2014-2015 University Catalog

May 11, 2024

2014-2015 University Catalog archived

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History
	HIST 223 - International Relations, 1815-1918: Europe and the World FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2015 and alternate years Topics include the “Metternich system” for maintaining peace, strains in that system caused by the rise of nationalism, European relations with Africa and Asia during the era of Free Trade, the dramatic expansion of Europe’s colonial empires in the late-19th century (with special emphasis on the partition of Africa), the development of rival alliance systems within Europe, and the causes of the First World War. Our goal is to understand the causes of international conflict and the most successful strategies for maintaining peace. Patch.
	HIST 224 - International Relations, 1919-1970: The End of European Hegemony FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2016 and alternate years Topics include the Versailles peace settlement of 1919, the spread of the British Empire to the Middle East and birth of Palestinian nationalism, the impact of the Great Depression and totalitarianism on international relations, the outbreak of the Second World War, the Holocaust and foundation of the State of Israel, the Nuremberg Trials, decolonization in Africa and Asia, the origins of the Cold War, and the foundation of the European Economic Community. What have Europeans learned about conflict resolution from their experience of two world wars and numerous colonial wars? Patch.
	HIST 226 - European Intellectual History, 1880 to 1960 FDR: HU Credits: 3 The central ideas of Darwin, Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud, and the responses by the religious and cultural establishment to these subversive thinkers. Patch.
	HIST 228 - Women in Russian History FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2016 and every third year. Students read many accounts by and about Russian women to gain an understanding of how Russian women have been affected by wars, revolutions, and other major events and, simultaneously, how they have been agents of change from the beginnings Russian history up to the present. Bidlack.
	HIST 229 - Topics in European History FDR: HU Credits: 3 credit in fall or winter; 4 in spring) A course offered from time to time depending on student interest and staff availability, on a selected topic or problem in European history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Winter 2015 topics: HIST 229-01: Objects of Desire: The Origins of Consumer Culture (3). This course explores how global products (particularly “exotic” foods and medicines) imported into Western Europe after the Age of Exploration initiated new patterns of production, consumption, and trade throughout the globe. Students examine how ownership and consumption of global objects normalized concepts such as: advertising, global commercial networks, cosmopolitism, social class, empire, consumerism, and black markets. (HU) HIST 229-02: Blood, Sex, and Sermons: The History of the Reformations in Britain (3). The Reformation of the 16th century shattered the once unitary religious cultures of early modern England and Scotland. Although important continuities remained, the introduction of Protestantism wrought dramatic effects on society and culture in both countries, including intense conflicts over the nature of salvation, the burning of martyrs, the hunting of witches, religious migrations in and out of Britain, a reorientation of foreign policy, changes in marriage and baptismal practices, and more. In this course, we explore the lives and legacies of some of history’s most fascinating figures, from Henry VIII and Thomas Cromwell in England to Mary Queen of Scots and John Knox in Scotland, while also constantly questioning how ordinary English and Scottish men and women experienced the Reformation and its aftermath. (HU) Fall 2014 topic: HIST 229-01: Seminar: The Age of the Witch Hunts (3). This course introduces students to one of the most fascinating and disturbing events in the history of the Western world: The witch hunts in early modern Europe and North America. Between 1450 and 1750, more than 100,000 individuals, from Russia to Salem, were prosecuted for the crime of witchcraft. Most were women, and more than half were executed. In this course, we examine the political, religious, social and legal reasons behind the trials, asking why they occurred in Europe when they did, and why they finally ended. We also explore, in brief, global witch hunts that still occur today in places like Africa and India, asking how they resemble yet differ from those of the early-modern world. (HU) Brock. HIST 229-02: The Great War in History and Literature (3). No prerequisites. To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the outbreak of the First World War, this course analyzes different forms of personal testimony about the experience of that war, including a famous autobiography by a British officer who became an ardent pacifist, Robert Graves, an autobiographical novel by the fiercely patriotic German soldier Ernst Juenger, a collection of poems by British women who worked on the “home front,” and a useful theoretical work based on a close reading of hundreds of works by French combat veterans. In class discussions will seek to develop standards to assess the reliability and historical authenticity of such testimony. Students will be write three short papers on the required readings and choose another “witness” of special interest to them as the subject for a ten-page term paper. Students with some background in twentieth-century English, German, or French literature are welcome in this course alongside all those interested in the history of the First World War. (HU) Patch
	HIST 233 - U.S.-Latin American Relations from 1825 to Present FDR: HU Credits: 3 Examines the historical interaction between Latin America and the United States from Spanish American Independence in 1825 to the present. Explores the political, social, cultural, economic, and ecological dimensions of this relationship, focusing on such key themes as imperialism, development, military-state relations, the environment, the war on drugs, science and technology, and human rights. Gildner.
	HIST 234 - Nations and Nationalism (SOAN 234) FDR: SS4 Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2016 and alternate years. This course examines the rise and global spread of national identity over the last five centuries by considering cases from Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas and using these to test major theories of nationalism from history and the social sciences. Major questions considered include the following: What, if any, are the empirically identifiable relationships between national identity and other major dimensions of “modernization,” such as the rise of the modern state and industrial capitalism? Is nationalism a cause, consequence, or victim of “globalization”? Can we construct a theory of the spread of national identity that not only makes sense of macro-level patterns but also articulates clear “microfoundations” and identifiable causal mechanisms? Eastwood.
	HIST 238 - Anthropology of American History (SOAN 238) FDR: SS4 Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2015 and alternate years Prerequisite: Instructor consent. This course explores issues within historic American communities that ethnographers often investigate among living groups, including cultural values, religious ideologies, class structures, kinship networks, gender roles, and interethnic relations. Although the communities of interest in this course ceased to exist generations ago, many of their characteristic dynamics are accessible through such means as archaeology, architectural history, and the study of documents. Case studies include early English settlement in Plymouth, Mass.; the 18th-century plantation world of Virginia and South Carolina; the post-Revolutionary Maine frontier and 19th-century California. Bell.
	HIST 240 - Early American History to 1788 FDR: HU Credits: 3 An intensive study of the political, constitutional, economic and social development of British North America from European discovery through the American Revolution and the years of the Confederation government. DeLaney.
	HIST 242 - The United States, 1789-1840 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2013 The political, constitutional, economic and social history of the United States from the beginning of Washington’s first term as president to the end of Van Buren’s only term. Launching the Republic; Hamiltonian economic program; the first party system; the Revolution of 1800, the second war for independence; the second party system; westward expansion; Nullification; the Bank War; and the second Great Awakening. Merchant.
	HIST 244 - The Art of Command during the American Civil War FDR: HU Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2015 and alternate years Prerequisite: Instructor consent required. Most appropriate for students who have completed HIST 245 or HIST 269:The Evolution of American Warfare. This seminar examines the role of military decision-making, the factors that shape it and determine its successes and failures, by focusing on four Civil War battles: Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and Wilderness. Extensive reading and writing. Battlefield tours. Myers.
	HIST 245 - The American Civil War FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2014 The sectional crisis. The election of 1860 and the secession of the southern states. Military strategy and tactics. Weapons, battles, leaders. Life of the common soldier. The politics of war. The economics of growth and destruction. Emancipation. Life behind the lines. Victory and defeat. Myers.
	HIST 246 - American Experience with Guerrilla Warfare and Insurgency FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2015 and alternate years. This course dives headlong into the chaotic, destructive, and brutally violent world that has been American Involvement with irregular warfare. Over the past 400 years, Americans have trained guerrillas, fought as irregulars, and sparked armed insurrections. This course looks at the broad typology of violence known as irregular warfare, including insurrections, violent revolutions, partisan and guerrilla warfare, U.S. Army/Native American conflict, and 20th-century insurgency and low-intensity conflict. Myers.
	HIST 247 - America in the Gilded Age, 1870-1900 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2016 and alternate years A survey of the transformation of American society under the impact of industrialization and urbanization. It examines how business leaders, workers, farmers, and the middle class attempted to shape the new industrial society to their own purposes. Emphasis is given to social, intellectual, and cultural experiences and to politics. Senechal.
	HIST 248 - Populism, Progressivism, and the New Deal FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2015 The period between 1890 and 1937 has been called America’s “Age of Reform.” This intermediate-level course focuses on three key moments in this critical period in American History: the Populist Uprising of the late 19th century; the early-20th century Progressive Movement; and the New Deal of the 1930s. Topics include woman suffrage, economic reform, temperance and prohibition, agricultural reform, the income tax, liberalism, conservatism, and the growth of the national state. Michelmore.
	HIST 253 - Gay and Lesbian Life in 20th-Century United States FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2015 An intensive study of the gay and lesbian experience, with some focus on bisexual and transgendered persons. This course also traces social perceptions of homosexuality from the beginning of the 20th century through the cultural and religious wars of the early 21st century. DeLaney.
	HIST 257 - History of Women in America, 1609-1870 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2015 and alternate years An examination of women’s social, political, cultural and economic positions in America through the immediate post-Civil War. Changes in women’s education, legal status, position in the family, and participation in the work force with emphasis on the diversity of women’s experience, especially the manner in which class and race influenced women’s lives. The growth of organized women’s rights. Senechal.
	HIST 258 - History of Women in America, 1870 to the Present FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2014 and alternate years A survey of some of the major topics and themes in American women’s lives from the mid-19th century to the present, including domestic and family roles, economic contributions, reproductive experience, education, suffrage, and the emergence of the contemporary feminist movement. The influence on women’s roles, behavior, and consciousness by the social and economic changes accompanying industrialization and urbanization and by variations in women’s experience caused by differences in race, class, and region. Senechal.
	HIST 259 - The History of the African-American People to 1877 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2015 and alternate years An intensive study of the African-American experience from the colonial period through Reconstruction. Special emphasis is given to the slave experience, free blacks, black abolitionists, development of African-American culture, Emancipation, Black Reconstruction, and racial attitudes. DeLaney.
	HIST 260 - The History of the African-American People since 1877 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2014 and alternate years An intensive study of the African-American experience from 1877 to the present. Special emphasis is given to the development of black intellectual and cultural traditions, development of urban communities, emergence of the black middle class, black nationalism, the civil rights era, and the persistence of racism in American society. DeLaney.
	HIST 262 - The Old South to 1860 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2016 A study of the making of the Old South. Slavery. Antebellum political, economic, social, and cultural developments. The origins and growth of sectionalism. Myers.
	HIST 263 - The South Since 1877 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Restoration of conservative control. The New South Creed. Tenant farms and mill villages. The agrarian revolt and the Populist party. Racial segregation. Progressives and Dixie demagogues. The Great Depression and the New Deal. The crusade for civil rights. Economic and political transformation since 1945. Staff.
	HIST 267 - Mapping the American City: Metropolitan History and GIS in the 20th Century FDR: HU Credits: 4 This course provides students with an opportunity to consider the major spatial processes in 20th-century metropolitan history through a local lens by using historical maps, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis techniques to understand and map 20th-century Roanoke history. Specific topics may include “white flight,” industrial deconcentration, deindustrialization, suburbanization, segregation, transportation and urban renewal. Students learn to develop and test research questions as well as the foundations of geographic information science. Michelmore.
	HIST 268 - Building a Suburban Nation: Race, Class, and Politics in Postwar America FDR: HU Credits: 3 Together, the overdevelopment of the suburbs and the underdevelopment of urban centers have profoundly shaped American culture, politics and society in the post-WWII period. This course examines the origins and consequences of suburbanization after 1945. Topics include the growth of the national state, the origins and consequences of suburbanization, the making of the white middle class, the War on Poverty, welfare and taxpayers “rights” movements, “black power,” and how popular culture has engaged with questions about race and class. In the process of understanding the historical roots of contemporary racial and class advantage and disadvantage, this course will shed new light on contemporary public policy dilemmas. Michelmore.
	HIST 269 - Topics in United States, Latin American or Canadian History FDR: HU Credits: 3 in fall or winter; 4 in spring A course offered from time to time, depending on student interest and staff availability, on a selected topic or problem in United States, Latin American or Canadian history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Spring 2015 topics: HIST 269-01: The Freedom Ride. (4). An intensive study of the Civil Rights Movement through the lens of the Freedom Riders. This reading- and writing-intensive four-week study includes a two-week tour of major Civil Rights protest sites in the lower Southern United States. (HU) DeLaney. HIST 269-02: Topic in U.S. History: Morning in America? Society, Culture, and Politics (4). An in-depth analysis of the United States during the Reagan presidency. While the bulk of the course focuses on the 1980s, it also provides an overview of the 1960s and 1970s and culminates with an evaluation of the legacy of the decade in contemporary America. Rather than studying a single theme across a long period of time, this class is designed to provide students with a variety of thematic approaches within a more confined time-period. Accordingly, while the focus is on national politics, we explore the impact of the decade on economic, social, environmental, religious, cultural, diplomatic, and political history. One of the key questions this class attempts to answer through the various thematic approaches is: How conservative were the 1980s? (HU) Michelmore. Spring 2015 Fall 2014 topics: HIST 269A: The American Century: U.S. History, 1945 to the Present (3). This course explores the history of the United States after World War II – a period sometimes referred to as the “American Century.” Major topics include the Bomb, the rise and fall of American liberalism, the Cold War at home and abroad, suburbanization and the consumer culture, race and civil rights, feminism, anti-feminism, the gay and lesbian liberation movement, Vietnam and foreign policy, the rise of conservatism and neoliberalism, and the challenges of globalization. (HU) Michelmore. HIST 269B: Afro-Latin America (3). This class examines the intrinsic role that African peoples have played in the historical formation of the geographic and cultural area known as Latin America. We survey the history of African descendant people in the Americas, from the forced migration of the Atlantic slave trade to the Haitian Revolution; from the sugar plantation to the city street; from Brazilian Samba in the 1920s to the emergence of salsa music in Spanish Harlem in the 1970s. Topics include: slavery, the Haitian Revolution and its legacy, debates on “racial democracy,” and the relationship between gender, race, and empire. (HU) Gildner. HIST 269C: Slavery in the Americas (3). An intensive examination of slavery, abolition movements, and emancipation in North America, the Caribbean and Latin America. Emphasis is on the use of primary sources and class discussion of assigned readings. Writing requirements are lighter for this 269-level as opposed to the 366 course. (HU) Delaney. Winter 2015 topic: HIST 269: The American Experience with Guerrilla Warfare and Insurgency (3). Appropriate for juniors and seniors. This course dives headlong into the chaotic, destructive and brutally violent world that has been American involvement with irregular warfare. Over the past 400 years Americans have trained guerrillas, fought as irregulars, and sparked armed insurrections. This course looks at the broad typology of violence known as irregular warfare, including insurrections, violent revolutions, partisan and guerrilla warfare, U.S. Army/Native American conflict and 20th-century insurgency and low-intensity conflict. How do we define guerrilla warfare? Who chooses to become an irregular? Why do they do so? These are just a few questions we will engage. (HU) Myers.
	HIST 273 - East Africa: A Thousand Years FDR: HU Credits: 3 Detailed study of East Africa (the area today occupied by Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda) during the past millennium. Topics include the Swahili city-states of the coast, farming and herding societies of the Rift Valley, Great Lakes kingdoms, Zanzibar Sultanate, European colonial rule, and successes and failures of modern nation-states. Staff.
	HIST 274 - Histories of Everything FDR: HU Credits: 4 Intensive reading and analysis of diverse works of world history and “universal history.” Students develop understanding of historiographical traditions and develop their own framework for thinking about the human past. Staff.
	HIST 275 - World Military History: Akkad to Zulu FDR: HU Credits: 3 History of warfare from its first appearance in human societies to the dawn of the Industrial Revolution. Focus on military systems as constantly evolving blends of organization, technology, strategy, and tactics. We also study how these systems have influenced - and been influenced by - politics, economics, religion, culture, and the environment. Substantial time is devoted to nonwestern military systems of Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Staff.
	HIST 284 - Visions of Japan’s Empire in East Asia: 19th-Century Origins through World War II FDR: HU Credits: 3 Japan’s 19th-century imperial system ensured its status as the only major non-western “great power” in the first half of the 20th century. Within the space of its fifty years of existence (1895-1945), imperial Japan underwent radical political, social and cultural transformations that had equally profound effects on East Asian and world history, culminating in World War II. The course explores these distinctive transformations, which constitute Japan’s theory and practice of political and cultural imperialism, through an analysis of text and image, from which the class constructs a website. Bello.
	HIST 285 - Seminar: The Yin and Yang of Gender in Late Imperial China (10th-19th centuries) FDR: HU Credits: 3 Relations between men and women are the basis of any human society, but the exact nature and interpretation of these relations differ from time to time and from place to place. The concepts of Yin (female) and Yang (male) were integral to the theory and practice of Chinese gender relations during the late imperial period, influencing marriage, medicine and law. This course examines the historical significance of late-imperial gender relations across these, and other, categories from both traditional and modern perspectives. Bello.
	HIST 287 - Supervised Study Abroad: Athens (CLAS 287) FDR: HU Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Not offered in 2014-2015. Prerequisite: Permission of department. Classics and History of Greece. A survey of the development of art, archaeology, history, and literature in ancient and modern Greece, with an emphasis on the relationship between past and present conceptions of Greek identity. Gildner, Laughy.
	HIST 289 - Topics in Asian, African, or Islamic History FDR: HU Credits: 3 in fall or winter; 4 in spring A course offered from time to time depending on student interest and staff availability, on a selected topic or problem in Asian or African history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Spring 2015 topic: HIST 289: Literacy Past and Present (4). This course explores the course question, “What does literacy mean?” In recent years, the once-accepted concept of literacy has been challenged: no longer is the simple, positive narrative viewed as having a direct, linear causal relation to expected social changes. Taking a historical approach, students gain a general understanding of the history of literacy with China as the main (but not only) case study. Key topics include communications, language, family and demographic behavior, economic development, urbanization, institutions, literacy campaigns, political and personal changes, and the uses of reading and writing. Our overall goal is to obtain a new and critical understanding of the place of literacy and literacies in social development. (HU) Luo. Winter 2015 topic: HIST 289-01: Modern China: Revolutions and Their Aftermath (3). This course provides a general but analytical introduction to the development of China during the 20th century. We review key revolutions that transformed China from a dynastic empire to a western-style nation-state—firstly Republic of China in 1912 and then People’s Republic of China in 1949. And we examine the impact on everyday life brought by politico-economic development. With the general empirical information and interpretations about 20th-century China explored in this course, you become capable of making your own judgment about the chief historical themes, trends, and causes of events that have produced China at the beginning of the 21st century. (HU) Luo Fall 2014 topic: HIST 289: Seminar: Africa in Western Imagination (3). From benefit concerts to AIDS charities to study abroad literature, Africa is everywhere. And yet it is frequently explained only in absence or in suffering. Rather than being a place that is defined by what it is, often Africa is viewed by what it is not, and the term ‘Afro-pessimism’ has been coined by some to criticize such solely negative depictions of a vast and varied continent. What, then, is ‘Africa’: a location on a map, a geographical boundary? Who are ‘Africans’? What does the idea mean and how is it used? This course draws on literature and popular culture to discuss the very idea of ‘Africa’ and how the concept has been created, redefined, re-imagined, and (de)constructed in differing times and spaces. (HU) Tallie.
	HIST 295 - Seminar: Topics in History FDR: HU Credits: 3 in fall or winter; 4 in spring Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. A seminar offered from time to time depending on student interest and staff availability, in a selected topic or problem in history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Spring 2015 topics: HIST 295-01: Europe, Africa, and the 18th-Century Search for the Blue Nile (4). This course follows the extraordinary journey of 18th-century naturalist James Bruce as he endeavored to discover the source of the Blue Nile. Bruce’s expedition takes us through the Iberian Peninsula, the Levant, and eventually into the Horn of Africa. Using an original copy of Bruce’s Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile (1790) in Leyburn Library’s Special Collections, we explore topics such as the history of science and print, early modern travel, and race in the scientific imagination. During this course, students curate a digital exhibition based on Bruce’s journey. (HU) Stillo. HIST 295B-01: Scientist as Political Leader (4). From the founding of the American Republic until today, a profound change has occurred in the educational background and professional training of US political leaders. While today nearly all are lawyers and/or businessmen, during the first half of America’s history many of the nation’s political figures had a background in science. Through the 20th century and into the 21st, the importance of science and technology in society has grown exponentially but, ironically, even the most elementary scientific literacy is no longer expected of presidents. How did this disconnect take place? The course also asks how the US contrasts with Great Britain and the European Continent. Two of Europe’s most remarkable political leaders of the past few decades, Margaret Thatcher and Angela Merkel, brought a scientific background to highest political office. We conclude by considering the policy consequences of the presence or absence of scientific literacy among the West’s political elite, focusing on such issues as climate change and energy. (HU) Rupke Fall 2014 topic: HIST 295-01: Seminar: Art and Science from Leonardo Until Today. (3). Art and science are commonly assumed to be two distinct parts of our culture, requiring different talents, skills and even temperaments, and often taught in separate institutions. This distinction, however, has not always been so clear. In this seminar, we explore common denominators in art and science from Leonardo until today, focusing on the manifold ways in which science has been made part of art and art of science. We single out the Romantic Movement, and highlight great names in the holistic practice of art and science such as Coleridge, Goethe, Alexander von Humboldt, and Ernst Haeckel. Moreover, we address how increasingly possible commonalities in artistic and scientific creativity have been discussed in terms of perception, representation, and the science of the brain. (HU, pending faculty approval) Rupke.
	HIST 305 - Seminar: Religion, Church, and Politics in Medieval and Renaissance Society FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: HIST 100, 201, 202, or 203, or consent of the instructor. The seminar draws on primary and secondary sources to examine the rise of Christianity in Europe, church-state relations, scholastic theology, mendicant piety, lay religious life, mysticism, heresy, humanism, gender and religion, urban and rural contexts, and church reform. Peterson.
	HIST 306 - Seminar: Medieval and Renaissance Political Thought FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: HIST 100, 201, 202, or 203, or instructor consent. The seminar draws on primary and secondary sources to survey the evolution of legal and political thought from St. Augustine to Machiavelli. Topics include church-state relations, scholasticism, the revivals of Greek and Roman thought, and humanism. Readings include St. Augustine, John of Salisbury, Thomas Aquinas, Marsilius of Padua, Leonardo Bruni, and Niccolò Machiavelli. Peterson.
	HIST 307 - Seminar: The Machiavellian Moment FDR: HU Credits: 4 A close examination of the republican vision of history and politics elaborated by Machiavelli in his major writings, analyzed in the political, social, religious, literary and artistic contexts of late Renaissance Italy. Peterson.
	HIST 309 - Seminar: The French Revolution FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2015 Prerequisite: Sophomore, junior, or senior standing. The French Revolution is one of the most fascinating and momentous events in European history. At once “the best of times” and “the worst of times,” the Revolution was both the origin of modern democracy and a period of tremendous political violence - indeed, some say it is the origins of totalitarianism. In this seminar, we study the following questions: What are the origins of the Revolution? How did a revolution that began with proclamations of human rights turn into one of mass bloodshed in just a few short years? How did a desire for democracy lead to political violence? What was the nature of the Terror, and how can we understand it? We also examine how various schools of history have interpreted the Revolution, as well as the legacy of the Revolution. Horowitz.
	HIST 312 - Seminar on Nazism and the Third Reich FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2014 and alternate years Prerequisite: HIST 102, 214, 215, or 224 or equivalent. Common readings introduce students to some of the most lively debates among scholars about the causes of the failure of democracy in the Weimar Republic, the mentality of Nazi leaders and followers, the nature of the regime created by the Nazis in 1933, the impact of the Third Reich on the position of women in German society, and the degree to which the German people supported this regime’s policies of war and racial persecution. Students develop a research topic related to one of these debates for analysis in a substantial research paper utilizing both primary and secondary sources. Patch.
	HIST 319 - Seminar on The Great War in History and Literature FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2014 Prerequisite: HIST 102, 213, 218, or 223 or equivalent. An advanced seminar in which students analyze different kinds of written accounts of the First World War (memoirs, autobiographical novels, poems, and diaries) by different kinds of participants, including common soldiers, government leaders, and women who worked on the “home front.” In class discussions and two short papers, students evaluate the reliability of these witnesses and what the historian can learn from them about the psychological, cultural, and political consequences of the First World War in Great Britain, France, and Germany. Students choose one question raised in our common meetings for more detailed investigation in a substantial research paper integrating primary and secondary sources. Patch.
	HIST 322 - Seminar in Russian History Credits: 3 credits in fall or winter, 4 in spring Planned Offering: Winter 2014 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. Note: Completion of HIST 102 or 221 is recommended but not required prior to taking HIST 322. Selected topics in Russian history, including but not limited to heroes and villains, Soviet biography, Stalin and Stalinism, the USSR in the Second World War and origins of the Cold War, the KGB, and the decline and fall of the Soviet Union and the re-emergence of Russia. May be repeated for degree and major credit if the topics are different. Bidlack.
	HIST 337 - Seminar: Revolutions in Latin America FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2015 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. Detailed analysis of 20th-century revolutionary movements in Latin America. Examines historical power struggles, social reforms, and major political changes, with in-depth exploration of Mexico, Bolivia, Cuba, Peru, Chile, and Nicaragua. Explores the social movements and ideologies of under-represented historical actors, such as peasants, guerrillas, artists, workers, women, students, and indigenous people. Gildner.
	HIST 339 - Seminar: Natives and Strangers FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2014 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. An intensive study of the earliest contacts between the eastern tribes of North America and new arrivals from Europe and Africa. Student research papers include primary source materials. DeLaney.
	HIST 344 - Seminar on The United States, 1840-1860 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2015 and alternate years Note: Appropriate for juniors and seniors. An intensive examination of the sectional conflict: the Mexican War, Manifest Destiny, slavery and the territories, the abolition movement, the failure of compromise, and secession. Emphasis on the study of primary sources and class discussion of assigned reading. Myers.
	HIST 346 - Seminar on Reconstruction, 1865-1877 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2015 and alternate years. Note: Appropriate for juniors and seniors. Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and the restoration of the Union. Congressional Reconstruction and the crusade for black equality. Impeachment of the President. Reconstruction in the South. The politics and violence of military occupation. Collapse of Republican governments and restoration of conservative control. Implications for the future. Myers.
	HIST 350 - Seminar: Going Nuclear: American Society, Culture and Politics in the Cold War Era FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. This seminar offers a topical survey of the popular culture, social changes, and domestic politics of the Cold War United States. Themes covered in this course include the dawn of the atomic age, the social and cultural anxieties produced by the Cold War, the privatization of suburban family life, the problems of historical memory, the boundaries of political dissent, and the relationship between international and domestic politics. This course pays special attention to how popular culture responded to, interpreted, and shaped key episodes in the recent national past. Michelmore.
	HIST 354 - Seminar: The History of the American Welfare State FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. This course surveys the history of the U.S. welfare state from its origins in the poorhouses of the nineteenth century to the “end of welfare as we knew it” in 1996. The historical development of the American welfare state is covered, touching on such key policy developments as Progressive Era mothers’ pension programs, the Social Security Act of 1935, Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty, and the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act. Although this course focuses primarily on the United States, students are also asked to compare the U.S. case with the welfare states of other western democracies - including Great Britain, France and the Scandinavian nations - to understand how and why the United States took such a different path. Moving beyond simple policy history, students engage such questions as how the U.S. welfare state has reflected, reinforced, and in some cases produced class, racial, and gendered identities. Michelmore.
	HIST 355 - Seminar: America in the 1960s: History and Memory FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2014 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. Hippies, Flower Power, Panthers, Berkeley, Free Love, Free Speech, Freedom Rides, Dylan, Woodstock, Vietnam, Jimi, Janice, Bobby and Martin. The events and images of the 1960s remain a powerful and often divisive force in America’s recent history and national memory. This course moves beyond these stereotypical images of the “Sixties” to examine the decade’s politics, culture and social movements. Topics include: the Civil Rights and Black Power movements, the Great Society and the War on Poverty, Vietnam, the Anti-War movement and the Counterculture, Massive Resistance, the “Silent Majority” and the Rise of the Conservative Right. Michelmore.
	HIST 361 - The History of Violence in America (SOAN 361) FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2015 and alternate years Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. An examination of the social origins, evolution, and major forms of extralegal, violent conflict in the United States, including individual and collective violence and conflict related to race, class, gender, politics, and ethnicity, especially emphasizing the 19th and 20th centuries. Major topics include theories of social conflict, slavery and interracial violence, predatory crime, labor strife, and inter-ethnic violence. Senechal.
	HIST 364 - Seminar on the Origins of the Constitution FDR: HU Credits: 3 Note: Appropriate for juniors and seniors. An examination of the historical origins and development to 1791 of the Federal Constitution, including English and colonial backgrounds, state constitutions, the Articles of Confederation, drafting and ratification of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Merchant.
	HIST 366 - Seminar: Slavery in the Americas FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. An intensive examination of slavery, abolition movements and emancipation in North America, the Caribbean and Latin America. Emphasis is on the use of primary sources and class discussion of assigned readings. DeLaney.
	HIST 367 - Seminar in American Social History (SOAN 367) FDR: HU Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. An examination of selected topics in the social history of the United States. Requirements include a major research paper based on original source material. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Senechal.
	HIST 376 - Seminar: Africa, Science, and Development FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. History of science-based development projects in Africa during the past hundred years. We study the origins and transformations of the idea of development, focusing on its scientific, cultural, and political roles in African societies. Staff.
	HIST 377 - Seminar: Congo, Rwanda, and The Modern World FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. Examines how this seemingly remote region became the inspiration for the first modern human rights campaign, the source of the uranium used to build the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, a hot spot in the Cold War, and the setting for a genocide that spilled over into an “African World War” fueled by intricate links between African resources and the global economy. Staff.
	HIST 378 - African Feminisms FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2015 and alternate years. Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. This course critically examines the idea of African feminisms by looking at many different intersections of time, place. and position for African women. This traces multiple ways in which African women have sought to challenge patriarchal roles in both precolonial and (post)colonial contexts. Students leave not with an understanding of a singular or aspirational African feminism but rather with an appreciation of the ways in which African women have and continue to challenge. reframe, and negotiate a variety of social and political positions. Tallie.
	HIST 386 - Seminar: Managing Mongols, Manchus, and Muslims: China’s Frontier History (16th-20th Centuries) FDR: HU Credits: 3 The unprecedented expansionism of China’s last dynasty, the Qing (1644-1911), produced an ethnically and geographically diverse empire whose legacy is the current map and multiethnic society of today’s People’s Republic of China. The Qing Empire’s establishment, extension and consolidation were inextricably bound up with the ethnic identity of its Manchu progenitors. The Manchu attempt to unify diversity resulted in a unique imperial project linking East, Inner and Southeast Asia. This course explores the multiethnic nature and limits of this unification, as well as its 20th-century transformations. Bello.
	HIST 387 - Seminar: The Struggle Over China’s Environment FDR: HU Credits: 3 The course covers the more recent periods of China’s so-called “3,000 years of unsustainable growth” from about A.D. 618 into the present. Themes focus on China’s historical experience with sedentary agriculture, fossil fuel and nuclear energy, wildlife and forest management, disease, water control, and major construction projects like the Great Wall. Bello.
	HIST 395 - Advanced Seminar FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisites: Junior or senior standing, or 15 credits in history, or consent of the instructor. Prerequisites may vary by topic. A seminar offered from time to time depending on student interest and staff availability, in a selected topic or problem in history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Fall 2014 topic: HIST 395-01: Advanced Seminar: Art and Science from Leonardo Until Today. (3). Prerequisites: Junior or senior standing, or 15 credits in history, or consent of the instructor. Art and science are commonly assumed to be two distinct parts of our culture, requiring different talents, skills and even temperaments, and often taught in separate institutions. This distinction, however, has not always been so clear. In this seminar, we explore common denominators in art and science from Leonardo until today, focusing on the manifold ways in which science has been made part of art and art of science. We single out the Romantic Movement, and highlight great names in the holistic practice of art and science such as Coleridge, Goethe, Alexander von Humboldt, and Ernst Haeckel. Moreover, we address how increasingly possible commonalities in artistic and scientific creativity have been discussed in terms of perception, representation, and the science of the brain. (HU) Rupke.
	HIST 397 - Seminar: Spring-Term Topics in History FDR: HU Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing, or 15 credits in history, or consent of the instructor. Prerequisites may vary by topic. A seminar in a selected topic or problem in history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
	HIST 401 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 1 Prerequisites: Cumulative grade-point average of 3.250 in all history courses and instructor consent. A course which permits the student to follow a program of directed reading or research in an area not covered by other courses. May be repeated for degree credit with permission. Staff.
	HIST 402 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 2 Prerequisites: Cumulative grade-point average of 3.250 in all history courses and instructor consent. A course which permits the student to follow a program of directed reading or research in an area not covered by other courses. May be repeated for degree credit with permission. Staff.
	HIST 403 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 3 Prerequisites: Cumulative grade-point average of 3.250 in all history courses, completion of three 200- or 300-level history courses, instructor consent., and at least junior standing. A course which permits the student to follow a program of directed reading or research in an area not covered in other courses. May be repeated for degree credit each term of the junior and senior year.
	HIST 453 - Internship in History Credits: 3 Prerequisites: 15 credits in history or in related disciplines (with the department head’s approval), cumulative grade-point average of at least 3.000, and consent of the department. An internship in history at a public or private agency or institution culminating in a major project completed in consultation with a faculty supervisor and the sponsoring agency or institution. Because of staff limitations, the department may give preference to history majors. See the department head for details. May be repeated with permission for degree credit for a total of six credits, if the topics are sufficiently different. Staff.
	HIST 456 - Internship in History Credits: 6 Prerequisites: 15 credits in history or in related disciplines (with the department head’s approval), cumulative grade-point average of at least 3.000, and consent of the department. An internship in history at a public or private agency or institution culminating in a major project completed in consultation with a faculty supervisor and the sponsoring agency or institution. Because of staff limitations, the department may give preference to history majors. See the department head for details. May be repeated with permission for degree credit for a total of six credits, if the topics are sufficiently different. Staff.
	HIST 473 - Senior Thesis Credits: 3-3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisites: Cumulative grade-point average of 3.500, and senior standing. This course serves as an alternative for History 493. Please consult the department head for more details.
	HIST 493 - Honors Thesis Credits: 3-3 Planned Offering: Fall-Winter Prerequisites: Cumulative grade-point average of 3.500, consent of the department, and senior standing. Honors Thesis. Additional information is available at www.wlu.edu/history-department/about-the-program/honors-in-history.
Interdepartmental
	INTR 180 - FS: First-Year Seminar Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered occasionally. Each first-year seminar topic is approved by the Dean of the College and the Committee on Courses and Degrees. Applicability to FDRs and other requirements varies. Prerequisite: First-year standing. First-year seminar. Topics vary by term and instructor. Staff.
	INTR 200 - Research Preparation in the Sciences Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisite: Instructor consent. This course is composed of seminar and workshop modules on such topics as: critical reading of research papers; use of relevant primary literature in experimental design; integrative approaches to research questions; use of quantitative methods and modeling; data acquisition, record-keeping, and analysis; research ethics; introduction to specific lab techniques used in research; scientific writing and data presentation. In addition, students develop and present a research plan for their research project that is discussed and critiqued by the whole group. Laboratory course. I’Anson
	INTR 201 - Information Technology Literacy Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Pass/Fail only. Available to all students, required of all Williams School majors. MUST be completed by the beginning of the fall term of the junior year. Prerequisite: First-year or sophomore standing Through the use of interactive online tutorials, students gain proficiency in and a working knowledge of five distinct areas of information technology literacy: Windows Operating System, spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel), word processing (Microsoft Word), presentation software (Microsoft PowerPoint), and basic networking (the Washington and Lee network, basic Web browsing, and Microsoft Outlook). Lessons, exercises, practice exams and exams mix online efforts and hands-on activities. Ballenger, Boylan (administrator)
	INTR 202 - Applied Statistics Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisite: INTR 201. An examination of the principal applications of statistics in accounting, business, economics, and politics. Topics include descriptive statistics, probability, estimation, hypothesis testing, and regression analysis. Staff.
	INTR 210 - Preparation for Spring Term Abroad in Paris Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Winter 2013 and alternate years Readings, discussion, language practice, and orientation for Spring term abroad in Paris. Students meet weekly with instructors to gain familiarity with the history, culture, and space of Paris, as well as key terms and concepts of the course. Students taking HIST 210 in the Spring complete a Mango French language course online; students taking FREN 285 in the Spring meet with the French language assistant for advanced practice. Chenoweth, Horowitz.
	INTR 231 - Introduction to Jury Advocacy Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Fall Pass/fail basis only. Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Introduction to the jury system, federal rules of evidence, and trial practice. Participants are introduced to the legal, practical, and policy implications of jury advocacy in the United States, and put that learning into practice through role plays as both witness and advocate. Members of the intercollegiate mock-trial team are selected from those who complete the courses successfully. Belmont.
	INTR 280 - Cross-Cultural Theatrical Experiences Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Fall 2014 and alternate years Prerequisite: ENGL 386, or THTR 204, or instructor consent. Students who have participated in the Spring-term theater courses abroad collaborate to compare and contrast their theatre-going experiences in Great Britain and Sweden, focusing specifically on the cultural diversity of theater traditions across time and place and what theatre can communicate to us in a language we do not know. Students collaborate on a theatrically compelling way to share their knowledge and experiences with the W&L community. Evans, Pickett.
	INTR 296 - Spring Studies in Culture and Society FDR: FDR designation to be determined each year. Credits: 4 A topical seminar that focuses on an interdisciplinary examination of a given society through formal study and direct exposure to its people and culture. The seminar takes place in the target location during the spring term, for which four credits are awarded. May be repeated for credit if the topic and location of the seminar are different. Staff.
	INTR 431 - Tutorial in Trial Preparation and Procedure Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Pass/fail basis only. Prerequisites: Interdepartmental 231 and instructor consent. Preparation for and participation in intercollegiate mock-trial competitions. Participants prepare a case based on an assigned set of facts and assume roles of both lawyer and witness in the classroom and competition. May be repeated with instructor’s permissions for a maximum of three credits toward degree requirements. Belmont.
	INTR 493 - Interdisciplinary Honors Credits: 3-3 Planned Offering: Fall-Winter Open only to students completing interdisciplinary honors work approved by the faculty’s Committee on Courses and Degrees or majoring in a discipline without an honors program. All departments involved must review and approve the final thesis.
	INTR 995 - Spring Option Credits: 0 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. The Spring Option allows students to use the spring term of their sophomore, junior and/or senior years to engage in an internship, service program, employment, travel or educational program that will broaden and enhance their collegiate education. The faculty offer this opportunity to encourage students to seek creative outlets not provided in the normal academic setting. Spring option policies and requirements can be found under Academic Regulations. Staff.
Italian
	ITAL 113 - Accelerated Elementary Italian Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: Completion of 112 or equivalent in another Romance language. Preference is given to Romance Languages majors. An accelerated course in elementary Italian emphasizing grammar and the skills of speaking, writing, reading, and listening comprehension and meeting five days per week. Staff.
	ITAL 163 - Accelerated Intermediate Italian FDR: FL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: ITAL 113 or equivalent. This course develops intermediate communicative Italian vocabulary and active intermediate competence in the language. The traditional skills of foreign language instruction (structure, listening comprehension, reading, writing, and speaking) are stressed. This course meets five days per week. Staff.
	ITAL 202 - Supervised Study Abroad Credits: 4 Prerequisites: ITAL 163 or equivalent and instructor consent, and approval of the International Education Committee. A total immersion in Italian language and culture. A required winter-term cultural preparation and training period precedes residence in Italy. Additional details are available from the director of the program. Staff.
	ITAL 261 - Advanced Conversation and Composition Credits: 3 Prerequisite: ITAL 163 or equivalent. Further development of conversational skills and beginning work in free composition, with systematic grammar review and word study in various relevant cultural contexts. Staff.
	ITAL 295 - Topics in Italian Culture Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2016 and when sufficient student interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: ITAL 261 or equivalent. A second-year topics course focusing on issues and texts related to Italian literature and culture. All discussion, writing, and exercises are in Italian. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. Winter 2016 topic: ITAL 295: Introduction to Italian Medieval and Renaissance Literature (3). This course offers an overview of Italian literature of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, focusing on a selection of major works in poetry and prose of the major authors (Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, Marco Polo, Cristofaro Colombo, Machiavelli) and minor figures of the first centuries of ltalian literature (San Francesco, Rustico, Angiolieri, and Serlio). Readings concentrate on earthly and spiritual life, comedy and tragedy, men and women, beauty and horror, with a focus on commonalities between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance;. We address historical, political, cultural, and literary issues important to an understanding of these texts and their contexts, and read the texts in modern and medieval Italian. We also use video adaptations of medieval and Renaissance literature, as well as music and artworks from the periods, and conclude with students performing selected scenes of Machiavelli’s play La Mandragola. Hardin, McCormick.
	ITAL 401 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: Permission of the department head. Advanced study in Italian. The nature and content of the course is determined by the students’ needs and by an evaluation of their previous work. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
	ITAL 402 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 2 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: Permission of the department head. Advanced study in Italian. The nature and content of the course is determined by the students’ needs and by an evaluation of their previous work. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
	ITAL 403 - Directed Individual Study FDR: HL: only when the subject is literary. Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: Permission of the department head. Advanced study in Italian. The nature and content of the course is determined by the students’ needs and by an evaluation of their previous work. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
Japanese
	JAPN 100 - Supervised Study Abroad: Beginning Japanese Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years Prerequisites: Desire to study Japanese or JAPN 111, permission of the department, and approval of the International Education Committee. Spring Term Abroad course. This course is designed to introduce the Japanese language and culture to students with little or no previous language background. Classes are held at the Ishikawa Foundation for International Exchange, a prestigious Japanese institution in Kanazawa. Students live with a host family and can experience typical Japanese daily life. The program includes field trips to points of historical interest and many cultural activities. Ujie.
	JAPN 101 - Exploring Japanese Language and Society Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Not offered in 2012-2013. This course is an introduction to spoken Japanese. Students develop basic oral communication skills and are introduced to the three writing systems. Through cultural scenarios, media presentations, and film, students explore how language functions in contemporary Japanese society. This course is not a prerequisite for JAPN 111, nor does it allow a student to move to a language course numbered higher than JAPN 111 without permission of the instructor. Ujie.
	JAPN 111 - First-Year Japanese I Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall An introduction to spoken and written Japanese. Classroom drills, written and audio materials emphasize basic sentence patterns. Daily practice in reading and writing. Staff.
	JAPN 112 - First-Year Japanese II Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: JAPN 111 or the equivalent. A continuation of JAPN 111. Further work on modern spoken and written Japanese. Staff.
	JAPN 115 - Supervised Study Abroad: First-Year Japanese Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years Prerequisites: JAPN 112, permission of the department, and approval of the International Education Committee. Spring Term Abroad course. This course is designed to improve active oral proficiency in Japanese, to introduce the culture and society of Japan, and to prepare students for second-year Japanese study. Classes are held at the Ishikawa Foundation for International Exchange, a prestigious Japanese institution in Kanazawa. Students live with a host family and can experience typical Japanese daily life. The program includes field trips to points of historical interest and many cultural activities. Ujie.
	JAPN 261 - Second-Year Japanese I Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: JAPN 112 or the equivalent. A continuation of JAPN 112 with emphasis on the spoken language and written texts using audiovisual materials. Staff.
	JAPN 262 - Second-Year Japanese II FDR: FL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: JAPN 261 or the equivalent. A continuation of JAPN 261 with intensive drills in spoken Japanese and the close reading of texts. Staff.
	JAPN 265 - Supervised Study Abroad: Second-Year Japanese Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years Prerequisites: JAPN 261 or 262, permission of the department, and approval of the International Education Committee. Spring Term Abroad course. This course is designed to introduce the Japanese language and culture to students, to introduce the culture and society of Japan, and to prepare students for third-year Japanese study. Classes are held at the Ishikawa Foundation for International Exchange, a prestigious Japanese institution in Kanazawa. Students live with a host family and can experience typical Japanese daily life. The program includes field trips to points of historical interest and many cultural activities. Ujie.
	JAPN 301 - Third-Year Japanese I Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: JAPN 262 or the equivalent. A continuation of JAPN 262 designed to further develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Advanced classroom drills, reading texts, and taped materials provide systematic practice in increasingly complex discourses and acquaint students with key aspects of Japanese customs, culture, and society. Staff.
	JAPN 302 - Third-Year Japanese II Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: JAPN 301 or the equivalent. A continuation of JAPN 301. Staff.
	JAPN 311 - Advanced Japanese I Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisites: JAPN 302 or the equivalent and instructor consent. Advanced readings, discussion in Japanese and written responses to a variety of literary materials, including relevant journal and newspaper articles. Whenever available, video materials will supplement readings. Staff.
	JAPN 312 - Advanced Japanese II FDR: HL Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisites: JAPN 311 or the equivalent and instructor consent. A continuation of JAPN 311 with an emphasis on reading and discussing literary works. Advanced readings in Japanese modern prose, poetry, and drama and discussion in Japanese of literature and literary criticism. Ikeda.
	JAPN 365 - Supervised Study Abroad: Third-Year Japanese Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2016 and alternate years Prerequisites: JAPN 302, or the equivalent, permission of the department, and approval of the International Education Committee. Spring Term Abroad course. This course is designed to introduce the Japanese language and culture to students, to introduce the culture and society of Japan, and to prepare students for fourth-year Japanese study. Classes are held at the Ishikawa Foundation for International Exchange, a prestigious Japanese institution in Kanazawa. Students live with a host family and can experience typical Japanese daily life. The program includes field trips to points of historical interest and many cultural activities. Ujie.
	JAPN 401 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisites: Instructor consent; for advanced students or for students who have completed JAPN 312. A course that allows students to follow a program of directed reading with a more intensive exposure to written texts than is possible in courses oriented toward grammar and conversation. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
	JAPN 402 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 2 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisites: Instructor consent; for advanced students or for students who have completed JAPN 312. A course that allows students to follow a program of directed reading with a more intensive exposure to written texts than is possible in courses oriented toward grammar and conversation. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
	JAPN 403 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisites: Instructor consent; for advanced students or for students who have completed JAPN 312. A course that allows students to follow a program of directed reading with a more intensive exposure to written texts than is possible in courses oriented toward grammar and conversation. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.

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Course Descriptions

HIST 223 - International Relations, 1815-1918: Europe and the World

HIST 224 - International Relations, 1919-1970: The End of European Hegemony

HIST 226 - European Intellectual History, 1880 to 1960

HIST 228 - Women in Russian History

HIST 229 - Topics in European History

HIST 233 - U.S.-Latin American Relations from 1825 to Present

HIST 234 - Nations and Nationalism

HIST 238 - Anthropology of American History

HIST 240 - Early American History to 1788

HIST 242 - The United States, 1789-1840

HIST 244 - The Art of Command during the American Civil War

HIST 245 - The American Civil War

HIST 246 - American Experience with Guerrilla Warfare and Insurgency

HIST 247 - America in the Gilded Age, 1870-1900

HIST 248 - Populism, Progressivism, and the New Deal

HIST 253 - Gay and Lesbian Life in 20th-Century United States

HIST 257 - History of Women in America, 1609-1870

HIST 258 - History of Women in America, 1870 to the Present

HIST 259 - The History of the African-American People to 1877

HIST 260 - The History of the African-American People since 1877

HIST 262 - The Old South to 1860

HIST 263 - The South Since 1877

HIST 267 - Mapping the American City: Metropolitan History and GIS in the 20th Century

HIST 268 - Building a Suburban Nation: Race, Class, and Politics in Postwar America

HIST 269 - Topics in United States, Latin American or Canadian History

HIST 273 - East Africa: A Thousand Years

HIST 274 - Histories of Everything

HIST 275 - World Military History: Akkad to Zulu

HIST 284 - Visions of Japan’s Empire in East Asia: 19th-Century Origins through World War II

HIST 285 - Seminar: The Yin and Yang of Gender in Late Imperial China (10th-19th centuries)

HIST 287 - Supervised Study Abroad: Athens

HIST 289 - Topics in Asian, African, or Islamic History

HIST 295 - Seminar: Topics in History

HIST 305 - Seminar: Religion, Church, and Politics in Medieval and Renaissance Society

HIST 306 - Seminar: Medieval and Renaissance Political Thought

HIST 307 - Seminar: The Machiavellian Moment

HIST 309 - Seminar: The French Revolution

HIST 312 - Seminar on Nazism and the Third Reich

HIST 319 - Seminar on The Great War in History and Literature

HIST 322 - Seminar in Russian History

HIST 337 - Seminar: Revolutions in Latin America

HIST 339 - Seminar: Natives and Strangers

HIST 344 - Seminar on The United States, 1840-1860

HIST 346 - Seminar on Reconstruction, 1865-1877

HIST 350 - Seminar: Going Nuclear: American Society, Culture and Politics in the Cold War Era

HIST 354 - Seminar: The History of the American Welfare State

HIST 355 - Seminar: America in the 1960s: History and Memory

HIST 361 - The History of Violence in America

HIST 364 - Seminar on the Origins of the Constitution

HIST 366 - Seminar: Slavery in the Americas

HIST 367 - Seminar in American Social History

HIST 376 - Seminar: Africa, Science, and Development

HIST 377 - Seminar: Congo, Rwanda, and The Modern World

HIST 378 - African Feminisms

HIST 386 - Seminar: Managing Mongols, Manchus, and Muslims: China’s Frontier History (16th-20th Centuries)

HIST 387 - Seminar: The Struggle Over China’s Environment

HIST 395 - Advanced Seminar

HIST 397 - Seminar: Spring-Term Topics in History

HIST 401 - Directed Individual Study

HIST 402 - Directed Individual Study

HIST 403 - Directed Individual Study

HIST 453 - Internship in History

HIST 456 - Internship in History

HIST 473 - Senior Thesis

HIST 493 - Honors Thesis

INTR 180 - FS: First-Year Seminar

INTR 200 - Research Preparation in the Sciences

INTR 201 - Information Technology Literacy

INTR 202 - Applied Statistics

INTR 210 - Preparation for Spring Term Abroad in Paris

INTR 231 - Introduction to Jury Advocacy

INTR 280 - Cross-Cultural Theatrical Experiences

INTR 296 - Spring Studies in Culture and Society

INTR 431 - Tutorial in Trial Preparation and Procedure

INTR 493 - Interdisciplinary Honors

INTR 995 - Spring Option

ITAL 113 - Accelerated Elementary Italian

ITAL 163 - Accelerated Intermediate Italian

ITAL 202 - Supervised Study Abroad