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History |
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HIST 386 - Seminar: Managing Mongols, Manchus, and Muslims: China’s Frontier History (16th-20th Centuries)
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
The unprecedented expansionism of China’s last dynasty, the Qing (1644-1911), produced an ethnically and geographically diverse empire whose legacy is the current map and multiethnic society of today’s People’s Republic of China. The Qing Empire’s establishment, extension and consolidation were inextricably bound up with the ethnic identity of its Manchu progenitors. The Manchu attempt to unify diversity resulted in a unique imperial project linking East, Inner and Southeast Asia. This course explores the multiethnic nature and limits of this unification, as well as its 20th-century transformations. Bello.
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HIST 387 - Seminar: The Struggle Over China’s Environment
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
The course covers the more recent periods of China’s so-called “3,000 years of unsustainable growth” from about A.D. 618 into the present. Themes focus on China’s historical experience with sedentary agriculture, fossil fuel and nuclear energy, wildlife and forest management, disease, water control, and major construction projects like the Great Wall. Bello.
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HIST 395 - Advanced Seminar
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: Junior or senior standing, or 15 credits in history, or consent of the instructor. Prerequisites may vary by topic. A seminar offered from time to time depending on student interest and staff availability, in a selected topic or problem in history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
Winter 2019, HIST 395A-01: Advanced Seminar: Darwin and His Critics (3). Not open to students with credit for HIST 295: Darwin and His Critics. One of the most influential scientific theories is the theory of organic evolution. Its history has largely been written by Darwin and his followers. This course looks at the “Darwin industry” and at a revisionist history that incorporates the non-Darwinian approach to the origin of life and species. Giving close attention to the scientific facts and the different theories, we also raise such questions as “Where were these theories situated?” and “What socio-political purposes and religious connotations did they have?” The course ends with bringing to bear the historical perspective on today’s ongoing controversies about evolution theory. Students in this section are required to produce a greater research component in their assignments. (HU) Rupke.
Winter 2019, HIST 395B-01: Advanced Seminar: Race and Racism in Latin America (3). Prerequisites: Junior or senior standing, or 15 credits in history, or consent of the instructor. This seminar examines the history of race and racism in the Americas from 1492 to the present. During the first half, we situate race within the history of ideas and trace its development across the Americas during the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment, analyzing how religion, science, colonialism and capitalism influenced European conceptions of “the Other.” In the second half, we examine specific national case studies from the 19th and 20th centuries to explore “the work that race does”—that is, how race has operated in distinct local-historical contexts to generate social exclusion. (HU). Gildner.
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HIST 397 - Seminar: Spring-Term Topics in History
FDR: HU
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing, or 15 credits in history, or consent of the instructor. Prerequisites may vary by topic. A seminar in a selected topic or problem in history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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HIST 402 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 2
Prerequisites: Cumulative grade-point average of 3.250 in all history courses and instructor consent. A course which permits the student to follow a program of directed reading or research in an area not covered by other courses. May be repeated for degree credit with permission. Staff.
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HIST 403 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: Cumulative grade-point average of 3.250 in all history courses, completion of three 200- or 300-level history courses, and instructor consent. A course which permits the student to follow a program of directed reading or research in an area not covered in other courses. May be repeated for degree credit each term of the junior and senior year.
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HIST 453 - Internship in History
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: 15 credits in history or in related discipline, cumulative grade-point average of at least 3.000, and consent of the department. Graded satisfactory/unsatisfactory. An internship in history at a public or private agency or institution. Students must complete at least 135 verified hours of on-site work. In addition to the internship supervisor evaluation, and any organized classroom activities, students complete at least two graded assignments (e.g., journal, research report, public presentation, blog) developed in consultation with a faculty supervisor. Because of staff limitations, the department may give preference to history majors. See department head for details. May be repeated with permission for a total of six credits toward the university limit of nine credits, if the topics are sufficiently different. May be carried out during the summer. Staff.
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HIST 456 - Internship in History
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 6
Prerequisites: 15 credits in history or in related disciplines, cumulative grade-point average of at least 3.000, and consent of the department. Graded satisfactory/unsatisfactory. An internship in history at a public or private agency or institution. Students must complete at least 270 verified hours of on-site work. In addition to the internship supervisor evaluation, and any organized classroom activities, students complete at least two graded assignments (e.g., journal, research report, public presentation, blog) developed in consultation with a faculty supervisor. Because of staff limitations, the department may give preference to history majors. See department head for details. May be carried out during the summer. Staff.
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HIST 473 - Senior Thesis
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: Cumulative grade-point average of 3.500 in History, and senior standing. This course serves as an alternative for HIST 493. Please consult the department head for more details.
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Interdepartmental |
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INTR 153 - Preparation for London Internship Program
Credits: 1
Prerequisites: Acceptance into the London Internship Program and instructor consent. Graded Pass/Fail only. An exploration of British culture, literature, and history, focusing on areas and topics that students enrolled in the London Internship Program will encounter. This course is a prerequisite for INTR 453, which takes place during the following summer. E. Oliver.
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INTR 180 - FS: First-Year Seminar
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: First-year standing. First-year seminar. Topics vary by term and instructor. Staff.
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INTR 200 - Research Preparation in the Sciences
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: Instructor consent. This course is composed of seminar and workshop modules on such topics as: critical reading of research papers; use of relevant primary literature in experimental design; integrative approaches to research questions; use of quantitative methods and modeling; data acquisition, record-keeping, and analysis; research ethics; introduction to specific lab techniques used in research; scientific writing and data presentation. In addition, students develop and present a research plan for their research project that is discussed and critiqued by the whole group. Laboratory course. I’Anson
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INTR 201 - Information Technology Literacy
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: First-year or sophomore standing Pass/Fail only. Available to all students, required of all Williams School majors. MUST be completed by the beginning of the fall term of the junior year. Through the use of interactive online tutorials, students gain proficiency in and a working knowledge of five distinct areas of information technology literacy: Windows Operating System, spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel), word processing (Microsoft Word), presentation software (Microsoft PowerPoint), and basic networking (the Washington and Lee network, basic Web browsing, and Microsoft Outlook). Lessons, exercises, practice exams and exams mix online efforts and hands-on activities. Ballenger, Boylan (administrator)
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INTR 202 - Applied Statistics
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: INTR 201. An examination of the principal applications of statistics in accounting, business, economics, and politics. Topics include descriptive statistics, probability, estimation, hypothesis testing, and regression analysis.
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INTR 280 - Cross-Cultural Theatrical Experiences
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: ENGL 386, or THTR 204, or instructor consent. Students who have participated in the Spring-term theater courses abroad collaborate to compare and contrast their theatre-going experiences in Great Britain and Sweden, focusing specifically on the cultural diversity of theater traditions across time and place and what theatre can communicate to us in a language we do not know. Students collaborate on a theatrically compelling way to share their knowledge and experiences with the W&L community. Evans, Pickett.
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INTR 298 - Study Abroad Reflections and Assessment
Credits: 0
Graded Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory. Prerequisite: Students on approved study abroad during the academic year. (Not offered for summer study or W&L-taught courses) Registration in the final term of a students approved study abroad. Before the end of the last term in which a student is on approved study abroad, the student submits to the Director of International Education a reflective essay, to be designed and assigned for each term abroad by the faculty’s Global Liaisons. The liaisons review student reflections, assess them with regard to Washington and Lee’s learning outcomes for study abroad, and issue a brief report at the end of each academic year. Staff.
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INTR 301 - The Irish World in Literature, Religion, and History
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: WRIT-100 or equivalent. Only open to students admitted to the Spring study abroad course in Ireland (ENGL/REL 387). This seminar seeks to immerse the student in the literature, religious traditions, history, and culture of Ireland through a range of media and methods. The primary focus of the course is on Irish literary expressions and religious beliefs and traditions, from the pre-historic period to the modern day, with a particular emphasis on the ancient Irish world. We seek to understand the major movements in Ireland that led to its great cultural achievements in the 20th century, as well as the religious and spiritual issues and tensions that run throughout Irish literature and culture. This course is the orientation to and preparation for the spring-term course English/Religion 387, enabling students to be extremely well prepared when they arrive in Ireland. Brown, Conner.
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INTR 453 - International Internship
Experiential Learning (EXP): YES
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: INTR 153 (for London) and acceptance into an approved W&L International Internship Program. Graded Pass/Fail. Students are placed in an approved internship for six weeks in London, England, Cape Town, South Africa, or other international location during the summer. The course is designed to help the students make sense of working in another country and provide them with a forum in which to discuss and write about their experiences. Staff.
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INTR 493 - Interdisciplinary Honors
Credits: 3-3
Open only to students completing interdisciplinary honors work approved by the faculty’s Committee on Courses and Degrees or majoring in a discipline without an honors program. All departments involved must review and approve the final thesis.
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INTR 995 - Spring Option
Credits: 0
Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. Registration is entered by University Registrar’s office after completed form is turned into the office and approved. The Spring Option allows students to use the spring term of their sophomore, junior and/or senior years to engage in an internship, service program, employment, travel or educational program that will broaden and enhance their collegiate education. The faculty offer this opportunity to encourage students to seek creative outlets not provided in the normal academic setting. Spring option policies and requirements can be found under Academic Regulations. Staff.
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Italian |
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ITAL 113 - Accelerated Elementary Italian
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: Romance Language placement into FREN 161 or SPAN
161 or higher, or by instructor consent for students with prior experience in Italian. An accelerated course in elementary Italian emphasizing grammar and the skills of speaking, writing, reading, and listening comprehension and meeting five days per week. Staff.
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ITAL 163 - Accelerated Intermediate Italian
FDR: FL
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: ITAL 113 or equivalent. This course develops intermediate communicative Italian vocabulary and active intermediate competence in the language. The traditional skills of foreign language instruction (structure, listening comprehension, reading, writing, and speaking) are stressed. This course meets five days per week. Staff.
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ITAL 261 - Advanced Conversation and Composition
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: ITAL 163 or equivalent. Further development of conversational skills and beginning work in free composition, with systematic grammar review and word study in various relevant cultural contexts. Staff.
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ITAL 295 - Topics in Italian Culture
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: ITAL 163 or equivalent. A second-year topics course focusing on issues and texts related to Italian literature and culture. All discussion, writing, and exercises are in Italian. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.
Fall 2018, ITAL 295A-01: Contemporary Italy through Literature and Film (3). Prerequisite: ITAL 163. A panorama of issues and debates of contemporary Italy. All material is introduced and examined through the lens of film, media, and contemporary literature, and students have ample opportunity to improve their listening and speaking skills through discussion of texts, films, and media clips. Topics include immigration, university life, women and gender, work and unemployment, gastronomy, travel, and history. An important goal of this course is also to review and develop grammar and vocabulary. Students practice targeted linguistic forms through the context of contemporary Italian culture and society. All classes, discussions, homework and projects are conducted entirely in Italian. McCormick.
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ITAL 401 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: Permission of the department head. Advanced study in Italian. The nature and content of the course is determined by the students’ needs and by an evaluation of their previous work. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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ITAL 402 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 2
Prerequisite: Permission of the department head. Advanced study in Italian. The nature and content of the course is determined by the students’ needs and by an evaluation of their previous work. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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ITAL 403 - Directed Individual Study
FDR: HL: only when the subject is literary.
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Permission of the department head. Advanced study in Italian. The nature and content of the course is determined by the students’ needs and by an evaluation of their previous work. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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Japanese |
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JAPN 100 - Supervised Study Abroad: Beginning Japanese
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 4
Prerequisites: Desire to study Japanese or JAPN 111 and department consent. Spring Term Abroad course. This course is designed to introduce the Japanese language and culture to students with little or no previous language background. Classes are held at the Ishikawa Foundation for International Exchange, a prestigious Japanese institution in Kanazawa. Students live with a host family and can experience typical Japanese daily life. The program includes field trips to points of historical interest and many cultural activities. Ikeda.
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JAPN 111 - First-Year Japanese I
Credits: 4
An introduction to spoken and written Japanese. Classroom drills, written and audio materials emphasize basic sentence patterns. Daily practice in reading and writing. Staff.
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JAPN 112 - First-Year Japanese II
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: JAPN 111 or the equivalent. A continuation of JAPN 111. Further work on modern spoken and written Japanese. Staff.
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JAPN 115 - Supervised Study Abroad: First-Year Japanese
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 4
Prerequisites: JAPN 112 and department consent. Spring Term Abroad course. This course is designed to improve active oral proficiency in Japanese, to introduce the culture and society of Japan, and to prepare students for second-year Japanese study. Classes are held at the Ishikawa Foundation for International Exchange, a prestigious Japanese institution in Kanazawa. Students live with a host family and can experience typical Japanese daily life. The program includes field trips to points of historical interest and many cultural activities. Ikeda.
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JAPN 261 - Second-Year Japanese I
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: JAPN 112 or the equivalent. A continuation of JAPN 112 with emphasis on the spoken language and written texts using audiovisual materials. Staff.
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JAPN 262 - Second-Year Japanese II
FDR: FL
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: JAPN 261 or the equivalent. A continuation of JAPN 261 with intensive drills in spoken Japanese and the close reading of texts. Staff.
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JAPN 265 - Supervised Study Abroad: Second-Year Japanese
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 4
Prerequisites: JAPN 261 or 262 and department consent. Spring Term Abroad course. This course is designed to introduce the Japanese language and culture to students, to introduce the culture and society of Japan, and to prepare students for third-year Japanese study. Classes are held at the Ishikawa Foundation for International Exchange, a prestigious Japanese institution in Kanazawa. Students live with a host family and can experience typical Japanese daily life. The program includes field trips to points of historical interest and many cultural activities. Ikeda.
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JAPN 301 - Third-Year Japanese I
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: JAPN 262 or the equivalent. A continuation of JAPN 262 designed to further develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Advanced classroom drills, reading texts, and taped materials provide systematic practice in increasingly complex discourses and acquaint students with key aspects of Japanese customs, culture, and society. Staff.
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JAPN 302 - Third-Year Japanese II
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: JAPN 301 or the equivalent. A continuation of JAPN 301. Staff.
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JAPN 311 - Advanced Japanese I
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: JAPN 302 or the equivalent and instructor consent. Advanced readings, discussion in Japanese and written responses to a variety of literary materials, including relevant journal and newspaper articles. Whenever available, video materials will supplement readings. Staff.
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JAPN 312 - Advanced Japanese II
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: JAPN 311 or the equivalent and instructor consent. A continuation of JAPN 311 with an emphasis on reading and discussing literary works. Advanced readings in Japanese modern prose, poetry, and drama and discussion in Japanese of literature and literary criticism. Ikeda.
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JAPN 365 - Supervised Study Abroad: Third-Year Japanese
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 4
Prerequisites: JAPN 302, or the equivalent and department consent. Spring Term Abroad course. This course is designed to introduce the Japanese language and culture to students, to introduce the culture and society of Japan, and to prepare students for fourth-year Japanese study. Classes are held at the Ishikawa Foundation for International Exchange, a prestigious Japanese institution in Kanazawa. Students live with a host family and can experience typical Japanese daily life. The program includes field trips to points of historical interest and many cultural activities. Ikeda.
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JAPN 401 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 1
Prerequisites: Instructor consent; for advanced students or for students who have completed JAPN 312. A course that allows students to follow a program of directed reading with a more intensive exposure to written texts than is possible in courses oriented toward grammar and conversation. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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JAPN 402 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 2
Prerequisites: Instructor consent; for advanced students or for students who have completed JAPN 312. A course that allows students to follow a program of directed reading with a more intensive exposure to written texts than is possible in courses oriented toward grammar and conversation. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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JAPN 403 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: Instructor consent; for advanced students or for students who have completed JAPN 312. A course that allows students to follow a program of directed reading with a more intensive exposure to written texts than is possible in courses oriented toward grammar and conversation. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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Journalism and Mass Communications |
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JOUR 101 - Introduction to Mass Communications
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Not open to seniors. This course serves as a gateway for both majors and non-majors to examine the role that the mass media play in society. The course examines the pervasiveness of mass media in our lives, and the history and roles of different media and their societal functions, processes, and effects. Students learn to tell the difference between fact and opinion and examine the links among theory, research and professional experience, while analyzing the ethics, methods, and motivations of the media and the expectations of their audiences. We discuss how media cover diversity issues and evaluate the policies and freedoms that guide and shape the mass media and the news media in the United States. Students complete the course as better informed consumers and interpreters of mass media and their messages. Staff.
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JOUR 150 - Introduction to the Politics and Policies of Global Communication
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
Intended for any first-year or sophomore; open to others by instructor consent. An introduction to a series of debates centered on the media, power, and globalization, locating these in their historical and cultural perspective and exploring ways in which media power is contested. Topics include the theories and problems related to international function of the news media, the entertainment industry, and the telecommunications sector; the creation of the global media marketplace; the evolution of international communication in the Internet age; and international governance structures. Abah.
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JOUR 152 - Photojournalism
Credits: 1
An introduction to photojournalism. Through hands-on assignments, students learn the importance of visual images in communicating ideas and information and gain an appreciation for the qualities and principles that set photojournalists apart from other photographers. Staff.
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JOUR 162 - Broadcast-Announcing Practicum
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Admission by audition only. Students learn the skills required to effectively anchor news, weather, or sports on the weekly Rockbridge Report newscast, which appears on a local cable access channel. May be repeated for up to three degree credits. Finch.
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JOUR 180 - FS: First-Year Seminar
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
First-year seminar. Prerequisite: First-Year standing. Topic varies.
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JOUR 190 - Beyond Google and Wikipedia: Finding and Evaluating Information Sources in the Digital Age
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: JOUR 101. An introduction to information sources that academic researchers, journalists, public relations and advertising professionals rely on increasingly in the digital age to conduct scholarly research, report and write news stories, and to find, analyze and present research on trends in mass communications. Students learn how to evaluate sources of information for credibility and quality, while they strengthen their basic research skills to go beyond Google and dig below the surface of today’s high-tech world. Grefe, Journalism faculty.
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JOUR 195 - Intercultural Communication: South Africa
Credits: 2
Graded Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory. The course is designed to prepare students for a cross-cultural experience, to explore learning and coping strategies, when in a different country, and to examine their own cultures so they can understand and appreciate others. Abah, Locy.
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JOUR 201 - Introduction to Reporting
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: JOUR 101. Students are taught the principles and techniques of information gathering and news writing, with emphasis on fulfilling the role of the news media in a democratic society. Extensive laboratory work enables students to prepare assignments for online and other digital media, while stressing accuracy, clarity and skepticism in reporting and writing. Staff.
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JOUR 202 - Introduction to Digital Journalism
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: JOUR 201. Concepts and practices of news gathering and presentation in a multimedia, interactive environment. Combines classroom instruction with a converged news media lab in which students contribute to a website, television newscast, and newspaper. Note: The laboratory requirement is limited to three sessions during the term, as arranged with the instructor. Artwick, Coddington.
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JOUR 204 - Media Bias: Beyond Right and Left
Credits: 4
Many of our conversations and opinions on the news media come back to bias, but we rarely take the time to interrogate our own perspectives about it. In this course, students delve into the history and sociology of journalism and the psychology of our own news consumption to go beyond popular conservative and liberal theories of bias and find out how the news media really work. Students talk with prominent journalists and scholars, and they cover a story they care about in order to experience and evaluate firsthand the decisions and influences that go into news media production. Coddington.
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JOUR 210 - Sports Journalism
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 3
A seminar surveying, analyzing, and critiquing local, regional, national and international converged sports reporting and writing by working sports journalists. In addition, students read and analyze several longer pieces by working journalists, and write extensively. Students also are assigned to report on local high school and college sports. Locy.
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JOUR 212 - The Journalist in Fiction and Film
Credits: 4
Since the time of Sophocles, at least, citizens have been tempted to “kill the messenger.” Those bearing news are often at odds with the citizens to whom they bring the news. This class explores the tension between citizens and modern-day messengers by reading and viewing fictional depictions of journalists. Students examine the role of popular culture in forming myths, stereotypes and false expectations of journalists - and other groups - to understand better the role of journalists in a free society. Luecke.
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JOUR 215 - The Magazine: Past, Present, Future
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 4
Magazines are probably the most resilient mass medium we have, which is good news in the digital age. Even though the magazine business was hit hard in recent years, a look at its past and future is far more cheering. In this class, students learn how to investigate a magazine from the past as a way of understanding the magazine business from the inside. They also learn from current magazine editors, writers, and publishers, with a four-night trip to New York City (additional fee required). And students create teams to produce a tablet-ready magazine prototype. Cumming.
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JOUR 218 - Online Speech: Refuges, Harbors and Perils
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: JOUR 101 or sophomore standing. An examination of how the marketplace of ideas created on the World Wide Web impacts, impedes, and affects our communication and discernment abilities through looking at the laws that empower, encourage, and inhibit these abilities on the Web. The online experience includes clashes of interests, conflicts between content producers and content users, issues of privacy and defamation, and amplified roles and effects of anonymous speech in the society. Students examine how courts and lawmakers have dealt with these conflicts, the kinds of public policies engendered, and the effects on the First Amendment. Specific cases include controversies involving Google, YouTube, MySpace, Craigslist, etc. and legislative instruments such as the DMCA and the CDA. This seminar focuses on online speech as it affects defamation, privacy, anonymity, pornography, social networking, and citizen journalism. While technical knowledge is not required to take the class, students must be willing to actively participate in class projects. Abah.
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JOUR 220 - Social Media: Principles and Practice
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: JOUR 201 or instructor consent. In this course, students dive deep into social media, learning how to use it as thoughtful and ethical professionals, and examining its growing roles in society, politics, identity, and relationships. Students get hands-on experience in producing news for social media by running a multi-platform social news service. They also learn how to plan a strategic social media campaign, how to use metrics to analyze social media effectiveness, and how to use social media in reporting. Coddington
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JOUR 221 - Communication in Global Perspectives
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: JOUR 101. Open to majors and non-majors. Addressing a series of debates centered on the media, power and globalization, locating these in their historical and cultural perspective. In doing so, we explore ways in which media power is contested, and consider whether opportunities for resistance provided by new technologies represent a significant break with the past. A critical appraisal of the relationship between media and power at the level of culture, institutions, and social processes by examining the impact of technology on local and/or national media and communications industries in emerging democracies. Abah.
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JOUR 227 - Public Relations Writing
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: JOUR 201. A writing course to teach the many forms of persuasive writing used by public relations practitioners to reach diverse audiences. Through frequent writing assignments and revisions, students master the art of press releases, media pitches, media alerts, features, public service announcements, newsletters, press kits, backgrounders, and coverage memos for appropriate media outlets. Students are exposed to social media and video skills as well as writing. Staff.
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JOUR 231 - Communication Theory
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: JOUR 101; at least sophomore standing; restricted to journalism and strategic communication majors and mass communications minors; or instructor consent. A critical overview of leading theoretical traditions in communication studies. Examination of the concepts of general and thematic theories in use, describing the similarities and differences among the concepts and applying them in practical situations. Some attention is paid to epistemological foundations, the structure of communication theory as a field, and examining the relationship between communication theory and sociocultural practice. Artwick.
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JOUR 240 - Poverty in the Media
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. Appropriate for non-majors. An in-depth examination of portrayals of poverty, chiefly in the United States, from the late 19th century to the present through an intensive review of distinguished print journalism, nonfiction books, documentary film, and movies. By consulting social science literature as well, students gain a deeper understanding of the various conceptual paradigms through which poverty has been understood and explained. Counts as part of the Shepherd Program in Poverty and Human Capability Colón.
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JOUR 242 - Media Ownership and Control
FDR: SS5
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: At least junior standing or instructor consent. This course explores the relationship between what the media do and how they are owned and run. It examines the influence of market pressures and state regulation, and asks how commercial objectives affect the media’s ability to meet their traditional responsibilities within a democratic society, as a forum for discourse, an organ of accountability and a means by which popular culture is sustained. Although the chief focus is on news media, the course also looks at the entertainment industries and the Internet as increasingly integrated parts of a consolidated media system and as interpreters of social and political realities. Staff.
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JOUR 258 - Beat Reporting
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: JOUR 202. Using the community as the laboratory, students develop competence in the principles and techniques of reporting and writing news for online, broadcast and social media in a democratic society. Working on assigned beats, students learn source development, news judgment, information gathering, news presentation and time management. Work is published and aired on the Rockbridge Report website and newscast. Staff.
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JOUR 266 - Cross-Cultural Documentary Filmmaking
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 3
The United States is a melting pot of nationalities and cultures. As people move to the U.S. from other countries they go through cross-cultural adaptation, and identity becomes an issue for everyone. Students in this course work in three-person teams to produce five-minute documentaries on cross-cultural adaptation by an ethnic community in our region or by selected international students at Washington and Lee. Students are expected to immerse themselves in learning about the home countries and current communities of their subjects. The course includes instruction in the techniques of documentary film-making, allowing students to develop their writing, storytelling, shooting and editing skills. Finch.
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JOUR 268 - News Media, Race and Ethnicity
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. This course examines how the news media cover race and ethnicity. How accurate is the portrayal of racial and ethnic groups? How do news media deal with clichés, ignorance and fear when it comes to differences? Do they offer a comprehensive and contextual view? The course highlights some of the best examples of reporting on race and ethnicity and how such reporting delves into the complexity of culture that can educate and surprise. Colón.
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JOUR 270 - Digital Media and Society
Credits: 4
Facebook, YouTube, and iPhones are popular, if not essential elements in college students’ busy lives. Being born into the digital age, students have grown up with profound and rapidly changing media and communication technologies, yet likely take them for granted. This course takes an in-depth look at digital media, exploring the relationship between technology and social change. The concept of technological determinism guides our examination of social networking, online news/information, digital entertainment, and health online. Artwick.
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JOUR 273 - Principles of Public Relations
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: JOUR 227 or instructor consent. This class focuses on understanding what public relations is and what those who practice public relations do. Students examine the origins of public relations, the nature and role of public relations, the major influences that affect organizational behavior, the ethics of public relations, and the professional development of public-relations professionals. Emphasis is placed on the planning, writing, and management functions, working with media and developing effective public-relations strategies. Abah.
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JOUR 280 - Covering Courts and the Law
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: At least sophomore standing. Appropriate for non-majors. Courthouses make the best beats by providing a window on what is important to the American people. This course introduces students to the U.S. court system, its players, language and impact on the public at large. Students learn how to identify newsworthy legal stories, read court documents, and make sense of them in order to write clear, compelling, fair and accurate news stories for mass audiences. Locy.
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JOUR 295 - Topics in Journalism and Mass Communications
Credits: 3-4
Study of a selected topic in journalism or mass communications. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Appropriate for non-majors.
Spring 2019, JOUR 295-01: Say What? Landmark First Amendment Cases and their Implications for Speech in the 21st Century (3). This course helps students to understand the First Amendment in context and the different forms of expressions that have shaped its jurisprudence. The U.S. Supreme Court’s interpretations of expression have implications for all aspects of American political life and often involve protection of minority, often unpopular, viewpoints from being overpowered by the majority, or by the government. Abah.
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JOUR 301 - Law and Communications
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Junior standing. An examination of the development of First Amendment jurisprudence, the law of defamation, privacy, access, free press-fair trial, journalists’ privilege, obscenity and pornography. The case study approach is used, but the emphasis is on the principles that underlie the landmark cases. This course can serve as an introduction to and preparation for further studies in communications law and/or the legal system in general. Abah.
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JOUR 303 - Covering Great Trials in History: The Impact of the Press and Public on Justice
FDR: HU
Credits: 4
From the Salem Witch Trials and the Lindbergh Baby kidnapping to the Charles Manson Family and O.J. Simpson, Americans have long been fascinated by crime and punishment. Rich or poor, admired or scorned, defendants in high-profile trials captivate the public because they illuminate our potential for good and evil by revealing our hopes, dreams, and fears at a particular time in history. Often in dramatic fashion, trials expose society’s weaknesses by dissecting the violent tendencies and obsessions of the people we thought were worthy of our respect or our fear. But does this obsession with the law serve the greater good? Are prosecutors playing on the public’s fears? Are judges doing enough to ensure fair trials? Are defense attorneys serving their clients, or themselves? Does the press, in sensational, simplistic coverage, do more harm than good? And is the public becoming disillusioned with the American legal system? This course examines these issues by placing great trials in their context in history and exploring the complexities of the conflict between the freedom of the press and the ideal of a fair trial. Locy.
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JOUR 318 - The Literature of Journalism
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Sophomore standing and completion of FDR FW writing requirement. Appropriate for non-majors. A study of the seminal writings in American journalism, focusing on their literary styles, their influence in the development of American journalism, and their impact on U.S. history. Cumming.
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JOUR 325 - Crisis Communications
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: JOUR 273 or instructor consent; at least junior standing. A case-study approach to current methods of forecasting problems and responding effectively to crises and consequences in the public and private sectors. Topics include identifying and communicating effectively with stakeholders during crises, effective media-relations strategies during emergencies, building an effective crisis-response plan, regaining public credibility following a crisis, and avoiding public relations mistakes during litigation. Abah.
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JOUR 332 - Research Methods in Mass Communication
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: JOUR 101 or instructor consent; at least sophomore standing. This course introduces students to the systematic study of communication, including quantitative and qualitative research methodologies in both theory-building and applied contexts. Students examine the research process, conceptualization, design, measurement, and analysis. Modes of inquiry studied include survey research, content analysis, experimental research, focus groups, depth interviewing, ethnography, and historical research. The class also engages students in a research project that may serve a local nonprofit agency. Artwick.
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JOUR 338 - The Documentary
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Junior standing. Appropriate for nonmajors. A critical study of the documentary in film and television, with analysis of prominent directors and genres. Finch.
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JOUR 341 - Multimedia Storytelling Design
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: At least junior class standing. Have you ever wondered how news organizations put together their Pulitzer Prize-winning interactive stories? This course introduces students to tools that help them imagine, design, and create powerful interactive features with audio, video, graphics, and words on the cutting edge of journalism and mass communications. Students learn web design and programming skills using HTML CSS and JavaScript. This course is for students with little or no coding experience but who want to know, “How they did that.” Barry, Locy
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JOUR 344 - Ethics of Journalism
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: POL 203 and at least junior standing. Appropriate for nonmajors. A study of the moral issues arising from the practice of modern journalism and communications. Includes examination of philosophical and theoretical foundations of ethics, the place and role of journalism in the larger society, and moral choices in the newsroom. Topics include: First Amendment freedoms, privacy, confidentiality of sources, conflicts of interest, cooperation with law enforcement, free press/fair trial, photojournalism, and issues of accountability. Colón.
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JOUR 345 - Media Ethics
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: JOUR 201 and at least junior standing. Preference given to strategic communication majors, mass communications minors, and seniors during initial registration. This course enables students to explore ethical challenges that arise within the various communication practices of contemporary media: journalism, public relations, advertising, documentary film, blogging and fictional programming. The course offers a grounding in moral reasoning and an understanding of professional ethics as an evolving response to changing social and industrial conditions in the media industries. Colón.
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JOUR 351 - Editing for Print and Online Media
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: JOUR 201 and at least junior standing. The principles and techniques of editing copy and producing publications for digital and print media, with emphasis on clarity of thought, legal and moral responsibilities, and effective communication. Extensive laboratory work. Attention is given to the latest computer-based production and editing applications, as students participate in editing stories produced for the Rockbridge Report website and newscast. Staff.
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JOUR 353 - Opinion Writing
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. Appropriate for majors and nonmajors. Opinion writing is growing in popularity and importance, though much of it is derivative and shrill. This course develops students’ ability to write opinion based on fact and reasoned argument across a range of genres, including editorial writing, column writing, criticism, and blogging. Currency in public affairs is emphasized along with building skills in persuasion, formulating coherent positions, developing voice and encouraging civil dialogue. The course is highly interactive and participatory. Staff.
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JOUR 356 - In-depth Reporting
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: JOUR 258 and JOUR 351 or 362. The principles and techniques of developing and creating enterprising, heavily researched journalistic work for the mass media. Students produce in-depth work that they showcase on a website. Extensive group work is required. Locy.
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JOUR 362 - Producing for Broadcast and Online Media
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: JOUR 258 or instructor consent and at least junior standing. Preparation for leadership roles in electronic media. Extensive work in decision-making and management in the newsroom through television news producing and Internet content construction. Finch.
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JOUR 365 - The Broadcast News Magazine
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: JOUR 201. The principles and techniques involved in developing and creating enterprising longer-form journalistic work for a converged environment, principally television and digital media. Students research, write, and produce news and feature packages similar to those of network television news magazines for broadcast on the local cable-access channel. Staff.
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JOUR 371 - Reporting on Business
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: At least junior standing. Reporting and writing techniques used by journalists who cover the world of business, focusing especially on companies and their employees and customers. Students develop competence in framing, researching, and writing articles in these areas. A part of the business journalism sequence; also appropriate as an elective for other journalism majors and for business majors. Swasy.
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JOUR 372 - Reporting on the Economy
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: At least junior standing. Reporting and writing techniques used by journalists who cover the world of economics and business, focusing especially on the economy and financial markets. Students develop competence in framing, researching, and writing articles in these areas. A part of the business journalism sequence; also appropriate as an elective for other journalism majors and for business and economics majors. Swasy.
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JOUR 377 - Media Management & Entrepreneurship
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 3-4
Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. Appropriate for non-majors. Additional course fee required. A seminar examining trends and challenges in media management, including a close examination of industry economics, changing reader and viewer habits, revenue and profit pressures, and labor and management issues unique to the news profession. Swasy.
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JOUR 395 - Specialty Reporting
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: Journalism 201 and junior standing, or instructor consent. An advanced reporting course in which students develop expertise in a particular area of public significance. Topics rotate as faculty resources allow, and are likely to include education, politics, environment, religion, or education. Through reporting and writing, students learn about key institutions, terms, and sources related to the particular field. They learn how to identify newsworthy stories and write clear, compelling, fair, and accurate news stories for mass audiences. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Appropriate for non-majors.
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JOUR 399 - Contemporary Problems in Law and Journalism
(LAW 242)
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: JOUR 301 and instructor consent. Enrollment limited. A seminar devoted to the study of issues on the frontier of developments in law and journalism. Issues to be addressed include limits on the dignitary torts of privacy and emotional distress; limitations on public availability of governmental information; the impact of new technology on communications law; proposals for reform of libel law; and the role of reporters, editors and legal counsel in the news process. Abah, Murchison.
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JOUR 401 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 1
Prerequisites: JOUR 201 and permission of the department faculty. Directed study individually arranged and supervised in any area of the mass media. Staff.
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JOUR 402 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 2
Prerequisites: JOUR 201 and permission of the department faculty. Directed study individually arranged and supervised in any area of the mass media. Staff.
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JOUR 403 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: JOUR 201 and permission of the department faculty. Directed study individually arranged and supervised in any area of the mass media. Staff.
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JOUR 421 - Directed Individual Research
Credits: 1
Prerequisites: JOUR 201 and permission of the department faculty. Research or creative projects, individually arranged and supervised, in any phase of mass media and related operations. Staff.
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JOUR 422 - Directed Individual Research
Credits: 2
Prerequisites: JOUR 201 and permission of the department faculty. Research or creative projects, individually arranged and supervised, in any phase of mass media and related operations. Staff.
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JOUR 423 - Directed Individual Research
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: JOUR 201 and permission of the department faculty. Research or creative projects, individually arranged and supervised, in any phase of mass media and related operations. Staff.
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JOUR 451 - News Internship
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 1
Prerequisites: JOUR 201 and permission of the department. Limited to declared Journalism or Strategic Communication majors. Professional service, arranged and supervised individually, with newspapers, radio and television stations, online news sites, or other news media or business institutions, as appropriate. Students proposing to undertake an internship must meet and coordinate their plans with the department’s internship supervisor by November 15 of the year in which they plan to serve the internship. May be carried out during the summer. Staff.
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JOUR 452 - News Internship
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 2
Prerequisites: JOUR 202 and permission of the department. Limited to declared Journalism or Strategic Communication majors. Professional service, arranged and supervised individually, with newspapers, radio and television stations, online news sites, or other news media or business institutions, as appropriate. Students proposing to undertake an internship must meet and coordinate their plans with the department’s internship supervisor by November 15 of the year in which they plan to serve the internship. May be carried out during the summer. Staff.
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JOUR 453 - News Internship
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: JOUR 202 and permission of the department. Limited to declared Journalism or Strategic Communication majors. Professional service, arranged and supervised individually, with newspapers, radio and television stations, online news sites, or other news media or business institutions, as appropriate. Students proposing to undertake an internship must meet and coordinate their plans with the department’s internship supervisor by November 15 of the year in which they plan to serve the internship. May be carried out during the summer. Staff.
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JOUR 461 - Communications Internship
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 1
Prerequisites: JOUR 201 and permission of the department. Limited to declared Journalism or Strategic Communication majors. Professional service, arranged and supervised individually, in public relations, advertising, corporate communications, or other mass media-related businesses, as appropriate. Students proposing to undertake an internship must meet and coordinate their plans with the department’s internship supervisor by March 1 of the year in which they plan to serve the internship. May be carried out during the summer. Staff.
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