2013-2014 University Catalog

Apr 25, 2024

2013-2014 University Catalog archived

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History
	HIST 190 - Bibliographical Resources Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Winter Corequisite: Enrollment in a history course requiring a research paper. An introduction to bibliographical tools and their use, including finding aids to the historical literature of various countries and periods. Most class meetings and assignments take place in the first half of the term in order to permit completion of a specialized bibliography essential to the preparation of the research paper in the corequisite course. Degree credit is given for only one 190 course, regardless of academic discipline. Directed by the history faculty and the library staff.
	HIST 195 - Topics in History for First-years and Sophomores FDR: HU Credits: 3 credits in Fall or Winter; 4 credits in Spring Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: Varies with topic. Selected topic or problem in history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Spring 2014 topic: HIST 195: Introductory Seminar on Thomas Jefferson (4). A seminar focusing on the life and times of Thomas Jefferson: planter, slave owner, husband, father, author, legislator, diplomat, Secretary of State, Vice President, President, sage. It devotes much of its attention to his two terms as president and also examines his life before his election to the presidency in 1801 and after the expiration of his second term in office. We analyze his strengths and weaknesses, his successes and failures, and his legacy. Includes readings in primary and secondary sources, discussion, weekly essays, and optional tours of Monticello and Poplar Forest. (HU) Merchant. Spring 2014 Winter 2014 topic: HIST-195: Race and Ethnicity in Latin America (3). This course examines the history of race and ethnicity in Latin America from the colonial past to the republican present. We focus on the origin and evolution of these contentious concepts and also explore how they operated in distinct local-historical contexts, generating social exclusion and, paradoxically, political inclusion. (HU) Gildner. Fall 2013 topic: HIST 195-01: Animal Behavior and Human Morality, 1800-present (3). This course deals with the history of the study of animal behavior in its bearing on human morality, from the beginning of the professionalization of the subject around 1800 till the present day. Time and again, tentative connections have been and are being made between the ways animals behave and how humans conduct themselves, thus conferring legitimacy on shared traits. The line of argument in making these linkages is simple and straightforward: if animals behave in certain ways, these ways are natural and therefore beyond reproach; if humans share these traits, they, too, are free of blame. Issues of gender and sexuality traditionally have been at the center of these considerations, but also marriage, the family, slavery, systems of government (monarchy, republic, etc.) have been argued for or against on the basis of animal examples. (HU) Rupke.
	HIST 200 - Dante: Renaissance and Redemption FDR: HU Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years A survey of the culture, society, and politics of early Renaissance Italy using the life of the Florentine poet Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) and his Divine Comedy. This period witnessed revolutions in Florence and Rome and the emergence of new artistic forms aimed at reconciling Christian beliefs with classical thought, notably that of the Greek philosopher Aristotle and the Roman poet Virgil. It also generated conflicts between popes, kings, and emperors that issued ultimately in modern European states. First, we survey Dante’s historical setting using a chronicle by one of his contemporaries, Dino Compagni. We then follow Dante on his poetic pilgrimage of personal and collective redemption through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven as he synthesized the artistic, religious, philosophical and political challenges of his age. Peterson.
	HIST 201 - Europe in the Early Middle Ages, 325-1198 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Examines, through lectures and discussions, the culture and society of late Roman antiquity, the rise of Christianity and the formation of the Western church, Europe’s relations with Byzantium and Islam, Germanic culture, monasticism, Charlemagne’s empire, the Vikings, feudalism, manorialism, agriculture and the rise of commerce, gender roles and family structures, warfare and the Crusades, the growth of the papacy and feudal monarchies, the conflict between church and state, the revival of legal studies and theology, and the development of chivalric and romantic ideals in the cultural renewal of the 11th and 12th centuries. Peterson.
	HIST 202 - Europe in the Late Middle Ages, 1198-1500 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Examines, through lectures and discussions, the high medieval papacy; the rise of new lay religious movements; Franciscans and Dominicans; dissent and heresy; the Inquisition; Jews and minorities; the rise of universities; scholasticism and humanism; the development of law; Parliament and constitutionalism; the Hundred Years War; the Black Death; the papal schism and conciliarism; gender roles; family structures and child rearing; Europe’s relations with Islam and Byzantium; and the rise of commerce, cities and urban values, as well as of the “new monarchies.” Peterson.
	HIST 203 - The Italian Renaissance in Its Historical Setting FDR: HU Credits: 3 Examines, through lectures and discussions, the Italian Renaissance within the framework of European religious, political and cultural development. The rise and impact of commercial and urban values on religious and political life in the Italian communes to the time of Dante. Cultural and political life in the “despotic” signorie and in republics such as Florence and Venice. The diffusion of Renaissance cultural ideals from Florence to the other republics and courts of 15th-century Italy, to the papacy, and to Christian humanists north of the Alps. Readings from Dante, Petrarch, Leonardo Bruni, Pico della Mirandola and Machiavelli. Peterson.
	HIST 204 - The Age of Reformation FDR: HU Credits: 3 Examines the origins, development, and consequences of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations of the 16th century. The late medieval religious environment; the emergence of new forms of lay religious expression; the impact of urbanization; and the institutional dilemmas of the church. The views of leading reformers, such as Luther, Calvin, and Loyola; and the impact of differing social and political contexts; and technological innovations, such as printing, on the spread of reform throughout Europe. The impact of reform and religious strife on state development and the emergence of doctrines of religious toleration and philosophical skepticism; recent theses and approaches emphasizing “confessionalization,” “social discipline,” and “microhistory.” Peterson.
	HIST 205 - Public and Private in Europe, 1700-1900 FDR: HU Credits: 4 This course investigates the construction of and relationship between public and private spheres in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. This class investigates the relationship between civil society and democracy, how women’s roles were redefined at the advent of modernity and the relationship between the public and the private spheres. Horowitz.
	HIST 208 - France: Old Regime and Revolution FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2013 and alternate years Historical study of France from the reign of Louis XIV to the Revolution, tracing the changes to French society, culture and politics in the 17th and 18th centuries. Topics include absolutism under Louis XIV, the Enlightenment, socioeconomic changes during the 18th century, and the Revolution. Horowitz.
	HIST 209 - France in the 19th and 20th Centuries FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2014 and alternate years Historical study of France from the Revolution through the present, tracing France’s revolutionary tradition and the continuing “Franco-French” war it spawned, and the construction of and challenges to French national identity. Topics include the successive revolutions of the 19th century, the acquisition and loss of two empires, and the transformations in French society brought by wars, industrialization, and immigration. Horowitz.
	HIST 210 - Rereading/Rewriting Paris FDR: HU Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2013 This course spends four weeks in Paris analyzing the city as a dense and multilayered “text.” Through daily readings, site visits, and film screenings, we examine how contemporary Paris manifests its complex history from Roman colonization to the present. Topics studied include memory, space, the flâneur, power, violence, universalism. and tourism. Interdisciplinary course readings draw from the fields of history (Nora, Stora, Shattuck), literature (Proust. Baudelaire, Perec, Rabelais), and cultural theory (Lefebvre, Certeau, Benjamin, Foucault. Freud). Horowitz, Chenoweth.
	HIST 213 - Germany, 1815-1914 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: HIST 101 and 102 from AP credit, only for first-year students. No prerequisite for upperclass students. The impact of the French Revolution on Germany, the onset of industrialization, the revolution of 1848, the career of Bismarck and Germany’s wars of national unification, the Kulturkampf between Protestants and Catholics, the rise of the socialist labor movement, liberal feminism and the movement for women’s rights, the origins of “Imperialism” in foreign policy, and Germany’s role in the outbreak of the First World War. Patch.
	HIST 214 - Germany, 1914-2000 FDR: HU Credits: 3 The failure of Germany’s first attempt at democracy in the Weimar Republic, the interaction between art and politics, the mentality of the Nazis, the institutions of the Third Reich, the Second World War and Holocaust, the occupation and partition of Germany in 1945, the reasons for the success of democratic institutions in the Federal Republic, the origins of modern feminism, the economic collapse of the German Democratic Republic, and the process of national reunification in 1989-91. Patch.
	HIST 215 - From Weimar to Hitler: Modernism and Anti-Modernism in German Culture after the First World War FDR: HU Credits: 4 Prerequisite: HIST 102, ARTH 263, or GERM 314 or instructor consent. Germany adopted an admirably democratic constitution after the First World War, and the Weimar Republic became a center of bold experimentation in literature, the arts, theater, cinema, and scholarship, but it also became a hotbed of radical nationalism and xenophobia. This course analyzes the relationship between art and politics through case studies in the debates provoked by anti-war films and poetry, the Bauhaus “international style” of architecture, the plays of Bertolt Brecht, expressionist art, and films and paintings to celebrate the advent of the “New Woman.” Why did modernism inspire so much anxiety in Germany in the 1920s? To what extent did cultural experimentation contribute to the popularity of Adolf Hitler? What lessons did Weimar intellectuals in exile learn from the Nazi seizure of power? Patch.
	HIST 217 - History of the British Isles to 1688 FDR: HU Credits: 3 An examination of British history to 1688 through the study of various themes and events, such as social, political and constitutional development, the breach with Rome, the Puritan Revolt, and the Revolution of 1688. Schnepper.
	HIST 218 - History of the British Isles Since 1688 FDR: HU Credits: 3 An examination of British history since 1688 through the study of various themes and events, such as the England of Newton and Johnson; conflict with France; the growth of the empire; adjustments to economic, social, and political changes in the 19th and 20th centuries. Schnepper.
	HIST 220 - Imperial Russia, 1682 to 1917 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Completion of HIST 101 or HIST 102 is recommended before taking HIST 220. Open to sophomores, juniors and seniors. From the rise to power of Peter the Great, Russia’s first emperor, through the fall of the Romanov dynasty. Completion of either Bidlack.
	HIST 221 - Soviet Russia, 1917 to 1991 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Completion of HIST 102 is recommended before taking HIST 221. Open to sophomores, juniors and seniors. Interested first-years can request instructor consent. The revolutions of 1917, the emergence of the Soviet system, the Stalinist period, Stalin’s successors, and the eventual collapse of the USSR. Bidlack.
	HIST 222 - Decline and Fall of the Soviet Union and Resurgence of Russia FDR: HU Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years. This course analyzes the reasons for the decline of the Soviet Union commencing in the latter part of the Brezhnev era and its collapse under the weight of the failed reforms of Gorbachev. It further traces the fragmentation of the USSR into fifteen republics and the simultaneous devolution of authority within the Russian Republic under Yeltsin. The course concludes with the remarkable reassertion of state power under Putin up to the present. Students write an essay assessing the Yeltsin transition and engage in a class debate at the end of the term on the prospects for Russia’s future. Bidlack.
	HIST 223 - International Relations, 1815-1918: Europe and the World FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2013 and alternate years Topics include the “Metternich system” for maintaining peace, strains in that system caused by the rise of nationalism, European relations with Africa and Asia during the era of Free Trade, the dramatic expansion of Europe’s colonial empires in the late-19th century (with special emphasis on the partition of Africa), the development of rival alliance systems within Europe, and the causes of the First World War. Our goal is to understand the causes of international conflict and the most successful strategies for maintaining peace. Patch.
	HIST 224 - International Relations, 1919-1970: The End of European Hegemony FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2014 and alternate years Topics include the Versailles peace settlement of 1919, the spread of the British Empire to the Middle East and birth of Palestinian nationalism, the impact of the Great Depression and totalitarianism on international relations, the outbreak of the Second World War, the Holocaust and foundation of the State of Israel, the Nuremberg Trials, decolonization in Africa and Asia, the origins of the Cold War, and the foundation of the European Economic Community. What have Europeans learned about conflict resolution from their experience of two world wars and numerous colonial wars? Patch.
	HIST 226 - European Intellectual History, 1880 to 1960 FDR: HU Credits: 3 The central ideas of Darwin, Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud, and the responses by the religious and cultural establishment to these subversive thinkers. Patch.
	HIST 229 - Topics in European History FDR: HU Credits: 3 credit in fall or winter; 4 in spring) A course offered from time to time depending on student interest and staff availability, on a selected topic or problem in European history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Winter 2014 Topic: HIST-229-01: 19th-Century Scandal, Crime and Spectacle (3). This course examines the fascination with scandal and crime in 19th-century Europe. We discuss the nature of scandals, theories of criminality in the 19th century, crime and urbanization, the connection between scandals and political change, and how scandals and ideas about crime were used to articulate new ideas about class, gender and sexuality. Some of the particular topics this class covers include the Diamond Necklace Affair, the Queen Caroline Affair, the trial of Oscar Wilde, and the Jack the Ripper murders. (HU) Horowitz. History 229-02: Nazism and the Third Reich (3). No prerequisite. This course introduces students to the lively debates among scholars and selected primary sources regarding the causes of the failure of democracy in the Weimar Republic, the mentality of Nazi leaders and followers, the nature of the regime created by them in 1933, the impact of the Third Reich on the position of women in German society, and the degree to which the German people supported the Third Reich’s criminal policies of war and racial persecution. (HU) Patch
	HIST 233 - U.S.-Latin American Relations from 1825 to Present FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2013 Examines the historical interaction between Latin America and the United States from Spanish American Independence in 1825 to the present. Explores the political, social, cultural, economic, and ecological dimensions of this relationship, focusing on such key themes as imperialism, development, military-state relations, the environment, the war on drugs, science and technology, and human rights. Gildner.
	HIST 234 - Nations and Nationalism (SOC 234) FDR: SS4 Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2014 and alternate years. This course examines the rise and global spread of national identity over the last five centuries by considering cases from Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas and using these to test major theories of nationalism from history and the social sciences. Major questions considered include the following: What, if any, are the empirically identifiable relationships between national identity and other major dimensions of “modernization,” such as the rise of the modern state and industrial capitalism? Is nationalism a cause, consequence, or victim of “globalization”? Can we construct a theory of the spread of national identity that not only makes sense of macro-level patterns but also articulates clear “microfoundations” and identifiable causal mechanisms? Eastwood.
	HIST 238 - Anthropology of American History (ANTH 238) FDR: SS4 Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2013 and alternate years Prerequisite: Instructor consent. This course explores issues within historic American communities that ethnographers often investigate among living groups, including cultural values, religious ideologies, class structures, kinship networks, gender roles, and interethnic relations. Although the communities of interest in this course ceased to exist generations ago, many of their characteristic dynamics are accessible through such means as archaeology, architectural history, and the study of documents. Case studies include early English settlement in Plymouth, Mass.; the 18th-century plantation world of Virginia and South Carolina; the post-Revolutionary Maine frontier and 19th-century California. Bell.
	HIST 240 - Early American History to 1788 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2013 An intensive study of the political, constitutional, economic and social development of British North America from European discovery through the American Revolution and the years of the Confederation government. DeLaney.
	HIST 242 - The United States, 1789-1840 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2013 Prerequisite: Open to any senior, junior or sophomore, and first years who have credit in Hist 107 and 108. The political, constitutional, economic and social history of the United States from the beginning of Washington’s first term as president to the end of Van Buren’s only term. Launching the Republic; Hamiltonian economic program; the first party system; the Revolution of 1800, the second war for independence; the second party system; westward expansion; Nullification; the Bank War; and the second Great Awakening. Merchant.
	HIST 244 - The Military Leadership of the Civil War: Four Case Studies FDR: HU Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2013 Prerequisite: Instructor consent required. Most appropriate for students who have completed HIST 245. This seminar examines the role of military decision-making, the factors that shape it and determine its successes and failures, by focusing on four Civil War battles: Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. Extensive reading and writing. Battlefield tours. Merchant.
	HIST 245 - The American Civil War FDR: HU Credits: 3 The sectional crisis. The election of 1860 and the secession of the southern states. Military strategy and tactics. Weapons, battles, leaders. Life of the common soldier. Diplomacy: King Cotton and King Wheat. The politics of war. The economics of growth and destruction. Emancipation. Life behind the lines. Victory and defeat. Merchant.
	HIST 247 - America in the Gilded Age, 1870-1900 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2014 and alternate years A survey of the transformation of American society under the impact of industrialization and urbanization. It examines how business leaders, workers, farmers, and the middle class attempted to shape the new industrial society to their own purposes. Emphasis is given to social, intellectual, and cultural experiences and to politics. Senechal.
	HIST 248 - Populism, Progressivism, and the New Deal FDR: HU Credits: 3 The major political, economic, social and intellectual changes that occurred in American life between 1890 and 1945 are examined. Michelmore.
	HIST 253 - Gay and Lesbian Life in 20th-Century United States FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2013 An intensive study of the gay and lesbian experience, with some focus on bisexual and transgendered persons. This course also traces social perceptions of homosexuality from the beginning of the 20th century through the cultural and religious wars of the early 21st century. DeLaney.
	HIST 257 - History of Women in America, 1609-1870 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2013 and alternate years An examination of women’s social, political, cultural and economic positions in America through the immediate post-Civil War. Changes in women’s education, legal status, position in the family, and participation in the work force with emphasis on the diversity of women’s experience, especially the manner in which class and race influenced women’s lives. The growth of organized women’s rights. Senechal.
	HIST 258 - History of Women in America, 1870 to the Present FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2014 and alternate years A survey of some of the major topics and themes in American women’s lives from the mid-19th century to the present, including domestic and family roles, economic contributions, reproductive experience, education, suffrage, and the emergence of the contemporary feminist movement. The influence on women’s roles, behavior, and consciousness by the social and economic changes accompanying industrialization and urbanization and by variations in women’s experience caused by differences in race, class, and region. Senechal.
	HIST 259 - The History of the African-American People to 1877 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2013 An intensive study of the African-American experience from the colonial period through Reconstruction. Special emphasis is given to the slave experience, free blacks, black abolitionists, development of African-American culture, Emancipation, Black Reconstruction, and racial attitudes. DeLaney.
	HIST 260 - The History of the African-American People since 1877 FDR: HU Credits: 3 An intensive study of the African-American experience from 1877 to the present. Special emphasis is given to the development of black intellectual and cultural traditions, development of urban communities, emergence of the black middle class, black nationalism, the civil rights era, and the persistence of racism in American society. DeLaney.
	HIST 262 - The Old South to 1860 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2014 A study of the making of the Old South. Slavery. Antebellum political, economic, social, and cultural developments. The origins and growth of sectionalism. Myers.
	HIST 263 - The South Since 1877 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Restoration of conservative control. The New South Creed. Tenant farms and mill villages. The agrarian revolt and the Populist party. Racial segregation. Progressives and Dixie demagogues. The Great Depression and the New Deal. The crusade for civil rights. Economic and political transformation since 1945. Merchant.
	HIST 267 - Mapping the American City: Metropolitan History and GIS in the 20th Century FDR: HU Credits: 4 This course provide students with an opportunity to consider the major spatial processes in 20th-century metropolitan history through a local lens by using historical maps, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis techniques to understand and map 20th-century Roanoke history. Specific topics may include “white flight,” industrial deconcentration, deindustrialization, suburbanization, segregation, transportation and urban renewal. Students learn to develop and test research questions as well as the foundations of geographic information science. Michelmore.
	HIST 268 - Building a Suburban Nation: Race, Class, and Politics in Postwar America FDR: HU Credits: 3 Together, the overdevelopment of the suburbs and the underdevelopment of urban centers have profoundly shaped American culture, politics and society in the post-WWII period. This course examines the origins and consequences of suburbanization after 1945. Topics include the growth of the national state, the origins and consequences of suburbanization, the making of the white middle class, the War on Poverty, welfare and taxpayers “rights” movements, “black power,” and how popular culture has engaged with questions about race and class. In the process of understanding the historical roots of contemporary racial and class advantage and disadvantage, this course will shed new light on contemporary public policy dilemmas. Michelmore.
	HIST 269 - Topics in United States, Latin American or Canadian History FDR: HU Credits: 3 in fall or winter; 4 in spring A course offered from time to time, depending on student interest and staff availability, on a selected topic or problem in United States, Latin American or Canadian history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Spring 2014 Topics: HIST 269-01: The Freedom Ride. (4). An intensive study of the Civil Rights Movement through the lens of the Freedom Riders. This reading- and writing-intensive four-week study includes a two-week tour of major Civil Rights protest sites in the lower Southern United States. (HU). DeLaney HIST 269-02: Digital America: A Brief History of the Computer and Modern U.S. Information Society (4). This sprint of a class looks at the birth of the digital computer, traces electronic data processing from the days of mainframes through personal computers and the emergence of today’s digital “cloud,” and interrogates precisely what a modern “information society” in the United States looks like. Equal parts technology, business, politics, culture, and social theory, the class looks at “information” and how it is has been collected, managed, manipulated, and experienced in America over the past seven decades. (HU) McGee. Spring 2014 Winter 2014 Topics: HIST-269-01: Modern U.S. Business History, Late 19th Century to the Present (3). This seminar in the history of capitalism in the United States focuses on the institutions, individuals, and practices that transformed commerce and industry through waves of industrial, management, post-industrial, and information revolutions. We place this transformation within broader political, social, and cultural context. Topics include entrepreneurship; the rise of new models of firms and corporations; the shifting relationship between state and market; the ways in which businesses and businessmen are portrayed by popular culture; and the often-surprising influences of new technologies, the natural environment, emerging social movements, conflicts over labor and state regulation, shifting political ideologies, and evolution in social thought about the broader place of business in American society. (HU) McGee. HIST-269-02: Blacks in the Age of Jim Crow (3). This course is an intensive examination of southern race relations from 1890 through 1965 which focuses on racial injustice and poverty; black education and entrepreneurship; and the quest for Civil Rights and the white backlash that it provoked. It also focuses on white demagogues and liberals as well as black leaders. (HU) DeLaney. HIST-269-03: Evolution of American Warfare (3). This course examines U.S. military history from the colonial period to the post-9/11 American military experience. Since this is a period of more than four hundred years, the class necessarily limits its focus to major topics and central questions facing the men and women who have fought in American wars. We trace the course of American military history by focusing on three themes: the early development of American military institutions, the evolution of military policy toward civilian populations, and the changing face of battle in which Americans have fought. (HU) Myers. Fall 2013 Topic: HIST 269-01: Cancelled HIST 269-02: Experiencing the American Century: The United States 1945 to Present (3). Prerequisite: Open to any senior, junior or sophomore, and first years who have credit in Hist 107 and 108. A survey of American political, cultural, and social history from 1945 to the present. Explores major events, periods, trends, personages, and concepts associated with the period, and students analyze these themes in broader context. Students engage the historical method and communicate structured arguments effectively (in both written and oral form) using secondary literature and primary documents. (HU) McGee.
	HIST 273 - East Africa: A Thousand Years FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Detailed study of East Africa (the area today occupied by Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda) during the past millennium. Topics include the Swahili city-states of the coast, farming and herding societies of the Rift Valley, Great Lakes kingdoms, Zanzibar Sultanate, European colonial rule, and successes and failures of modern nation-states. Jennings.
	HIST 274 - Histories of Everything FDR: HU Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 Intensive reading and analysis of diverse works of world history and “universal history.” Students develop understanding of historiographical traditions and develop their own framework for thinking about the human past. Jennings.
	HIST 275 - World Military History: Akkad to Zulu FDR: HU Credits: 3 History of warfare from its first appearance in human societies to the dawn of the Industrial Revolution. Focus on military systems as constantly evolving blends of organization, technology, strategy, and tactics. We also study how these systems have influenced - and been influenced by - politics, economics, religion, culture, and the environment. Substantial time is devoted to nonwestern military systems of Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Jennings.
	HIST 284 - Visions of Japan’s Empire in East Asia: 19th-Century Origins through World War II FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2014 and alternate years. Japan’s 19th-century imperial system ensured its status as the only major non-western “great power” in the first half of the 20th century. Within the space of its fifty years of existence (1895-1945), imperial Japan underwent radical political, social and cultural transformations that had equally profound effects on East Asian and world history, culminating in World War II. The course explores these distinctive transformations, which constitute Japan’s theory and practice of political and cultural imperialism, through an analysis of text and image, from which the class constructs a website. Bello.
	HIST 285 - Seminar: The Yin and Yang of Gender in Late Imperial China (10th-19th centuries) FDR: HU Credits: 3 Relations between men and women are the basis of any human society, but the exact nature and interpretation of these relations differ from time to time and from place to place. The concepts of Yin (female) and Yang (male) were integral to the theory and practice of Chinese gender relations during the late imperial period, influencing marriage, medicine and law. This course examines the historical significance of late-imperial gender relations across these, and other, categories from both traditional and modern perspectives. Bello.
	HIST 287 - Supervised Study Abroad: Athens (CLAS 287) FDR: HU Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 Prerequisite: Permission of department. Classics, art history, and/or studio in Greece. The credits may be distributed in any way between art and classics, or three credits may be earned in an approved independent study course in any department, including classics. Spring 2014 Topic: HIST 287 (CLAS 287): Supervised Study Abroad: Athens: Nation in Ruins: Ancient Heritage and The Making of The Modern Nation-State. (4) Spring Term Abroad. Prerequisite: Permission of the department. The focus of this interdisciplinary course is the role that ancient heritage plays in shaping the modem nation-state of Greece. After one week of preliminary coursework on campus, we spend three weeks in Athens, Greece, exploring the relationship between the past and present through trips to archaeology sites, museums, and historic neighborhoods. Topics include the art and archaeology of Greece, modem Greek history, the role of foreign schools of archaeology, the socio-political role of museums and archaeology sites, antiquities and the “branding” of national identity, and the relationship between Romanticism in Europe and the creation of the modem Greek national identity. Students will design and carry out group projects in Greece. (HU) Laughy, Gildner
	HIST 289 - Topics in Asian, African, or Islamic History FDR: HU Credits: 3 in fall or winter; 4 in spring Planned Offering: Fall A course offered from time to time depending on student interest and staff availability, on a selected topic or problem in Asian or African history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Winter 2014 Topic: HIST-289-01: Profit and Prophecy (3). This discussion-intensive course engages the ideals and realities of Islamic commerce, from the 7th century in which Muhammad was reported to have been a merchant, to the roots of modern Islamic banking in the Middle East and South Asia. Through social and intellectual historical inquiry, students investigate a range of themes, including: poverty and charity, economic justice and regulation of merchant capitalism, gender and inheritance, debt, trade with non-Muslims, slavery and wage labor, taxation, usury and gambling. Students learn to take a source-critical approach to Islamic writings in translation, including prophetic literature, commentaries, chronicles and histories. Prior knowledge of Islam or Islamic history is not required. (HU) Blecher. HIST 289-02: History of South Africa (3). No prerequisite. Survey of the history of South Africa and its neighbors, examining the region both on its own terms and as a part of world history. Topics include the evolution of humans; the arrival of Bantu-speaking peoples; Dutch settlement and British colonization; expansion of the Zulu kingdom; the Anglo-Boer War; colonialism and independence; and the rise and demise of apartheid. (HU) Jennings Fall 2013 Topic: HIST 289-01: Modern Islamic Political Thought (3). Perequisite: Open to any senior, junior or sophomore, and first years who have credit in Hist 107 and 108 or Hist 101 and 102. This course investigates Islamic political thought and action from the 18th century to the present in light of Islamic writings on politics from the classical and middle ages. Students learn to approach primary and secondary sources critically on a variety of themes, including: Islamic law and the state; just war and violence; Islamism and democracy; women’s participation in the public sphere and in politics; colonialism and the impact of technology and new media in the Middle East and South Asia; blasphemy and free speech; relating to non-Muslims and Muslim minorities in the West; and the changing role of religious education and traditional authority. Blecher.
	HIST 295 - Seminar: Topics in History FDR: FDR designation varies with topic. Credits: 3 in fall or winter; 4 in spring Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. A seminar offered from time to time depending on student interest and staff availability, in a selected topic or problem in history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Spring 2014 topic: HIST 295A-01: Roll Over, Darwin: The Non-Darwinian Tradition in Evolutionary Biology (4). No prerequisite. We begin by discussing the discipline of the history of science and its place in historical scholarship generally. One of the most influential scientific theories is the theory of organic evolution. Its history has largely been written by Darwin and his followers. We shall look at the “Darwin industry” but then additionally explore a revisionist history that incorporates the non-Darwinian approach to the origin of life and species. We look at the scientific facts, the different theories and raise the question “Where were these situated?” “What socio-political purposes and religious connotations did they have?” We end by bringing the historical perspective to bear on today’s ongoing controversies about evolution theory. (HU) Rupke. HIST 295B-01 Rise to World Power, 1776-1920 (4). In the late 18th century, the newly-independent United States was one of the weakest nations in the world. By the early 20th century, it was one of the most powerful. This course, in the history of U.S. foreign relations from 1776 to 1920, explores how and why this dramatic shift occurred. In the process, it emphasizes the interrelationship between domestic and foreign affairs within that history, as well as the origins and evolution of key American diplomatic principles, documents and doctrines. The course also explores the beliefs Americans developed about their place in the world, their expansion across an entire continent, their acquisition of an overseas empire, and the causes and consequences of their participation in armed conflicts from the War for Independence through World War I. Stoler. Spring 2014 Winter 2014 topic: HIST-295-02: Science and the Supernatural (3). In modern – especially late-modern – times, science has become the adjudicator of truth: truth in terms of fact and law-like rationality. The result has been a retreat of the occult, of many superstitions, and the uncovering of fallacies and frauds. Yet large sectors of modern society have remained enamored of the paranormal. Even scientific practitioners themselves, including Nobel Laureates, have kept alive a belief in telepathy, precognition and such phenomena. Equally persistent, especially in religious circles, has been the conviction that miracles do happen; again, great scientists and medical practitioners have supported such notions. In this course, we explore the fascinating history of the uneasy relationship between science and its contested boundaries where fact and fiction overlap. (HU) Rupke. Fall 2013 Topic: HIST 295-01: Seminar: Animal experimentation and animal rights in historical perspective (3). Prerequiste: Open to any senior, junior or sophomore, and first years who have credit in Hist 107 and 108 or Hist 101 and 102. In this course we deal with the place of animals in Western society. More particularly, we trace the history of the use of animals as living objects of laboratory experimentation and explore the controversies that vivisectional practices have engendered. Do animals have rights? What to think of animal liberation activism? To what extent has animal experimentation been essential to the progress of science, especially medical science? We look at these questions in the wider context of humane movements, and of societies that have been established for the prevention of cruelty to animals. Students with sufficient background may engage this course in more depth for credit as HIST 395-02, with instructor consent. Rupke.
	HIST 305 - Seminar: Religion, Church, and Politics in Medieval and Renaissance Society FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: HIST 100, 201 and 202, or 203, or consent of the instructor. The seminar draws on primary and secondary sources to examine the rise of Christianity in Europe, church-state relations, scholastic theology, mendicant piety, lay religious life, mysticism, heresy, humanism, gender and religion, urban and rural contexts, and church reform. Peterson.
	HIST 306 - Seminar: Medieval and Renaissance Political Thought FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: HIST 100, or 201 and 202, or 203, or instructor consent. The seminar draws on primary and secondary sources to survey the evolution of legal and political thought from St. Augustine to Machiavelli. Topics include church-state relations, scholasticism, the revivals of Greek and Roman thought, and humanism. Readings include St. Augustine, John of Salisbury, Thomas Aquinas, Marsilius of Padua, Leonardo Bruni, and Niccolò Machiavelli. Peterson.
	HIST 307 - Seminar: The Machiavellian Moment FDR: HU Credits: 4 A close examination of the republican vision of history and politics elaborated by Machiavelli in his major writings, analyzed in the political, social, religious, literary and artistic contexts of late Renaissance Italy. Peterson.
	HIST 309 - Seminar: The French Revolution FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: 15 credits in history. The French Revolution is one of the most fascinating and momentous events in European history. At once “the best of times” and “the worst of times,” the Revolution was both the origin of modern democracy and a period of tremendous political violence - indeed, some say it is the origins of totalitarianism. In this seminar, we study the following questions: What are the origins of the Revolution? How did a revolution that began with proclamations of human rights turn into one of mass bloodshed in just a few short years? How did a desire for democracy lead to political violence? What was the nature of the Terror, and how can we understand it? We also examine how various schools of history have interpreted the Revolution, as well as the legacy of the Revolution. Horowitz.
	HIST 312 - Seminar on Nazism and the Third Reich FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2014 and alternate years Prerequisite: HIST 102, 214, 215, or 224 or equivalent. Common readings introduce students to some of the most lively debates among scholars about the causes of the failure of democracy in the Weimar Republic, the mentality of Nazi leaders and followers, the nature of the regime created by the Nazis in 1933, the impact of the Third Reich on the position of women in German society, and the degree to which the German people supported this regime’s policies of war and racial persecution. Students develop a research topic related to one of these debates for analysis in a substantial research paper utilizing both primary and secondary sources. Patch.
	HIST 319 - Seminar on The Great War in History and Literature FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: HIST 102, 213, 218, or 223 or equivalent. An advanced seminar in which students analyze different kinds of written accounts of the First World War (memoirs, autobiographical novels, poems, and diaries) by different kinds of participants, including common soldiers, government leaders, and women who worked on the “home front.” In class discussions and two short papers, students evaluate the reliability of these witnesses and what the historian can learn from them about the psychological, cultural, and political consequences of the First World War in Great Britain, France, and Germany. Students choose one question raised in our common meetings for more detailed investigation in a substantial research paper integrating primary and secondary sources. Patch.
	HIST 322 - Seminar in Russian History Credits: 3 credits in fall or winter, 4 in spring Planned Offering: Winter 2014 Prerequisite: Completion of HIST 102 or 221 is recommended prior to taking HIST 322. Junior or senior standing. Selected topics in Russian history, including but not limited to heroes and villains, Soviet biography, Stalin and Stalinism, the USSR in the Second World War and origins of the Cold War, the KGB, and the decline and fall of the Soviet Union and the re-emergence of Russia. May be repeated for degree and major credit if the topics are different. Winter 2014 topic: HIST 322: The USSR in the Second World War and Origins of the Cold War (3). This seminar covers the actions of the Soviet state and people during the Second World War, 1939-1945, and during the early stages of the Cold War up through 1953. (HU) Bidlack.
	HIST 337 - Seminar: Revolutions in Latin America FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. Detailed analysis of 20th-century revolutionary movements in Latin America. Examines historical power struggles, social reforms, and major political changes, with in-depth exploration of Mexico, Bolivia, Cuba, Peru, Chile, and Nicaragua. Explores the social movements and ideologies of underrepresented historical actors, such as peasants, guerrillas, artists, workers, women, students, and indigenous people. Staff.
	HIST 339 - Seminar: Natives and Strangers FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: At least junior standing. An intensive study of the earliest contacts between the eastern tribes of North America and new arrivals from Europe and Africa. Student research papers include primary source materials. DeLaney.
	HIST 344 - Seminar on The United States, 1840-1860 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: Appropriate for juniors and seniors. An intensive examination of the sectional conflict: the Mexican War, Manifest Destiny, slavery and the territories, the abolition movement, the failure of compromise, and secession. Emphasis on the study of primary sources and class discussion of assigned reading. Myers.
	HIST 346 - Seminar on Reconstruction, 1865-1877 FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: Appropriate for juniors and seniors. Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and the restoration of the Union. Congressional Reconstruction and the crusade for black equality. Impeachment of the President. Reconstruction in the South. Carpetbaggers, Scalawags and Freedmen. The politics of growth and greed. Collapse of Republican governments and restoration of conservative control. Implications for the future. Merchant.
	HIST 350 - Seminar: Going Nuclear: American Society, Culture and Politics in the Cold War Era FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. This seminar offers a topical survey of the popular culture, social changes, and domestic politics of the Cold War United States. Themes covered in this course include the dawn of the atomic age, the social and cultural anxieties produced by the Cold War, the privatization of suburban family life, the problems of historical memory, the boundaries of political dissent, and the relationship between international and domestic politics. This course pays special attention to how popular culture responded to, interpreted, and shaped key episodes in the recent national past. Michelmore.
	HIST 354 - Seminar: The History of the American Welfare State FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. This course surveys the history of the U.S. welfare state from its origins in the poorhouses of the nineteenth century to the “end of welfare as we knew it” in 1996. The historical development of the American welfare state is covered, touching on such key policy developments as Progressive Era mothers’ pension programs, the Social Security Act of 1935, Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty, and the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act. Although this course focuses primarily on the United States, students are also asked to compare the U.S. case with the welfare states of other western democracies - including Great Britain, France and the Scandinavian nations - to understand how and why the United States took such a different path. Moving beyond simple policy history, students engage such questions as how the U.S. welfare state has reflected, reinforced, and in some cases produced class, racial, and gendered identities. Michelmore.
	HIST 355 - Seminar: America in the 1960s: History and Memory FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. Hippies, Flower Power, Panthers, Berkeley, Free Love, Free Speech, Freedom Rides, Dylan, Woodstock, Vietnam, Jimmi, Janice, Bobby and Martin. The events and images of the 1960s remain a powerful and often divisive force in America’s recent history and national memory. This course moves beyond these stereotypical images of the “Sixties” to examine the decade’s politics, culture and social movements. Topics include: the Civil Rights and Black Power movements, the Great Society and the War on Poverty, Vietnam, the Anti-War movement and the Counterculture, Massive Resistance, the “Silent Majority” and the Rise of the Conservative Right. Michelmore.
	HIST 361 - The History of Violence in America FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2014 and alternate years Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. An examination of the social origins, evolution, and major forms of extralegal, violent conflict in the United States, including individual and collective violence and conflict related to race, class, gender, politics, and ethnicity, especially emphasizing the 19th and 20th centuries. Major topics include theories of social conflict, slavery and interracial violence, predatory crime, labor strife, and inter-ethnic violence. Senechal.
	HIST 364 - Seminar on the Origins of the Constitution FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: Appropriate for juniors and seniors. An examination of the historical origins and development to 1791 of the Federal Constitution, including English and colonial backgrounds, state constitutions, the Articles of Confederation, drafting and ratification of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Merchant.
	HIST 366 - Seminar: Slavery in the Americas FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisite: At least junior standing. An intensive examination of slavery, abolition movements and emancipation in North America, the Caribbean and Latin America. Emphasis is on the use of primary sources and class discussion of assigned readings. DeLaney.
	HIST 367 - Seminar in American Social History (SOC 367) FDR: HU Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. An examination of selected topics in the social history of the United States. Requirements include a major research paper based on original source material. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Spring 2014 topic: HIST 367: Seminar: 9/11 and Modern Terrorism (4). Terrorism is a form of collective violence famously illustrated in the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon near Washington on September 11, 2001. This course provides an intensive interdisciplinary examination of the origins of the 9/11 attacks and the terrorist organization that launched them. The course also addresses the impact of the attacks and the future prospects of mass violence against civilians, as well as the role of the media in covering (and dramatizing) terrorism. Much of the course focuses on the social divisions and conflicts that lead to terrorism and its increasingly lethal nature over time. Topics include “old terrorism” (as seen in Northern Ireland and Algeria), “new terrorism” (such as that associated with Al Qaeda), the logic of terrorist recruitment, and the nature of and spread of weapons of mass destruction. (HU) Senechal. Spring
	HIST 376 - Seminar: Africa, Science, and Development FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2013 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. History of science-based development projects in Africa during the past hundred years. We study the origins and transformations of the idea of development, focusing on its scientific, cultural, and political roles in African societies. Jennings.
	HIST 377 - Seminar: Congo, Rwanda, and The Modern World FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2013 Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. Examines how this seemingly remote region became the inspiration for the first modern human rights campaign, the source of the uranium used to build the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, a hot spot in the Cold War, and the setting for a genocide that spilled over into an “African World War” fueled by intricate links between African resources and the global economy. Jennings.
	HIST 386 - Seminar: Managing Mongols, Manchus, and Muslims: China’s Frontier History (16th-20th Centuries) FDR: HU Credits: 3 The unprecedented expansionism of China’s last dynasty, the Qing (1644-1911), produced an ethnically and geographically diverse empire whose legacy is the current map and multiethnic society of today’s People’s Republic of China. The Qing Empire’s establishment, extension and consolidation were inextricably bound up with the ethnic identity of its Manchu progenitors. The Manchu attempt to unify diversity resulted in a unique imperial project linking East, Inner and Southeast Asia. This course explores the multiethnic nature and limits of this unification, as well as its 20th-century transformations. Bello.
	HIST 387 - Seminar: The Struggle Over China’s Environment FDR: HU Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2014 The course covers the more recent periods of China’s so-called “3,000 years of unsustainable growth” from about A.D. 618 into the present. Themes focus on China’s historical experience with sedentary agriculture, fossil fuel and nuclear energy, wildlife and forest management, disease, water control, and major construction projects like the Great Wall. Bello.
	HIST 395 - Advanced Seminar FDR: HU Credits: 3 Prerequisites: At least junior standing, 15 credits in history, or consent of the instructor. Prerequisites may vary by topic. A seminar offered from time to time depending on student interest and staff availability, in a selected topic or problem in history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Fall 2013 topics: HIST 395-02: Seminar: Animal experimentation and animal rights in historical perspective (3). Prerequisite: Instructor consent. In this course we deal with the place of animals in Western society. More particularly, we trace the history of the use of animals as living objects of laboratory experimentation and explore the controversies that vivisectional practices have engendered. Do animals have rights? What to think of animal liberation activism? To what extent has animal experimentation been essential to the progress of science, especially medical science? We look at these questions in the wider context of humane movements, and of societies that have been established for the prevention of cruelty to animals. (HU) Rupke.
	HIST 397 - Seminar: Spring-Term Topics in History FDR: HU Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisite: At least junior standing, 15 credits in history, or consent of the instructor. Prerequisites may vary by topic. A seminar in a selected topic or problem in history. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Spring 2014 topic: HIST 397: Roll Over, Darwin: The Non-Darwinian Tradition in Evolutionary Biology (4). Prerequisites: At least junior class standing, 15 credits in history, or instructor consent. We begin by discussing the discipline of the history of science and its place in historical scholarship generally. One of the most influential scientific theories is the theory of organic evolution. Its history has largely been written by Darwin and his followers. We shall look at the “Darwin industry” but then additionally explore a revisionist history that incorporates the non-Darwinian approach to the origin of life and species. We look at the scientific facts, the different theories and raise the question “Where were these situated?” “What socio-political purposes and religious connotations did they have?” We end by bringing the historical perspective to bear on today’s ongoing controversies about evolution theory. (HU) Rupke.
	HIST 401 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 1 Prerequisites: Cumulative grade-point average of 3.250 in all history courses and instructor consent. A course which permits the student to follow a program of directed reading or research in an area not covered by other courses. May be repeated for degree credit with permission. Staff.
	HIST 402 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 2 Prerequisites: Cumulative grade-point average of 3.250 in all history courses and instructor consent. A course which permits the student to follow a program of directed reading or research in an area not covered by other courses. May be repeated for degree credit with permission. Staff.
	HIST 403 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 3 Prerequisites: Cumulative grade-point average of 3.250 in all history courses, completion of three 200- or 300-level history courses, instructor consent., and at least junior standing. A course which permits the student to follow a program of directed reading or research in an area not covered in other courses. May be repeated for degree credit each term of the junior and senior year. Winter 2014 topic: HIST 403-03: From Rhodesia to Zimbabwe (3). Focused independent study of major transitions in the late 20th-century history of what is now called Zimbabwe: from the British colony of Southern Rhodesia to the unrecognized white minority-ruled state of Rhodesia (1965) and from Rhodesia to the independent Republic of Zimbabwe (1980). Jennings
	HIST 453 - Internship in History Credits: 3 Prerequisites: 15 credits in history or in related disciplines (with the department head’s approval), cumulative grade-point average of at least 3.000, and consent of the department. An internship in history at a public or private agency or institution culminating in a major project completed in consultation with a faculty supervisor and the sponsoring agency or institution. Because of staff limitations, the department may give preference to history majors. See the department head for details. May be repeated with permission for degree credit for a total of six credits, if the topics are sufficiently different. Staff.
	HIST 456 - Internship in History Credits: 6 Prerequisites: 15 credits in history or in related disciplines (with the department head’s approval), cumulative grade-point average of at least 3.000, and consent of the department. An internship in history at a public or private agency or institution culminating in a major project completed in consultation with a faculty supervisor and the sponsoring agency or institution. Because of staff limitations, the department may give preference to history majors. See the department head for details. May be repeated with permission for degree credit for a total of six credits, if the topics are sufficiently different. Staff.
	HIST 473 - Senior Thesis Credits: 3-3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisites: Cumulative grade-point average of 3.500, and senior standing. This course serves as an alternative for History 493. Please consult the department head for more details.
	HIST 493 - Honors Thesis Credits: 3-3 Planned Offering: Fall-Winter Prerequisites: Cumulative grade-point average of 3.500, consent of the department, and senior standing. Honors Thesis.
Interdepartmental
	INTR 180 - FS: First-Year Seminar Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered occasionally. Each first-year seminar topic is approved by the Dean of the College and the Committee on Courses and Degrees. Applicability to FDRs and other requirements varies. Prerequisite: First-year standing. First-year seminar. Topics vary by term and instructor. Staff.
	INTR 200 - Research Preparation in the Sciences Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Restricted to HHMI Fellows and first time research students. This course is composed of seminar and workshop modules on such topics as: critical reading of research papers; use of relevant primary literature in experimental design; integrative approaches to research questions; use of quantitative methods and modeling; data acquisition, record-keeping, and analysis; research ethics; introduction to specific lab techniques used in research; scientific writing and data presentation. In addition, students develop and present a research plan for their research project that is discussed and critiqued by the whole group. Laboratory course. I’Anson
	INTR 201 - Information Technology Literacy Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Pass/Fail only. Available to all students, required of all Williams School majors. MUST be completed by the beginning of the fall term of the junior year. Prerequisite: First-year or sophomore standing Through the use of interactive online tutorials, students gain proficiency in and a working knowledge of five distinct areas of information technology literacy: Windows Operating System, spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel), word processing (Microsoft Word), presentation software (Microsoft PowerPoint), and basic networking (the Washington and Lee network, basic Web browsing, and Microsoft Outlook). Lessons, exercises, practice exams and exams mix online efforts and hands-on activities. Ballenger, Boylan (administrator)
	INTR 202 - Applied Statistics Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisite: INTR 201. An examination of the principal applications of statistics in accounting, business, economics, and politics. Topics include descriptive statistics, probability, estimation, hypothesis testing, and regression analysis. Staff.
	INTR 203 - You Say You Want a Revolution: An Introduction to Digital Humanities FDR: HU Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring, 2014 This project-based course introduces non-STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) majors to the use of digital technologies in humanities research and research presentation. The course is predicated on the fact that the digital turn the world has taken in the last several decades has drastically changed the nature of knowledge production and distribution. To call this turn a revolution is not an exaggeration. The class involves “talking” and “doing;” that is, we integrate lectures on digital humanities (DH) and computer science with demonstrations of fully developed DH projects by guest speakers culminating in thrice-weekly lab sessions. At the beginning of the term, the lab sessions give students hands-on experience with new tools and techniques but later evolve into inquiry-based, student-designed group projects in DH. Sprenkle, Youngman
	INTR 210 - Preparation for Spring Term Abroad in Paris Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Winter 2013 and alternate years Readings, discussion, language practice, and orientation for Spring term abroad in Paris. Students meet weekly with instructors to gain familiarity with the history, culture, and space of Paris, as well as key terms and concepts of the course. Students taking HIST 210 in the Spring complete a Mango French language course online; students taking FREN 285 in the Spring meet with the French language assistant for advanced practice. Chenoweth, Horowitz.
	INTR 231 - Introduction to Jury Advocacy Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Fall Pass/fail basis only. Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Introduction to the jury system, federal rules of evidence, and trial practice. Participants are introduced to the legal, practical, and policy implications of jury advocacy in the United States, and put that learning into practice through role plays as both witness and advocate. Members of the intercollegiate mock-trial team are selected from those who complete the courses successfully. Belmont.
	INTR 296 - Spring Studies in Culture and Society FDR: FDR designation to be determined each year. Credits: 4 A topical seminar that focuses on an interdisciplinary examination of a given society through formal study and direct exposure to its people and culture. The seminar takes place in the target location during the spring term, for which four credits are awarded. May be repeated for credit if the topic and location of the seminar are different. Staff.
	INTR 431 - Tutorial in Trial Preparation and Procedure Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Pass/fail basis only. Prerequisites: Interdepartmental 231 and instructor consent. Preparation for and participation in intercollegiate mock-trial competitions. Participants prepare a case based on an assigned set of facts and assume roles of both lawyer and witness in the classroom and competition. May be repeated with instructor’s permissions for a maximum of three credits toward degree requirements. Belmont.
	INTR 493 - Interdisciplinary Honors Credits: 3-3 Planned Offering: Fall-Winter Open only to students completing interdisciplinary honors work approved by the faculty’s Committee on Courses and Degrees or majoring in a discipline without an honors program. All departments involved must review and approve the final thesis.
	INTR 995 - Spring Option Credits: 0 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. The Spring Option allows students to use the spring term of their sophomore, junior and/or senior years to engage in an internship, service program, employment, travel or educational program that will broaden and enhance their collegiate education. The faculty offer this opportunity to encourage students to seek creative outlets not provided in the normal academic setting. Spring option policies and requirements can be found under Academic Regulations. Staff.
Italian
	ITAL 113 - Accelerated Elementary Italian Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: Completion of FREN 112, SPAN 112, or equivalent in another Romance language. Limited enrollment. An accelerated course in elementary Italian emphasizing grammar and the skills of speaking, writing, reading, and listening comprehension and meeting five days per week. Staff.
	ITAL 163 - Accelerated Intermediate Italian FDR: FL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: ITAL 113 or equivalent. This course develops intermediate communicative Italian vocabulary and active intermediate competence in the language. The traditional skills of foreign language instruction (structure, listening comprehension, reading, writing, and speaking) are stressed. This course meets five days per week. Staff.
	ITAL 202 - Supervised Study Abroad Credits: 4 Prerequisites: ITAL 162 or ITAL 163, instructor consent, and approval of the International Education Committee. A total immersion in Italian language and culture. A required winter-term cultural preparation and training period precedes residence in Italy. Additional details are available from the director of the program. Staff.
	ITAL 261 - Advanced Conversation and Composition Credits: 3 Prerequisite: ITAL 163 or equivalent and instructor consent. Further development of conversational skills and beginning work in free composition, with systematic grammar review and word study in various relevant cultural contexts. Hardin.
	ITAL 401 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: Permission of the department head. Advanced study in Italian. The nature and content of the course is determined by the students’ needs and by an evaluation of their previous work. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
	ITAL 402 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 2 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: Permission of the department head. Advanced study in Italian. The nature and content of the course is determined by the students’ needs and by an evaluation of their previous work. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
	ITAL 403 - Directed Individual Study FDR: HL: only when the subject is literary. Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: Permission of the department head. Advanced study in Italian. The nature and content of the course is determined by the students’ needs and by an evaluation of their previous work. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
Japanese
	JAPN 100 - Supervised Study Abroad: Beginning Japanese Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years Prerequisites: Desire to study Japanese or JAPN 111, permission of the department, and approval of the International Education Committee. Spring Term Abroad course. This course is designed to introduce the Japanese language and culture to students with little or no previous language background. Classes are held at the Ishikawa Foundation for International Exchange, a prestigious Japanese institution in Kanazawa. Students live with a host family and can experience typical Japanese daily life. The program includes field trips to points of historical interest and many cultural activities. Ujie.

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Course Descriptions

HIST 190 - Bibliographical Resources

HIST 195 - Topics in History for First-years and Sophomores

HIST 200 - Dante: Renaissance and Redemption

HIST 201 - Europe in the Early Middle Ages, 325-1198

HIST 202 - Europe in the Late Middle Ages, 1198-1500

HIST 203 - The Italian Renaissance in Its Historical Setting

HIST 204 - The Age of Reformation

HIST 205 - Public and Private in Europe, 1700-1900

HIST 208 - France: Old Regime and Revolution

HIST 209 - France in the 19th and 20th Centuries

HIST 210 - Rereading/Rewriting Paris

HIST 213 - Germany, 1815-1914

HIST 214 - Germany, 1914-2000

HIST 215 - From Weimar to Hitler: Modernism and Anti-Modernism in German Culture after the First World War

HIST 217 - History of the British Isles to 1688

HIST 218 - History of the British Isles Since 1688

HIST 220 - Imperial Russia, 1682 to 1917

HIST 221 - Soviet Russia, 1917 to 1991

HIST 222 - Decline and Fall of the Soviet Union and Resurgence of Russia

HIST 223 - International Relations, 1815-1918: Europe and the World

HIST 224 - International Relations, 1919-1970: The End of European Hegemony

HIST 226 - European Intellectual History, 1880 to 1960

HIST 229 - Topics in European History

HIST 233 - U.S.-Latin American Relations from 1825 to Present

HIST 234 - Nations and Nationalism

HIST 238 - Anthropology of American History

HIST 240 - Early American History to 1788

HIST 242 - The United States, 1789-1840

HIST 244 - The Military Leadership of the Civil War: Four Case Studies

HIST 245 - The American Civil War

HIST 247 - America in the Gilded Age, 1870-1900

HIST 248 - Populism, Progressivism, and the New Deal

HIST 253 - Gay and Lesbian Life in 20th-Century United States

HIST 257 - History of Women in America, 1609-1870

HIST 258 - History of Women in America, 1870 to the Present

HIST 259 - The History of the African-American People to 1877

HIST 260 - The History of the African-American People since 1877

HIST 262 - The Old South to 1860

HIST 263 - The South Since 1877

HIST 267 - Mapping the American City: Metropolitan History and GIS in the 20th Century

HIST 268 - Building a Suburban Nation: Race, Class, and Politics in Postwar America

HIST 269 - Topics in United States, Latin American or Canadian History

HIST 273 - East Africa: A Thousand Years

HIST 274 - Histories of Everything

HIST 275 - World Military History: Akkad to Zulu

HIST 284 - Visions of Japan’s Empire in East Asia: 19th-Century Origins through World War II

HIST 285 - Seminar: The Yin and Yang of Gender in Late Imperial China (10th-19th centuries)

HIST 287 - Supervised Study Abroad: Athens

HIST 289 - Topics in Asian, African, or Islamic History

HIST 295 - Seminar: Topics in History

HIST 305 - Seminar: Religion, Church, and Politics in Medieval and Renaissance Society

HIST 306 - Seminar: Medieval and Renaissance Political Thought

HIST 307 - Seminar: The Machiavellian Moment

HIST 309 - Seminar: The French Revolution

HIST 312 - Seminar on Nazism and the Third Reich

HIST 319 - Seminar on The Great War in History and Literature

HIST 322 - Seminar in Russian History

HIST 337 - Seminar: Revolutions in Latin America

HIST 339 - Seminar: Natives and Strangers

HIST 344 - Seminar on The United States, 1840-1860

HIST 346 - Seminar on Reconstruction, 1865-1877

HIST 350 - Seminar: Going Nuclear: American Society, Culture and Politics in the Cold War Era

HIST 354 - Seminar: The History of the American Welfare State

HIST 355 - Seminar: America in the 1960s: History and Memory

HIST 361 - The History of Violence in America

HIST 364 - Seminar on the Origins of the Constitution

HIST 366 - Seminar: Slavery in the Americas

HIST 367 - Seminar in American Social History

HIST 376 - Seminar: Africa, Science, and Development

HIST 377 - Seminar: Congo, Rwanda, and The Modern World

HIST 386 - Seminar: Managing Mongols, Manchus, and Muslims: China’s Frontier History (16th-20th Centuries)

HIST 387 - Seminar: The Struggle Over China’s Environment

HIST 395 - Advanced Seminar

HIST 397 - Seminar: Spring-Term Topics in History

HIST 401 - Directed Individual Study

HIST 402 - Directed Individual Study

HIST 403 - Directed Individual Study

HIST 453 - Internship in History

HIST 456 - Internship in History