings will be in English. The class will focus on French New Wave films of the 1950s and 60s and the filmmakers who revolutionized film style by experimenting with hand-held cameras, natural light and sound, and by playfully questioning accepted film techniques. Students will acquire the vocabulary to describe camera position, camera movement, and editing as the grammar and syntax of the ‘mise-en-scène.’ They will acquire a better understanding of how the composition and sequencing of images contributes to narrative development. These films are a window onto the baby boom culture of post World War II France and, as such, will provide a deeper understanding of contemporary French culture. All films are in French with English subtitles. (HL). Lambeth.
	FILM 233 - Global Cinema FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisite: Completion of FW FDR requirement. An introductory study of film taught in English and with a topical focus upon texts from a variety of global film-making traditions. The course generally emphasizes one national film tradition and, within it, may focus on major representative texts or upon a subgenre or thematic approach. In all cases, the course introduces students to fundamental issues in the history and theory of film. Staff.
	FILM 236 - Science Fiction & Fantasy: From Page to Screen and Beyond FDR: HL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2015 and alternate years. Film, almost from origins, has been fascinated by the evocation of fantasy worlds and by the effort to imagine and represent future worlds filled with technological marvels.(Film is, of course, a medium obsessed by its own technological improvements from sound and color to 30 and virtual reality.) From such major directors as Lang and Kubrick to Lucas and Spielberg, science fiction has attracted some of the finest and most innovative directors. In this course, we study major examples of this phenomenon along with the technological history and philosophical speculations contributing to it. Adams.
	FILM 250 - The Early Film Experience FDR: HA Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years. Prerequisite: Completion of the FDR FW requirement. The invention of motion picture technology at the end of the 19th century brought about the development of a new aesthetic medium in Europe and America. This course examines the origins of cinema and its “silent” era (1896-1927), focusing on the practices of spectatorship and artistic production that accompanied the growth of early film culture. Students gain an aesthetic and historical understanding of the early film experience–an experience that is remarkably “other” and yet also uncannily familiar for the 21st-century viewer. Chenoweth.
	FILM 255 - Seven-Minute Shakespeare FDR: HA Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years. Prerequisite: Completion of the FDR FW and HL requirements. After intensive collective reading and discussion of Shakespeare plays in the first week, students organize into four-person groups with the goal of producing a seven-minute video version of one of the plays by the end of the term, using only the actual text of the play. The project requires full engagement and commitment, and includes tasks such as editing and selecting from the text to produce the film script, creating storyboards, casting and recruiting actors, rehearsing, filming, editing, adding sound tracks and effects. This spring’s plays may include The Tempest, The Comedy of Errors, and Measure for Measure. To see last year’s films of Macbeth and The Taming of the Shrew, click on this link. Dobin.
	FILM 285 - Music in the Films of Stanley Kubrick FDR: HA Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2012 How does music add power and meaning to a film? What are the connections between the flow of music and the flow of a dramatic narrative? How does music enhance visual images? The course will focus on the pre-existent classical compositions chosen by Stanley Kubrick for his movies 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), A Clockwork Orange (1971), Barry Lyndon (1975), and The Shining (1980). The ability to read music is not a requirement for this course. Gaylard.
	FILM 413 - Research and Writing Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and faculty resources permit. Prerequisite: FILM 233 and at least nine additional credits for the minor. Enrollment limited to ten. A collaborative group research, writing, and/or production project for junior or senior minors, conducted in supervising faculty members’ areas of expertise, with directed independent study culminating in a substantial final project. Possible topics include global and national film, focused treatments of auteur-directors or genres, film and psychology, film and technological change, film and painting, original film production. Staff.
French
	FREN 111 - Elementary French I Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall Limited enrollment. Preference is given to first-year students with no prior preparation in French. Emphasis on listening comprehension and speaking, with gradual introduction of reading and writing. Staff.
	FREN 112 - Elementary French II Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: FREN 111 or departmental permission. Limited enrollment. Emphasis on listening comprehension and speaking, with gradual introduction of reading and writing. Staff.
	FREN 161 - Intermediate French I Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: FREN 112 or the equivalent in language skills. Extensive grammar review with acquisition of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in the classroom. The course acquaints students with French life and culture. Staff.
	FREN 162 - Intermediate French II FDR: FL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisites: FREN 161 or the equivalent in language skills and departmental permission. Extensive grammar review with practical application of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in the classroom. The course acquaints students with French life and culture. Staff.
	FREN 164 - Advanced Intermediate French FDR: FL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: Departmental permission as a result of placement examination for entering students. Students with credit in FREN 164 may not receive subsequent credit in a lower numbered French course. Students with credit in a lower numbered French course are, in general, ineligible for credit in FREN 164. Students may not receive degree credit for both FREN 162 and 164. Emphasis on reading and composition skills, with extensive practice in speaking and listening through class discussion. Some grammar review. Staff.
	FREN 172 - Supervised Study Abroad: Intermediate French Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisites: FREN 111 and 112 during the same academic year and a grade of B (3.0) or better in FREN 112. Majors in subjects other than French, including other languages, are encouraged to apply. Spring term abroad course. A period of direct exposure to the language, culture, and people of France. The program includes formal language instruction, living with a French family, excursions, and other cultural activities. In addition to weekly journal entries, students are required to adopt a neighborhood, a street, an organization, a market, etc., in their choice of surroundings. A 10-15-page easy is required on a unique aspect of their chosen subject. Students are encouraged to take advantage of their home-stay families in gathering information for this project. Staff.
	FREN 212 - Supervised Study Abroad Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisite: FREN 162, 164 or equivalent. Majors in subjects other than French, including other languages, are encouraged to apply. Spring Term Abroad course. A period of direct exposure to the language, culture, and people of France. The program includes formal language instruction, living with a French family, excursions, and other cultural activities. In addition to weekly journal entries, students are required to adopt a neighborhood, a street, an organization, a market, etc., in their choice of surroundings. A 10-15-page easy is required on a unique aspect of their chosen subject. Students are encouraged to take advantage of their home-stay families in gathering information for this project. Staff.
	FREN 213 - Atelier de conversation Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisites: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. Development of speaking skills pertaining to everyday communication. Acquisition and use of practical vocabulary. Development of pronunciation skills. Staff.
	FREN 261 - Conversation et composition: Cours avancé Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisite: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. Further development of conversational skills and beginning work in free composition, with systematic grammar review and word study in various relevant cultural contexts. Staff.
	FREN 272 - Humour et Comedie: Explorations, Jeux, Spectacles FDR: HL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisites: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. An exploration of modern French comedy and humor in theatrical works by modern and contemporary playwrights. The course culminates with a performance of student-acted and student-produced comic scenes and one act plays. Radulescu.
	FREN 273 - Introduction à l’analyse littéraire FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisite: FREN 162, FREN 164 or equivalent. An introduction to French literature and literary analysis based on a study of selected prose, poetry, and theater. Focus on textual analysis in composition and oral presentations. Staff.
	FREN 274 - Cinéma français et francophone FDR: HL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisites: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. This course uses French language films as the basis for discussions, oral presentations and directed writing exercises. It is structured as an intensive workshop for students who would like to learn to analyze films. More generally the course provides a better understanding of contemporary French culture and improves French language proficiency in reading, writing, listening, and speaking. In Spring 2012 the class focuses on French New Wave films of the 1960s and ‘70s and the filmmakers who revolutionized film style by experimenting with hand-held cameras, natural light and sound, and by playfully foregrounding film technique. Students acquire the vocabulary to describe camera position, camera movement, and editing as the grammar and syntax of the mise-en-scène.’ They acquire a better understanding of how the composition and sequencing of images contributes to narrative development. These films are a window onto the baby boom culture of post-war France and, as such, provide a deeper understanding of contemporary French culture. Lambeth.
	FREN 280 - Civilisation et culture francophones FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisites: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. A study of significant aspects of culture and civilization in francophone countries. Topics may include: contemporary Africa, pre-colonial Africa, West Indian history and culture, and Canadian contemporary issues. Readings, discussion and papers in French further development of communication skills. Staff.
	FREN 281 - Civilisation et culture françaises: Traditions et changements FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisites: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. A study of significant aspects of French culture and civilization, seen in a diachronic perspective. Emphasis on economic, sociological and historical changes that shaped present-day institutions and national identity. Readings, discussions and papers in French for further development of communication skills. Staff.
	FREN 282 - Civilisation et culture françaises: La France d’aujourd’hui FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisites: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. A study of modern France. This course examines the economic, political, social and intellectual issues which shape contemporary French life. Readings, discussions and papers in French for further development of communication skills. Staff.
	FREN 283 - Histoire des idées FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2014 Prerequisite: FREN 162, FREN 164 or equivalent. This course retraces the evolution of thought in France across centuries through the examination of intellectual, cultural and artistic movements. Readings, discussions and paper in French for further development of communication skills. Staff.
	FREN 285 - Spring Term Topics in French Civilization Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisites: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. A study of significant aspects of culture and civilization through direct experience abroad in France and/or Francophone countries. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
	FREN 295 - Atelier avancé de langue, littérature et culture Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisites: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. A third-year topics or advanced grammar workshop. Recent offerings include: Les dossiers de la presse; Regards sur la ville. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Spring 2015 topic: FREN 295: Translation and Improvisation (4). This course focuses on developing translation skills from French into English and from English into French as well as skills for simultaneous translation and bilingual improvisation It relies on literary texts as well as texts from other areas of knowledge such as philosophy or from pop culture and journalism. It is informed by various theories of translation as well as techniques of improvisation used in theater and performance. Radulescu. Spring 2015. Fall 2014 topic: FREN 295: Atelier avancé de langue, littérature et culture: Regards sur la ville (3). Prerequisites: FREN 162, 164, or equivalent. A study of the ways the city is represented through texts, literary or not, from various periods. Genres include poetry, novel and short story, maps, paintings, ads, songs, films and comic strips. Readings, discussions and papers in French for further development of communication skills. (HL) Frégnac-Clave.
	FREN 331 - Etudes thématiques FDR: HL Credits: 3 Prerequisite: Three courses at the 200 level. This course gives students a general knowledge of the evolution of French literature and ideas over the centuries through the study of one main theme. Recent offerings include: L’Exil; Regards sur la ville; Le dépaysement; Le voyage dans la literature française; L’esprit critique au XVIIIe siècle. May be repeated for degree credit if the theme is different.
	FREN 332 - Études de genre FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: Three courses at the 200 level. This course gives students a general knowledge of the evolution of French literature and ideas over the centuries through the study of a single genre, its styles and techniques. Recent offerings include: L’Essai de Montaigne Camus; Ecriture feminine/Ecriture féministe? L’amour dans la poésie lyrique; Le conte et la nouvelle. May be repeated for degree credit if the genre is different. Fall 2014 topic: FREN 332: Études de genre: Theater, Culture and Society in Modern France (3). Prerequisite: Three courses at the 200 level. An examination of the relations between modern and post-modern French society, politics, and the theatrical works that have emerged from or that testify to various historical events and periods. The readings include plays by Jean Giraudoux, Samuel Beckett, Eugene Ionesco, Fernando Arrabal, Matei Visniec, Helen Cixous, among others. (HL) Radulescu.
	FREN 333 - La Stylistique Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit Prerequisite: Three courses at the 200 level. An advanced language course intended to enhance students’ knowledge and use of sophisticated stylistic devices through specialized grammar study, translation, and composition, among other approaches. Students learn to recognize different communicative styles and to apply them practically to their increasingly sophisticated communication in French. Staff.
	FREN 341 - La France de l’Ancien Régime FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: Three courses at the 200 level. Readings in French literature and civilization from before the Revolution of 1789. May be repeated for degree credit if the topic is different. Winter 2015 topic: FREN 341: La Légende Arthurienne (3). Prerequisite: three courses at the 200 level. Corequisite: Digital Humanities (DH) 190. This course introduces students to the Arthurian narrative tradition of the medieval francophone world. We examine the origin and development of Arthur and the knights of the round table, the manuscript tradition in which these legends are transmitted, the concept of le merveilleux, and the role beasts and monsters play in the textual fabric of Arthurian material. The course project, which is completed in conjunction with the digital humanities corequisite studio, aims to create a website on the works of Marie de France, a medieval woman writer. Students learn how to encode text according to the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). The main objectives of this course are to improve students’ reading fluency in French, and to give students an introduction to the field and applications of digital humanities. (HL) McCormick
	FREN 342 - La France moderne FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: Three courses at the 200 level. Readings in French literature and civilization of the 19th and 20th centuries. Recent offerings include: La poésie moderne et contemporaine ; Théâtre de l’absurde-Théâtre de la dérision ; L’enfance et l’adolescence dans la prose française moderne. May be repeated for degree credit if the topic is different. Winter 2015 topic: FREN 342: Crime et Société: Du Fait Divers à la Série Noire (3). Prerequisites: three 200-level French courses or instructor consent. This course examines the rise of crime fiction as a popular genre in 20th-century French literature and film. We discuss public fascination with crime, criminals, detectives and victims as represented in popular literature and films. We read and discuss critical and theoretical texts to better understand the relationship between crime and society, from authors including Simenon, Steeman, Amila, Véry, Malet, Manchette, Daeninckx, Belaïd, and Vargas. Students give class presentations and write short analytical papers in French. (HL) Lambeth.
	FREN 343 - La France à travers les siècles FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: Three courses at the 200 level. Readings in French literature and civilization from across the centuries. Recent offerings: Les femmes et la comédie; L’orientalisme français; L’écriture de femmes. May be repeated for degree credit if the topic is different.
	FREN 344 - La Francophonie FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: Three courses at the 200 level. An analysis of styles, genres, and themes in relation to particular cultural contexts, as represented in literary works written in French by authors from countries other than France. Of particular interest is French language literature from Africa, the Caribbean, and Canada. May be repeated for degree credit if the topic is different. Staff.
	FREN 397 - Séminaire avancé FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: Three courses at the 200 level. The in-depth study of a topic in French literature and/or civilization. Recent offerings include: La Littérature francophone du Maghreb; La littérature Beure; La France sous l’occupation; Les femmes et l’écriture au XVIIe siècle; Les écrivains du XXe siècle et la diversité culturelle; L’affaire Dreyfus. Students are encouraged to use this course for the development of a personal project. May be repeated for degree credit when the topics are different. Fall 2014 topic: FREN 397: Séminaire avancé: La France sous l’occupation (3). Prerequisite: Three courses at the 200 level or instructor consent. A study of the German occupation of France (1939-44). This multidisciplinary, multimedia course focuses on the choices, be they military, political, economic, ethical, or a mere matter of survival, that faced the French during this bleak period, and the traces it left in memory, institutions and the arts. (HL) Frégnac-Clave.
	FREN 401 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisites: At least nine credits of 300-level French and consent of the department head. Taught In French. Nature and content of course to be determined by students’ needs and by instructors acquainted with their earlier preparation and performance. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
	FREN 402 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 2 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisites: At least nine credits of 300-level French and consent of the department head. Taught In French. Nature and content of course to be determined by students’ needs and by instructors acquainted with their earlier preparation and performance. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
	FREN 403 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisites: At least nine credits of 300-level French and consent of the department head. Taught In French. Nature and content of course to be determined by students’ needs and by instructors acquainted with their earlier preparation and performance. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. FREN 403: Directed Individual Study: L’ecriture feminine (3). L’ecriture feminine dans les oeuvres d’Helene Cixous, Marguerite Duras, Annie Ernaux, et autres femmes ecrivains de la litterature francaise. Radulescu. Winter 2015 Staff.
	FREN 493 - Honors Thesis Credits: 3-3 Planned Offering: Fall-Winter Prerequisite: Senior standing, honors candidacy, and instructor consent. Interested students should see a member of the French faculty by winter term of their junior year.
Geology
	GEOL 100 - General Geology with Field Emphasis FDR: SL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: Open to First-years or sophomores only. Instructor consent for juniors and seniors is rarely given. GEOL 100A is open to FY students only. The study of our physical environment and the processes shaping it. The materials and structure of the Earth’s crust, the origin of the landforms, the concept of geologic time, and the nature of the Earth’s interior are considered, with special emphasis on field study in the region near Lexington. No credit for students who have completed GEOL 101. Offered on occasion as a First-Year Seminar. Contact the instructor for additional information. Laboratory course. GEOL 100A: FS: General Geology with Field Emphasis (4): First-Year Seminar. Staff.
	GEOL 101 - General Geology FDR: SL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: Instructor consent required. Preference given to First-years and sophomores. The study of our physical environment and the processes shaping it. The materials and structure of the Earth’s crust, the origin of the landforms, the concept of geologic time, and the nature of the Earth’s interior are considered. No credit for students who have completed GEOL 100. Laboratory course. Staff.
	GEOL 104 - Planetary Geology FDR: SC Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2015 Large-scale geological features of the Earth are examined and compared with surface features visible on images of other planets and planetary satellites of the solar system. Features examined include those resulting from volcanism, impact cratering, and structure; eolian, fluvial, glacial and periglacial processes; and mass movement. The composition of terrestrial and lunar rocks and extraterrestrial objects is examined. Models of the origin and evolution of planets and their satellites are discussed. Mitchell.
	GEOL 105 - Earth Lab FDR: SL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisite: First-Year or sophomore standing only. The emphasis and location of the study area differs from year to year. Most course activity involves outside field work with a series of multi-day to multi-week field trips. The primary goal of this course is an in-depth introduction to a particular region or field of geological study for introductory level science students. Information about the course is made available prior to the end of the fall term. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different but only four credits may be used toward major requirements. Spring 2015 topic: GEOL 105A: Earth Lab: Historical Ecology of the Chesapeake Bay (4). A baseline for conservation and restoration efforts is needed to help set proper restoration goals and assess the success of restoration efforts. In many cases, degradation of biological communities and their physical environments takes place over longer time than a human lifespan, resulting in a shifting reference points. This course explores how to use the paleontological, archaeological, historical, and recent data to chart the decline of Chesapeake Bay communities, as well as how to apply those baselines to current restoration efforts. (SL) Leonard-Pingel, Mitchell. Spring 2015
	GEOL 141 - Global Climate Change FDR: SC Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Not offered in 2014-2015 A study of Earth’s complex climate system and the impact of human activities on future climates. Through readings, discussions, data analyses and modeling exercises, the past and future changes in temperature, ocean circulation, rainfall, storminess, biogeochemistry, glacial ice extent and sea level are explored. Greer.
	GEOL 144 - History of Geology FDR: SC Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Not offered in 2014-2015 A history of geology, from the 17th century to today. Topics include: nature of geologic time (cyclical versus linear) and duration of geologic events (uniformitarianism versus catastrophism), development of the geologic time scale, debates about the age of the Earth, continental drift and its rejection by the scientific community, and the formulation and acceptance of plate tectonics. Developments in geology are discussed in the context of various philosophies of science, including ideas promoted by Bacon, Gilbert, Chamberlin, Popper, Kuhn, and others. Rahl.
	GEOL 150 - Water Resources FDR: SC Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2015 An examination of the quality and quantity of water resources as a limiting factor for life on earth. Issues include resource depletion, pollution, historical use and over-use, remediation, habitat maintenance, and water supply mechanisms. Resource constraints are analyzed from a scientific perspective in order to understand water resource problems and envision solutions. Harbor.
	GEOL 155 - Oceanography FDR: SC Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Not offered in 2014-2015 Introduction to physical oceanography and marine geology; tides, waves, currents, and the interaction of oceans and atmosphere; submarine landscapes; and sedimentary, volcanic, and tectonic activity in the ocean basins. Greer.
	GEOL 195 - Selected Topics Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: The winter topic is open to geology majors only or by instructor consent. Selected topical coverage of various timely or general interest subject areas in geology. The topic selected varies from year to year and is announced in advance of the registration period. Topics have included impact and extinction of the dinosaurs; volcanoes and tectonics; geologic consideration in land-use planning; and the geology of national parks. May be repeated for a maximum of four credits if the topic is different.
	GEOL 197 - Selected Topics FDR: SC Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Selected topical coverage of various timely or general interest subject areas in geology. The topic selected varies from year to year and is announced in advance of the registration period. Topics have included impact and extinction of the dinosaurs; volcanoes and tectonics; geologic consideration in land-use planning; and the geology of national parks. May be repeated for a maximum of four credits if the topic is different.
	GEOL 198 - Selected Topics FDR: SL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit A laboratory course with a topical focus on a subject of timely or general interest in geology. The emphasis may differ year-to-year and is announced In advance of the registration period. The primary goal of this course is an in-depth introduction to a topic in geology for both science and non-science majors. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different but only four credits may be used toward major requirements.
	GEOL 205 - History and Evolution of the Earth Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2014 and alternate years Prerequisite: GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. An introductory examination of the origin and physical evolution of the Earth as inferred from the rock record. Areas of particular emphasis include: (1) the origin of the solar system and differentiation of the planets; (2) the evolution of the terrestrial atmosphere and hydrosphere; (3) explanations for the development of life; (4) organic evolution and interpretations of “mass extinctions;” (5) the changing configuration of continental blocks and ocean basins by continental drift, seafloor spreading, and plate tectonics; and (6) the growth of continental blocks and their mountain systems. Staff.
	GEOL 209 - Laboratory Study of the Fossil Record Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Winter 2015 and alternate years Prerequisite: GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. Examination of the fossilized remains of representative species of major groups of organisms. Emphasis is given to those organisms which, due to uneven distribution in the record, are particularly useful in interpreting the age and setting of ancient rocks. Staff.
	GEOL 211 - Earth Materials I: Rocks and Minerals Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall 2014 and alternate years Prerequisite: GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. A laboratory course introducing Earth materials, including minerals and rocks, with an emphasis on a hands-on approach to identifying and interpreting minerals and their associations in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Students learn the techniques and principles of hand sample identification, optical mineralogy and petrography, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Mitchell.
	GEOL 230 - Field Methods in the Appalachians Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2015 and alternate years Prerequisite: GEOL 100 or 101; and for geology majors only. An introduction to the study of geology in the field with special attention to the methods used by geologists to make, record, and interpret field observations. The course includes study of and field trips in the central Appalachian region. Connors.
	GEOL 231 - Environmental Field Methods Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2016 Prerequisite: Instructor consent and either GEOL 100, 101 or 105. An introduction to the study of standard methods, equipment and tools used in environmental field investigations. Special attention is given to methods used by geologists to measure, record, and report field observations associated with groundwater, surface water, soil and air. Focus is given to the validity of data obtained using various investigative strategies as well as data handling and presentation. The course has an intensive field component using the local watershed as a model environmental system. Harbor.
	GEOL 240 - Hydrology Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Winter 2015 Prerequisite: GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. Systems and processes of water movement on and below the Earth’s surface. Encompasses the theoretical and applied aspects of soil moisture, runoff, flooding, groundwater movement, and water-well use. Numerical evaluation of flow properties from field and lab data describing water movement in soils, aquifers, and streams. Laboratory course. Low.
	GEOL 247 - Geomorphology Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall 2014 Prerequisite: GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. Investigation of landforms from maps, aerial photographs, digital data, and the analysis of the surficial processes by which they are formed. Laboratory activities include identification and interpretation of topography, field measurements of landscape form and process, and a required weekend field trip. Laboratory course. Harbor.
	GEOL 250 - Structural Geology and Tectonics Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Winter 2016 and alternate years Prerequisite: MATH 101 and GEOL 100, GEOL 101 or GEOL 105. Description and methods of analysis of large- and small-scale structural features of the Earth’s crust. Topics also include the analysis of geometry, strain and stress as they relate to deformation in the earth. Rock mechanics, application of structural geology in environmental engineering and resource exploration, geometric and computational techniques used in structural analysis, interpretation of geologic maps, and the structural development of mountain systems are also covered. Laboratory course. Rahl.

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Course Descriptions

ENGL 358 - Literature by Women Before 1800

ENGL 359 - Literature by Women of Color

ENGL 360 - Cowboys and Indians

ENGL 361 - Native American Literatures

ENGL 362 - American Romanticism

ENGL 363 - American Poetry from 1900 to 1945

ENGL 364 - American Poetry at Mid-Century

ENGL 365 - Studies in Contemporary Poetry

ENGL 366 - African-American Literature

ENGL 367 - 19th-Century American Novel

ENGL 368 - The Modern American Novel

ENGL 369 - Contemporary American Fiction

ENGL 370 - Literary Theory

ENGL 373 - Hitchcock

ENGL 380 - Advanced Seminar

ENGL 382 - Hotel Orient

ENGL 384 - Ireland in Literature, History, and Film

ENGL 385 - Preparatory Reading for Study Abroad

ENGL 386 - Supervised Study in Great Britain

ENGL 388 - Exploring the West of Ireland

ENGL 403 - Directed Individual Study

ENGL 413 - Senior Research and Writing

ENGL 453 - Internship in Literary Editing with Shenandoah

ENGL 493 - Honors Thesis

ENV 110 - Introduction to Environmental Studies

ENV 111 - Environmental Service Learning

ENV 180 - FS: First-Year Seminar

ENV 207 - Nature and Place

ENV 210 - Biogeography and Sense of Place

ENV 211 - The Chesapeake Bay Watershed Service Learning

ENV 212 - Land Use and Aquatic Ecosystems in the Chesapeake Watershed

ENV 250 - Ecology of Place

ENV 295 - Special Topics in Environmental Studies

ENV 381 - Global Environmental Governance: Law, Policy, and Economics

ENV 390 - Special Topics: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Environmental Issues

ENV 395 - Special Topics in Environmental Ethics

ENV 396 - Pre-Capstone Research Seminar

ENV 397 - Senior Seminar in Environmental Studies

ENV 401 - Directed Individual Studies

ENV 402 - Directed Individual Studies

ENV 403 - Directed Individual Studies

ENV 493 - Honors Thesis in Environmental Studies

FILM 109 - Film Performance Laboratory

FILM 195 - Topics in Film Studies

FILM 196 - Topics in Film and Literature

FILM 233 - Global Cinema

FILM 236 - Science Fiction & Fantasy: From Page to Screen and Beyond

FILM 250 - The Early Film Experience

FILM 255 - Seven-Minute Shakespeare

FILM 285 - Music in the Films of Stanley Kubrick

FILM 413 - Research and Writing

FREN 111 - Elementary French I

FREN 112 - Elementary French II

FREN 161 - Intermediate French I

FREN 162 - Intermediate French II

FREN 164 - Advanced Intermediate French

FREN 172 - Supervised Study Abroad: Intermediate French

FREN 212 - Supervised Study Abroad

FREN 213 - Atelier de conversation

FREN 261 - Conversation et composition: Cours avancé

FREN 272 - Humour et Comedie: Explorations, Jeux, Spectacles

FREN 273 - Introduction à l’analyse littéraire

FREN 274 - Cinéma français et francophone

FREN 280 - Civilisation et culture francophones

FREN 281 - Civilisation et culture françaises: Traditions et changements

FREN 282 - Civilisation et culture françaises: La France d’aujourd’hui

FREN 283 - Histoire des idées

FREN 285 - Spring Term Topics in French Civilization

FREN 295 - Atelier avancé de langue, littérature et culture

FREN 331 - Etudes thématiques

FREN 332 - Études de genre

FREN 333 - La Stylistique

FREN 341 - La France de l’Ancien Régime

FREN 342 - La France moderne

FREN 343 - La France à travers les siècles

FREN 344 - La Francophonie

FREN 397 - Séminaire avancé

FREN 401 - Directed Individual Study

FREN 402 - Directed Individual Study