2012-2013 University Catalog

May 10, 2024

2012-2013 University Catalog archived

Course Descriptions

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Biology
	BIOL 295 - Seminar in Biology Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113, at least junior standing and departmental consent. Seminar topics vary with instructor and term. Sample topics include: genetics, molecular genetics, virology, evolutionary biology, history of medicine, biology of aging, ecology, cancer, reproductive strategies, neuroendocrinology, microbiology and immunology. These are in-depth studies of restricted topics within the broad areas indicated by the titles, involving critical review of literature, discussion and oral and/or written presentation. One such seminar is required of each major pursuing a Bachelor of Science degree, and no more than two may be counted toward the 30 credits in biology required for the major. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Winter 2013 topics: BIOL 295-01: Seminar: Do Predators Run the World? (1). According to a growing body of evidence, biodiversity in many ecosystems is regulated from the top down, where predators control the variety of species that can coexist in the same habitat. We examine this phenomenon via student presentations of the evidence from a variety of studies published in the primary literature. Hurd. BIOL 295-02: The Global Arms Race: Plants versus Animals (1). Plants and animals have been intimately involved for millions of years, and adaptations in both groups reflect this close relationship. In this seminar, we explore the ongoing ‘co-evolutionary arms race’ between plants and animals, covering interactions such as herbivory, pollination, and fruit and seed dispersal. Papers focus on current issues including the pollinator crisis, genetically-modified organisms, invasive species, and global climate change. Mallory. Fall 2012 topic: BIOL 295: Seminar:Cell Signaling and Disease (1). This course examines how cells receive, process, and respond to information from the environment. Signal transduction cascades mediate the sensing and processing of stimuli. Topics include signal transduction cascades that underlie cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, with a focus on examining how errors in these signal transduction cascades can lead to human diseases such as cancer and other diseases. Watson.
	BIOL 296 - Topics in Integrative Science: Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring, offered when interest expressed and departmental resources permit Prerequisite: BIOL 111 or PHYS 112 or instructor consent. Topics in integrative science.
	BIOL 297 - Topics in Biology Credits: 3 or 4 in fall or winter; 4 in spring Planned Offering: Fall, Winter, Spring Prerequisites vary with topic. Topics vary with instructor and term. Spring 2013 topics: BIOL 297A-01: Field Botany (4). An entirely outdoor course, including some strenuous hiking, in which students learn to identify vascular plants using professional “floras” of the upper Shenandoah Valley watershed The conservation biology of many of these plants is discussed focusing upon alien invasive and rare plants of the upper Chesapeake Bay watershed. With no formal lectures in the course, students work with the group to identify plants as each student accumulates an annotated reference collection (a herbarium) of plants. The class reads and discusses several professional papers dealing with conservation problems caused by alien plants and the conservation ecology of rare plants. Some strenous hiking involved. (SL) Knox. BIOL 297B-01: Topics in Biology: Exploring the Injured Brain (4). Prerequisite(s) BIOL 111, 113 and either BIOL 220 or instructor consent. An examination of the physiological, behavioral and cellular dysfunction following injury to the central nervous system. While there are a variety of ways the central nervous system (CNS) may become damaged, this course focuses on traumatic brain injury (TBI) as the model system of brain injury. TBI is the leading cause of death and disability in young adults, thus investigation into how the brain response to injury is critical in the development of therapeutic strategies. Muir. Winter 2013 topic: BIOL 297: Topics in Biology: Sensory Ecology (4). Prerequisite: BIOL 111 and 113. In this course, we study the way that animals receive, process, and respond to the infinite amount of information available to them in the environment. We examine each sensory modality on multiple levels, including how the nervous system receives and processes the information, how the animal responds behaviorally to the information, and the evolutionary and ecological pressures that have shaped the different sensory modalities. We end by examining the way animals integrate information from multiple modalities to make behavioral decisions that affect their fitness. Mallory.
	BIOL 301 - Statistics for Biology and Medicine Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113. This course examines the principles of statistics and experimental design for biological and medical research. The focus is on the practical and conceptual aspects of statistics, rather than mathematical derivations. Students completing this class will be able to read and understand research papers, to design realistic experiments, and to carry out their own statistical analyses using computer packages. Marsh.
	BIOL 310 - Microbiology Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: BIOL 220, and either CHEM 341 or both BIOL 215 and CHEM 241. A broadly based course in the study of microorganisms, specifically: prokaryotic cells, microbial diversity, and the effects of microbes in the world, in society and in the bodies of animals and plants. It concerns the central role of microbiology as a basic biological science that enhances our understanding of the biology of higher organisms. Laboratory course. Simurda.
	BIOL 320 - Modern Genetic Analysis Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2011 and alternate years Prerequisite: BIOL 220. An examination of DNA sequence-based information and its uses in molecular biology, medicine, and evolutionary studies. Includes technologies and approaches of sequencing, genome sequencing projects, analysis of sequence data, location of and identification of genes linked to disease, and using data to establish evolutionary histories of genes and species. Cabe.
	BIOL 321 - Advanced Genetics Laboratory Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2013 and alternate years. Prerequisites: BIOL 220 and 221. A research-based practicum on the acquisition and analysis of DNA sequence data. Students pursue lab-based independent projects to gain proficiency in DNA sequencing, and practice analyzing and comparing the DNA sequence data obtained. Laboratory course. Cabe.
	BIOL 322 - Conservation Genetics Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall 2012 and alternate years Prerequisite: BIOL 220 or instructor consent. A study of the central issues of population genetics and their application to species preservation and conservation. Topics include genetic surveys of rare or threatened species; population structure and dispersal; inferring population histories from genetic data; phylogenetics of threatened species’ groups; hybridization between species; the use of genetic data in captive breeding programs and the prosecution of endangered species legislation; and the use of biotechnologies, such as cloning. Cabe.
	BIOL 323 - Research Questions in Genomes Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisite: BIOL 220 or instructor consent. Genomics is a rapidly growing field that integrates and expands on diverse subjects such as evolution, molecular biology, and computer science. Genomics has increased our understanding of human health and evolution and had a direct impact on the advancement of medicine. This course provides students the opportunity to actively engage in genomics research projects, thus increasing their understanding of the research process and the significance of genomics tools. Students generate original sequence data and annotate genes and other features, leading to an independent analysis of a comparative genomics question, and contributing to research publications. Laboratory course. Ayoub.
	BIOL 325 - Ecological Modeling and Conservation Strategies Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2012 and alternate years Prerequisites: MATH 101 or higher and BIOL 111 and 113, or instructor consent. This course is an intensive introduction to foundational methods in ecological modeling and their application, with emphasis on the dynamics of exploited or threatened populations and developing strategies for effective conservation. Topics include managing harvested populations, population viability analysis, individual based models, and simulation modeling for systems analyses. Laboratory course. Humston.
	BIOL 330 - Experimental Botany: Global Climate Change Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: BIOL 220 or instructor consent. Lectures focus on the major impacts of global climate change (elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and elevated temperatures) on plant function (photosynthesis and respiration) and plant communities. Additional topics include global carbon budgets, plant carbon sequestration, and agricultural impacts. Participants review the pertinent primary literature and conduct a term-long laboratory research project. Laboratory course. Hamilton.
	BIOL 332 - Plant Functional Ecology Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring The emphasis and location of the study area differs from year to year. Information regarding the specific course topic and field trip schedule is made available in the fall. Through novel research projects in a variety of field settings (e.g., on-campus, Appalachian and Blue Ridge Mountains, The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem), this field-based laboratory course covers topics which investigate the vital roles that plants play in shaping Earth’s ecosystems. Topics focus on the responses of native plants to environmental stresses, such as global climate change (elevated temperature and carbon dioxide and drought), herbivory, and invasive species. Field and laboratory exercises focus on testing hypotheses through experiments using a variety of species from intact plant communities. A review of the pertinent literature is used to develop and conduct a term research project. Laboratory course. Hamilton.
	BIOL 340 - Evolution Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113 or instructor consent. An examination of the evidence for evolution and the mechanisms by which evolution occurs. Ayoub.
	BIOL 340S - Evolutionary Biology at St. Andrews Credits: 6 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisites: An average grade of at least 3.0 in BIOL 111 and 113, a 3.000 cumulative GPA, and consent of the Department of Biology. An introduction to the theory and processes of evolution, emphasizing the scientific approach to the study of evolutionary phenomena. Topics include the significance of character variation within and between species, basic evolutionary genetics, speciation, evolution in predator-prey systems, evolution of sex, behavioral systems, and human evolution. No more than four credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland with final grade assigned by W&L biology faculty. Laboratory course. Staff.
	BIOL 350 - Immunology Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisites: Senior standing and one course chosen from BIOL 215, BIOL 215S, BIOL 220, or CHEM 341. A study of the structural and functional aspects of the immune system from the perspective of cellular and developmental biology; the biochemical and structural properties of antibodies and the possible origins of their diversity; and immunopathology. Simurda.
	BIOL 355 - Microanatomy Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Offered when departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: At least junior standing and BIOL 220. A study of the normal microscopic structure of the mammalian body with emphasis placed on structural and functional correlations. Laboratory work includes the study of prepared tissue and the preparation of tissues for microscopy. Laboratory course. I’Anson.
	BIOL 362 - Animal Physiology Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: At least junior standing and BIOL 220. A comparative study of functional processes of animals, primarily vertebrates, and their environmental interactions. Laboratory emphasis is on functional adaptations and the use of physiological instrumentation in measuring functional processes. Laboratory course. I’Anson, Blythe.
	BIOL 365 - Developmental Biology Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Winter 2013 Prerequisite: BIOL 220. An examination of the goals, practices, and accomplishments of contemporary developmental biology. Topics include gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, genetic control of cell differentiation, transgenic procedures, cloning, embryo manipulation, and stem cells. Lectures, discussions of the developmental literature, and electronic media are utilized. Laboratory sessions focus on experimental manipulations of early invertebrate and vertebrate embryos and emphasize student-designed research projects. Laboratory course. Watson.
	BIOL 385 - Molecular Mechanics of Life Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall 2012 and alternate years Prerequisite: BIOL 220. How do we study complex networks of interactions between molecules in cells? How do we discover what roles different molecular machines play in the development and behavior of cells and animals? How can we identify the ways in which medical illness is caused by the misregulation of biological complexes because of a pathogenic infection or genetic disease? Our approach to answering these questions reflects the same interdisciplinary strategy being used at the forefront of current biomedical research. We consider the ways in which traditional approaches in biochemistry, genetics and cell biology can be merged with new systems-level approaches such as genomics and proteomics, to allow us to probe the underlying molecular mechanics of life. In the classroom, we examine different molecular networks, while readings include selections from the primary literature. The laboratory is based on an investigation of a novel research question, designed and addressed by student participants. Laboratory course Whitworth.
	BIOL 395 - Selected Topics in Structural and Functional Biology Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisites: BIOL 220, and at least junior standing. Topics include physiology, neurobiology, developmental biology and immunology. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
	BIOL 396 - Selected Topics in Cellular and Molecular Biology Credits: 3-4 Prerequisites: BIOL 220, and at least junior standing. Topics include genetics, virology, cell biology and microbiology. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
	BIOL 397 - Neuroendocrinology Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit Prerequisites: BIOL 220, and at least junior standing. The study of the interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system, with special reference to regulation and communication in the mammal. Topics may include neuroendocrine regulation of development, the role of the adrenal axis in stress, metabolic regulation of reproduction, or biological rhythms. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. I’Anson.
	BIOL 398 - Selected Topics in Ecology and Evolution Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisites: BIOL 220, and at least junior standing. Topics include ecology, behavior, evolution, and natural history of selected taxonomic groups. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
	BIOL 401 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 1 Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Reading in the primary research literature on a selected topic under the direction of a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines (available from biology faculty). May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. Staff.
	BIOL 402 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 2 Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Reading in the primary research literature on a selected topic under the direction of a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines (available from biology faculty). May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. Staff.
	BIOL 403 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 3 Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Reading in the primary research literature on a selected topic under the direction of a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines (available from biology faculty). May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. Winter 2013 Topic: BIOL 403-01: Directed Individual Study:Zoology (3). Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113. Form and function of animals with emphasis on evolution and ecology of major invertebrate and vertebrate groups. Hurd. Winter 2013
	BIOL 422 - Directed Individual Research Credits: 2 Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines (available from biology faculty). Consult the department Web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. Staff.
	BIOL 423 - Directed Individual Research Credits: 3 Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines (available from biology faculty). Consult the department Web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. Staff.
	BIOL 424 - Directed Individual Research Credits: 4 Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines (available from biology faculty). Consult the department Web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. Staff.
	BIOL 442 - Honors Thesis Proposal Credits: 2 Prerequisite: Honors candidacy and instructor consent. Writing a proposal for honors thesis research, including a clear statement of the problem being studied, a literature review, and a feasible, detailed plan for the research. Taken no later than the winter term of the junior year. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. Staff.
	BIOL 464 - Richmond Clinical Rotation Program Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisites: 3.000 cumulative grade-point average; BIOL 111, CHEM 112, or PHYS 112; sophomore or junior standing; and selection through an application process. This program is for students who have demonstrated an interest in a career in medicine. The Richmond Term Program combines an introductory experience in a medical practice with academic study of Immunology and infectious disease. It exposes the students to the process and problems of medicine through observations, seminars, and discussions. This is a faculty-supervised, off-campus experience with various physicians in Richmond, VA. Simurda.
	BIOL 492 - Honors Thesis Credits: 2 Prerequisites: Honors candidacy, instructor consent, and BIOL 442. Laboratory and/or field research resulting in an honors thesis. A total of six credits is required. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. Staff.
	BIOL 493 - Honors Thesis Credits: 3 Prerequisites: Honors candidacy, instructor consent, and BIOL 442. Laboratory and/or field research resulting in an honors thesis. A total of six credits is required. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. Staff.
	BIOL 494 - Honors Thesis Credits: 4 Prerequisites: Honors candidacy, instructor consent, and BIOL 442. Laboratory and/or field research resulting in an honors thesis. A total of six credits is required. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. Staff.
	BIOL 495 - Honors Thesis Credits: 5 Prerequisites: Honors candidacy, instructor consent, and BIOL 442. Laboratory and/or field research resulting in an honors thesis. A total of six credits is required. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. Staff.
	BIOL 496 - Honors Thesis Credits: 6 Prerequisites: Honors candidacy, instructor consent, and BIOL 442. Laboratory and/or field research resulting in an honors thesis. A total of six credits is required. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major. Staff.
Business Administration
	BUS 105 - Life Finance Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2013 Prerequisite: Not open to majors in accounting and business administration, business administration, economics, or public accounting. This course applies finance theory to topics in personal finance. Readings focus on personal-finance topics, financial-data sources, and other items in the financial press. Students begin the class focusing on their life’s goals: family, career, service to others, lifestyle. After considering personal goals, we explore the tools needed to achieve those goals. A computer lab component enables students to build spreadsheet models useful in making decisions in areas such as financial mathematics, household financial planning, financial markets, investments, and retirement planning. The class is intended for students with an interest in money matters but without a background in finance or economics. Schwartz.
	BUS 110 - Leadership Themes in Classic Films Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. This course is based on the fundamental belief that there is much to be learned about management and leadership from mankind’s greatest texts and films. We examine leaders in context-their qualities and courses of action reveal individuals at the iron moment of decision, going beyond illustrations and models to look at perennially important issues of management and leadership from a more theoretical perspective. To achieve this objective, we watch a diverse selection of classic films, such as The Bridge on the River Kwai, Norma Rae, Citizen Kane, and Twelve Angry Men. Dean.
	BUS 180 - FS: First-Year Seminar Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Offered occasionally. Each first-year seminar topic is approved by the Dean of The College and the Committee on Courses and Degrees. Applicability to FDRs and other requirements varies. First-year Seminar. Prerequisite: First-year standing. Spring 2013 topic: BUS 180: FS: International Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability (4). First-Year seminar. Prerequisite: First-Year standing. ACCT 201 (offered in winter term) is recommended. This seminar uses corporate strategy to explore the interplay between individual citizens, government, and business as agents for social change. Cross-cultural variation in the relative role of each in addressing such change is considered, as students spend time in both the U.S. and Copenhagen, Denmark. Site visits introduce “live” case studies that examine the contrast between CSR perspectives in the two countries. Students are introduced to the concept of “the triple bottom line” and consider the responsibility of business, as well as that of government and other organizations, in each of the three areas (people, planet, profit). Straughan and Oliver.
	BUS 195 - Selected Topics in Business Administration Credits: 3 credits in Fall or Winter; 4 credits in Spring Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: Varies with topic. Topical coverage of areas in management, based on the interests of the instructor and students. Topics vary from year to year and are announced prior to registration. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Spring 2013 topic: BUS 195: The Business of Professional Sports (4). Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Preference given to First-Year students. Upper-class students must obtain instructor consent. Using the professional sports industry as context and cases as material, this course introduces students to some of the basic principles of business management, with a special emphasis on business writing and presentations, using the revision process to help improve writing skills. The course involves travel within the United States to expose students to personnel at a number of professional sports organizations. Topics include collective bargaining, the use of digital media, and the future of women’s professional sports, among others. Hoover.
	BUS 196 - Williams Investment Society Credits: 0 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Pass/fail basis only. Prerequisite: Permission of the department head. Students must participate in a competitive application process in order to participate. This cocurricular educational student organization manages a portion of Washington and Lee’s endowment. Students meet in formal and informal sessions conducted by faculty advisers and attend presentations made by outside speakers hosted by the Williams School. The experiential learning that occurs in this setting is grounded in fields such as accounting, economics, and finance, as well as the practice of investments and banking. Culpepper, Schwartz.
	BUS 197 - Washington and Lee Student Consulting Credits: 0 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Pass/fail basis only. Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Students must participate in a competitive application process in order to participate. This cocurricular student organization provides pro bono consulting services to businesses and not-for-profits. Experiential learning draws from business fields, such as marketing, finance, accounting, e-commerce, database management, business strategy, and human resources. In addition to working on various projects, students gain experience managing the organization. Straughan, Oliver.
	BUS 198 - Entrepreneurship Field Consulting Experience Credits: 0 Pass/Fail basis only. Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Students must participate in a competitive application process to become a member of the W&L Venture Club in order to participate. This co-curricular student organization provides pro bono consulting services to entrepreneurial businesses and entrepreneurial not-for-profits. Experiential learning draws from business fields, such as marketing, finance, accounting, e-commerce, database management, business strategy and human resources. Students gain real world experience through writing business plans, marketing plans, and strategic plans for real-world ventures.
	BUS 211 - Marketing Management Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisites: ECON 101 and 102, and ACCT 201; and at least junior standing (sophomores allowed in winter term). An exploration of strategic marketing. The focus of the course is on the analysis of a firm’s current marketing strengths and weaknesses and the development of a strategic plan to capitalize on key opportunities. Topics include environmental analysis, market segmentation, targeting and positioning, and management of the marketing mix. Throughout the course, significant attention is devoted to international issues, the interrelationships between marketing and other disciplines, and the role of ethically and socially responsible marketing. Bower, Simmons, Straughan.
	BUS 217 - Management and Organizational Behavior Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisite: At least junior standing (sophomores allowed in winter term). A study of management in modern organizations. This course examines the factors which influence individual, group, and firm behavior in the context of the workplace. Topics covered include individual differences, motivation, leadership, business ethics, group behavior, decision making, and organizational design and change. Dean, Garvis, Herbert.
	BUS 221 - Managerial Finance Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisites: ECON 101 and 102; ACCT 201 and 202; INTR 202 or equivalent. A study of finance from a managerial perspective emphasizing the primary goal of the firm as stockholder wealth maximization. Emphasis is on decisions relating to the acquisition of assets and funds and internal management-financial analysis, planning and control, working capital management, capital budgeting, sources and forms of long-term financing, financial structure and the cost of capital, and valuation. Hoover, Kester, Schwartz.
	BUS 241 - Wicked Problems Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2013 and alternate years Prerequisite: Sophomore or juniors standing, from any major. Does not meet major requirements. Most of the world’s most vexing challenges (e.g., hunger, disease, poverty, energy shortages) are more than just big problems – these are, in fact, truly wicked problems. In 1973, Rittel & Weber outlined the characteristics of these wicked problems, the solutions to which required methods beyond those ascribed to traditional problem solving. The course has been developed to help students learn to (1) identify, understand, and address the characteristics of wicked problems, by (2) applying entrepreneurial methods to start and/or manage an organization designed to dissolve these sorts of problems. Simply put, the purpose of this course is to find a few ways and a few people willing to change the world. Touve.
	BUS 245 - iStartup Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisites: No prerequisites. Open to sophomores and juniors regardless of major. Senior non-business majors require instructor consent. Not open to senior business majors. iStartup is designed to provide students at an early stage in their college career with a solid foundation in the basics of entrepreneurship and a sense of what it feels like to start and sustain a new venture. Course content includes readings, brief lectures, case discussions, individual and group projects, as well as a simulation of the startup lifecycle–from idea to exit and the stages in between. Touve.
	BUS 247 - Ramen, Red Bull, and (Free) Radicals: Technology Startup Cultures and Caricatures Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Open to all sophomores, juniors and seniors. Does not meet major requirements. The purpose of this course is to provide students with an understanding of the startup cultures and caricatures behind the technologies that impact our lives. Key works of literature and film that attempted to capture or caricature startup culture over the last few decades are read, viewed, and discussed. Students travel to Silicon Valley to meet individuals who are a part of the recent startup/technology scene and visit key locations that capture the history of this scene. Students research and develop a substantial, written project investigating the history of a key technology of their interest, analyzing both the technological as well as the cultural dimensions of the underlying startup ecosystem. Touve.
	BUS 301 - Seminar in Organizational Behavior Credits: 3 Prerequisite: BUS 217, and sophomore or junior standing. Offered from time to time when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
	BUS 302 - Seminar in Finance Credits: 3 Prerequisite: BUS 221 and at least junior standing. Offered from time to time when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. .
	BUS 303 - Seminar in Marketing Credits: 3 Prerequisite: BUS 211, at least junior standing and instructor consent. Offered from time to time when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
	BUS 304 - Seminar in Management Credits: 3 in fall, winter; 4 in spring Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: Varies with topic. Spring 2013 topics: BUS 304: Money, Power, and Lies (4). Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. Can we design and lead organizations that foster ethical behavior? This course integrates the disciplines of business ethics and organizational behavior to address this question. It examines the impact of psychological and social forces on the ability of individuals to act ethically in large organizations. Beginning with the era of the ENRON and Arthur Anderson scandals and continuing through the recent financial crisis, the issue of unethical behavior in large organizations has grown more disturbing. The 2008 financial melt- down is addressed as the major case study. The issue is not confined to the financial industry, and cases from a variety of industries will also be studied. As examples, both NASA shuttle disasters have been used as case studies in both ethics and groupthink. Off-shore work practices and CEO compensation have raised ethical questions in many large companies. Herbert. Fall 2012 topic: BUS 304: Social Entrepreneurship (3). Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing, from any major. Social entrepreneurship is distinguished within the broad discipline of entrepreneurship by its focus upon complex societal challenges (e.g., hunger, education, health care) and explicit expectations for what is known as “social impact.” The goals of this course are: (a) to introduce students to the structure, methods, and mindsets of the social venture community (e.g., key ventures, foundations, venture philanthropy, social return), (b) to engage students in the application of these methods and mindsets through not only case analyses and discussions, but also the proposal of a new social venture, and (c) to encourage students to change the world in significant and positive ways. Touve.
	BUS 305 - Seminar in International Business Credits: 3 Prerequisite: At least junior standing and instructor consent. Offered from time to time when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
	BUS 306 - Seminar in Management Information Systems Credits: 3-4 Prerequisite: At least junior standing. Topics vary by term and instructor.
	BUS 310 - Management Information Systems Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: Junior standing. The objective is to build an understanding of the value and uses of information systems for business operations, management decision making, and strategic advantage. Topics include basic systems concepts and major roles of information systems; computer, telecommunications, and database management concepts; and management issues in the implementation of information systems, including international, security, and ethical considerations. Ballenger, Pratt.
	BUS 312 - Computer Forensics Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. This course introduces computer forensic investigation and provides insight to the importance of computer security in organizations, present and future. Computer forensics involves obtaining and analyzing digital information for use as evidence in civil, criminal, or administrative cases. The course examines computer-related crimes such as hacking, theft of intellectual property, identity theft, and fraud. Students learn how consumer and citizen information is stored and shared, how electronic financial transactions are conducted, and the importance of computer forensics within areas such as accounting, business, and the law. Students also learn about the tools and methods used by law enforcement when investigating cybercrimes, how to perform computer crime investigations, and the recovery and analysis of digital evidence. The course provides hands-on experience in applying digital forensic tools and basic understanding of computer networks, including their components, functionality, and vulnerabilities. Pratt.
	BUS 315 - Database Management for Business Credits: 3 Not open to students who have received credit for CSCI 317. Prerequisite: At least junior standing. An introduction to the theories, concepts, features, and capabilities of database management systems in a business environment. This course provides a greater understanding of how to design, develop and access database-driven business applications and emphasizes the use of database-management systems in real-world business settings and how this technology can be applied effectively to solve business problems. In this project-oriented course, students acquire the skills to document, design, create, test, and access a fully functional Oracle business database application. No prior programming or application development experience is assumed. Ballenger.
	BUS 317 - Data Mining for Sales, Marketing and Customer Relationship Management Credits: 4 Prerequisites: INTR 201, INTR 202 or equivalent, and at least junior standing. This course provides an introduction and overview to data mining as a means to understanding customers (existing and potential) in a broad sense, rather than focusing on underlying theory. Many organizations have a wealth of data residing in their databases. Business data mining is the process of collecting and turning this resource into business value. Basic data-mining methods have broad applications: market-basket analysis of scanner data, customer relationship management, churn analysis, direct marketing, fraud detection, click-stream web mining, personalization and recommendation systems, risk management, and credit scoring. The course provides hands-on experience in applying these techniques to practical real-world business problems using commercial data-mining software. Ballenger
	BUS 321 - Multimedia Design and Development Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisite: INTR 201 and at least junior standing. This course is an introduction to the study and creation of multimedia content primarily used in business. Students explore the steps used to plan and create multimedia content that effectively targets and delivers business information. This is a hands-on, project-oriented course with emphasis on the design and creation of media elements such as interactive web, graphic, audio, and video content. The course focuses on using Adobe Dreamweaver with emphasis on Cascading Style Sheets, Adobe Photoshop, Audacity, and Final Cut Express as the foundation for creating online multimedia content. Ballenger.
	BUS 325 - E-Commerce Development Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: At least junior standing. An introduction to the benefits, capabilities and related information technologies, which comprise the current state and emerging technologies of e-commerce. This course provides an understanding of how to design, develop and implement e-commerce order processing websites using industry leading e-commerce shopping cart software. In this project-oriented course, students acquire the skills to design, create, and administer a fully functional Web-based e-commerce solution. Students learn how to leverage features of the e-commerce software to attract consumers, increase conversion rates, and maximize the return on their ecommerce investment. No prior e-commerce or Web development experience is assumed. Laboratory fee. Pratt.
	BUS 330 - Global Human-Resource Management Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: BUS 217 and at least junior standing. Human-resource management (HRM) is concerned with how to best attract, select, develop, and retain employees in organizations. This course examines HRM in the global context. Topics include employee selection, training, performance management, compensation, health, safety, and security, and termination. We focus on designing HRM practices in the context of the global social, legal, and technological environments. Dean.
	BUS 333 - International Production and Operations Management Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2013 and alternate years Prerequisite: INTR 202 or a relevant statistics or quantitative-methods course. This is a course about “stuff” - how “stuff” is made, shipped, and used. More specifically, this course focuses on how executives, managers, and line workers manage manufacturing and related processes necessary to compete internationally. As such, this is an important course, since few students (or others) actually see or know how “stuff” is made anymore. More formally, this course examines international manufacturing and production operations in organizations. Applying a managerial approach, it is intended to introduce concepts such as project management, supply chain management, total quality management, lean systems, and operations strategy, all of which are necessary for an understanding of the international management of operations. Case analysis and manufacturing plant tours, supplemented by extensive use of classroom discussion and written work, are emphasized as a means of understanding the decisions faced in these operations settings. Garvis.
	BUS 335 - Ethics of Globalization PHIL 335 Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall or Winter Prerequisite: At least junior standing. This seminar examines a number of ethical issues raised by the phenomenon of globalization. Though globalization is not new, recent business, technological, and policy developments have made the world more integrated and interdependent than ever before. Increasing economic, cultural, and political interconnections have created a host of new questions about how to conceive of the moral rights and responsibilities of individuals, multi-national corporations, nation-states, and global institutions within this new global framework. This course identifies and clarifies some of these questions, and considers how they have been addressed from a variety of different disciplinary perspectives. Questions concerning the ethics of globalization are approached through an analysis of a few specific topics, such as immigration, humanitarian intervention, and global poverty and inequality. Because the issues raised by the phenomenon of globalization cross disciplinary boundaries, readings are drawn from a wide variety of fields, including philosophy, business, economics, political science, and anthropology. Reiter and Smith.
	BUS 337 - Economic Globalization and Multinational Corporations Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: At least junior standing. This course focuses on the historical and present effects and issues of economic globalization, and the role of multinational corporations in a global economy. Topics covered may include: production, supply chain, technology, trade, finance, natural environment, labor, development, poverty and inequality, privatization of utilities, immigration, and state sovereignty. Emphasis is on understanding the costs and benefits of economic globalization and the role business plays in contributing to these outcomes. Reiter.
	BUS 345 - Business Ethics Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: At least junior standing An examination of the moral and ethical issues associated with management policy and executive decisions. The course examines the basic approaches to moral reasoning, macro-moral issues concerning the justice of economic systems, and micro-moral issues, such as the following: conflict of interest, whistle blowing, discrimination in employment, product safety, environment, and advertising. Reiter.
	BUS 346 - Private Law in a Market Economy Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisite: Junior standing. This course studies the law governing the relations between individuals in day-to-day commerce. The emphasis is on how individuals and firms organize their voluntary agreements in markets, a process governed by the law of contracts. The course covers this process, ranging from the sale of goods, through the securing and payment of debt, to the creation of large corporations. Both the Common Law and the Uniform Commercial Code are analyzed. The course accents procedural and managerial techniques and stresses economic and ethical issues. Writing assignments apply legal theories to literary masterworks and hypothetical situations. Culpepper.
	BUS 349 - Negotiation and Dispute Resolution in a Business Environment Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. This course is designed to give students the abilities to negotiate successfully in a commercial environment and to create business solutions when a problem or dispute arises. Lectures, written materials, group projects, video, and role-play are utilized to explore the various theories of negotiation and types of dispute resolution, and to equip students with practical skills for forming and preserving business relationships and resolving business disputes as they occur. Culpepper.
	BUS 350 - Building Financial Models Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2013 and alternate years. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Prerequisites: INTR 201 and BUS 221. Students may not receive credit for both this course and BUS 356 or BUS 359. This course offers exposure to a variety of topics in financial modeling. Class time is devoted to introduction of finance principles. An intensive lab component enables students to apply finance theory in a spreadsheet framework. Lecture topics include: time value of money, capital budgeting, optimization techniques, intrinsic valuation, and contingent claim valuation. Schwartz.
	BUS 353 - Real Estate Finance Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisite: BUS 221. A study of the practical application of finance principles to the world of real estate investment. Topics include the history of real estate finance, macroeconomic factors, valuation, and property management. Through exploration of case studies and interaction with practitioners (guest speakers), emphasis is placed on application rather than theory. Assignments include readings, case studies, and examinations. Hoover.
	BUS 355 - Cases in Corporate Finance Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall Prerequisite: BUS 221. Through use of the case method of learning, this course focuses on applied corporate finance strategy, including financial forecasting, financing sales growth, short-term versus long-term financing, commercial bank borrowing, leasing, and capital structure policy. Classroom participation is emphasized. Kester.
	BUS 356 - Financial Risk Management Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisites: BUS 221 or instructor consent. This course provides an introduction to financial derivatives and risk management and is intended to help upper-class students planning a career in finance or actuarial science. The course considers options and futures from a practical and theoretical perspective. Topics explored include: derivative markets, the Black-Scholes option pricing model, binomial option pricing, Monte-Carlo simulation, future pricing, parity relationships, and hedging with derivatives. Text, projects, participation, and problem-solving. Schwartz.
	BUS 357 - Multinational Business Finance Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit Prerequisite: BUS 221. A study of the critical aspects of managerial finance in a multinational setting, covering both theoretical and practical issues. Emphasis is placed on identifying the unique risk-return opportunities faced by corporations that maintain business units across national borders. Topics included are foreign exchange and exchange rate determination, international capital markets, the environment of multinational corporate finance, risk management, and cross-border investment decisions. Text, readings, and projects. Staff.
	BUS 358 - Corporate Mergers, Leveraged Buyouts, and Divestitures Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years Prerequisite: BUS 221 and at least junior standing. This course focuses upon company valuation, mergers, leveraged buyouts, and divestitures. The interactive course makes extensive use of the case method in developing an understanding of business valuation methodologies and corporate financing decisions. Advanced-level finance concepts, models, and techniques are applied by students in the development of situational problem formulation, analysis, evaluation, and decision-making skills necessary to solve the unstructured problems faced in the practice of financial and business management. Classroom participation and group presentations are emphasized. Kester.
	BUS 359 - Investments Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisites: INTR 202 (or equivalent) and BUS 221 or instructor consent. A study of investments and investment management from a practical and theoretical point of view, including the institutional and economic environment relevant to common stocks, preferred stocks, bonds, puts, calls, and commodity future contracts. These assets are studied in terms of the markets in which they are traded, governing regulations, taxes, valuation, risk, characteristic line, and construction of a portfolio. Capital market theory and the Markowitz portfolio model are explored. Text, readings, and projects. Schwartz.
	BUS 370 - Integrated Marketing Communications Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Winter Prerequisites: At least junior standing and instructor consent. Nature and contributions of the elements of marketing communications (e.g., advertising, sales promotions, the Web) in creating brand equity and stimulating demand. A project-oriented course with an emphasis on the strategic application of concepts resulting in an integrated communication plan for products and/or services. Course has a complementary lab component to teach technical skills and reinforce concepts via practicum. Bower.
	BUS 371 - Creative Strategic Planning Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2013 and alternate years Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing Strategic planning (also called account or brand planning) is a philosophy of consumer research that fully incorporates the consumer in strategic developments. The course includes the types of qualitative techniques traditionally associated with social sciences (e.g., anthropology, sociology and psychology) in order to arrive at a brand (or other) strategy. The students must think creatively, independently, and interdependently as they apply the variety of research techniques, develop the strategic recommendations and present and defend both the research and recommendations. In addition to research techniques, students receive an orientation in relevant software (video editing, photo manipulation) and learn effective and persuasive presentation skills. The course is project-based, and the course culminates in the opportunity to present their work to the client (usually an advertising/marketing professional) for whom they’ve been working the course of the term. Bower.
	BUS 372 - Cross-Cultural Issues in Marketing Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Prerequisite: Either ANTH 101, 210, BUS 211 or 217. A study of cultural theories and their effects on a variety of international management and international marketing practices. The course uses extensive readings and discussions of various cross-cultural theories and methods of inquiry from the social sciences, general management, marketing, and consumer/organizational behavior literature. Emphasis is placed on understanding both the theoretical dimensions of culture and the impact these dimensions have on a variety of business activities. Students develop and lead seminar sessions and develop an in-depth research proposal applying their understanding of cultural theories to some unexplored phenomena within marketing, or another functional area of management. Readings, discussion, written project, and presentation. Straughan.
	BUS 390 - Supervised Study Abroad Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring (when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit) Prerequisites: Instructor consent, other prerequisites as specified by the instructor, and approval of the International Education Committee. These upper-level courses cover topics of current interest in business administration for which international travel provides a unique opportunity for enhancing understanding. Emphasis changes from year to year and is announced well in advance of registration. Spring 2013 topics: BUS 390A: Supervised Study Abroad: Business in Ireland (4). Spring Term Abroad course. This course, based at the National University of Ireland, Galway, has two primary objectives. First, students are immersed in the culture (history, literature, theater, religion, social norms) of Ireland. In addition to lectures, students take excursions to sites of historical and cultural significance and experience a medieval banquet and traditional Irish entertainment at a historic castle. Second, students study the business climate and management practices of modern Ireland, including its role in the European Union and the impact of EU laws and regulations. Lectures are supplemented with visits to national and international businesses. Dean. BUS 390B: Supervised Study Abroad: Leadership and Cross-Cultural Management (4). Prerequisites: Pass the W&L swim test, instructor consent, other prerequisites as specified by the instructor, and approval of the International Education Committee. Topics of current interest in business administration for which international travel provides a unique opportunity for enhancing understanding. This course focuses on developing both leadership and cross-cultural management skills through immersing students in an intensive, leadership-rich, and culturally diverse environment. Guided by pre-trip lectures and readings on cross-cultural management, course participants live on a 50-foot bareboat yacht while travelling in the British Virgin Islands and the Leeward Islands. Students are required to adapt to their new and unfamiliar surroundings, both in terms of the vessel and the cultures visited. Students are required to assume many new roles and responsibilities on a daily basis. These responsibilities range from leading the crew as skipper, to utilizing newly developed navigational skills to plot the course to the next harbor and assure that the yacht arrives safely, to preparing and serving a meal to the crew. Students complete daily readings on leadership and discuss them with the crew once underway and maintain a daily log that applies the readings to their experience onboard. No prior sailing experience is required. Students engage with locals from a wide variety of cultures (British, French, Dutch, West Indian, Spanish) on a daily basis through a variety of planned activities, including shadowing leaders from various businesses in each port and interviewing local leaders to ascertain their perceptions on “leadership” and “cross-cultural management” issues. Shay
	BUS 398 - Strategic Management Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisite: Senior standing. A capstone course designed to expose students to a strategic perspective on global issues that impact the firm. Integrative in that it draws on concepts from functional disciplines (e.g., finance, marketing, accounting) in the diagnosis, analysis, and resolution of complex business situations. Practical problem-solving skills are emphasized. Case analysis and/or computer simulation are used extensively in oral presentations and written cases. Garvis, Reiter, Touve.
	BUS 399 - Entrepreneurship Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisites: BUS 211 and 221, and senior standing, or instructor consent. A capstone course focused on developing the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to plan, finance, and launch a new business venture. To accomplish this, students utilize strategic management models, theories, and concepts to search the environment for entrepreneurial opportunities, analyze market potential, devise plans for operations, and assess the sources of capital required to convert the opportunity into a viable new business venture. This course uses lectures, case studies, guest speakers, class discussions, and experiential exercises in order to expose students to the challenges that entrepreneurs face. Students work in teams to develop a business plan and give a professional presentation for a high potential new business venture. Shay.
	BUS 401 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisites: Senior standing and consent of the instructor. The objective is to permit students to follow a course of directed study in some field of management not presented in other courses or to emphasize a particular field of interest. Credits may not be used toward the major requirements in business administration. Staff.
	BUS 402 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 2 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisites: Senior standing and consent of the instructor. The objective is to permit students to follow a course of directed study in some field of management not presented in other courses or to emphasize a particular field of interest. Credits may not be used toward the major requirements in business administration. Staff.
	BUS 403 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisites: Senior standing and consent of the instructor. The objective is to permit students to follow a course of directed study in some field of management not presented in other courses or to emphasize a particular field of interest. Staff.
	BUS 406 - Directed Individual Study Credits: 6 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisites: Senior standing and consent of the instructor. The objective is to permit students to follow a course of directed study in some field of management not presented in other courses or to emphasize a particular field of interest. Staff.
	BUS 493 - Honors Thesis Credits: 3-3 Planned Offering: Fall-Winter Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and minimum cumulative grade-point average in the major of 3.500. Honors Thesis.
Chemistry
	ARTH 243 - Imaging Tibet FDR: HA Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years. An examination of images and imaging practices of the early 1900s to the present in order to define and analyze the ways in which both Western and Asian (particularly Tibetan and Chinese) artists have imagined Tibet and its people. Kerin.
	CHEM 100 - Modern Descriptive Chemistry FDR: SL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall 2013 and alternate years Prerequisite: For Fall 2012, preference given to juniors and seniors. Not open to students with previous credit in 200-level chemistry. An elementary study of the structure and reactions of molecules. Laboratory work illustrates some fundamental procedures in chemistry. Designed for non-science students fulfilling general education requirements or desiring a science elective. Laboratory course with fee. Pleva.
	CHEM 106 - Disorder and Chaos FDR: SL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2014 An interdisciplinary introduction to the concepts underlying nonlinear dynamics and fractal geometry emphasizing the theories of chaos and complexity. Students study mathematical and computer modeling of physical and social systems and interpret the results of these models using graphical methods and written descriptions. Methods and concepts from calculus are demonstrated but no mathematics beyond high-school algebra is assumed. The laboratory component consists of a series of projects from diverse areas of the natural sciences, including pendulum motion, oscillating chemical reactions, and natural growth patterns. Laboratory course. Desjardins, Abry.
	CHEM 110 - General Chemistry FDR: SL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Fall, Winter Prerequisite: BIOL 111 during FY registration. This prereq will be lifted on Friday, 11/9 at 3:00 pm. NOTE: Instructor Consent required for SO, JR, SR students ONLY. Contact Lisa Alty for Instructor Consent. This is a foundational course for those pursuing upper-level chemistry and biochemistry. Fundamental vocabulary, concepts, and principles that appear throughout the chemistry and biochemistry curriculum are introduced. Topics include basic chemistry calculations, quantum mechanics in chemistry, molecular structure, chemical thermodynamics, and chemical kinetics. In addition, a range of spectroscopic methods including NMR, UV-Vis, and GC-MS are employed in the laboratory. While no previous knowledge of chemistry is required, some background is advantageous. Laboratory course. Desjardins, Pleva, Tuchler, Uffelman, Abry.
	CHEM 133 - Describing Nature FDR: SC Credits: 3 This writing-based seminar considers how scientists describe natural phenomena and express scientific theories in terms of mathematics, graphical representations, and prose. Students examine a collection of topics from physics, chemistry and biology and examine how accepted explanations of these phenomena in terms of mathematical models are verified by experiment and then translated to concepts using ordinary language. In essence, if a scientific theory is expressed as an equation, how can we understand it in terms of pictures and words? Topics include entropy, the uncertainty principle, and definitions of life. Desjardins.
	CHEM 154 - Introduction to the Science of Cooking Credits: 1 Planned Offering: Winter 2014 and alternate years An introduction to the structure of molecules as well as their inter- and intramolecular interactions, with an emphasis on those species of importance to food and cooking. Chemical reactivity as it relates to cooking, food preservation, and spoilage is also discussed as are methods of heat transfer. This course may not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for CHEM 295 when the topic was culinary chemistry. France.
	CHEM 155 - Science of Cooking FDR: SC Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring 2013 and alternate years An introduction to the structure of molecules as well as their inter- and intramolecular interactions, with an emphasis on those species of importance to food and cooking. Chemical reactivity as it relates to cooking, food preservation, and spoilage is also discussed. Course work includes cooking and food-based experiments. The first two weeks take place on campus, the final two weeks includes visits to a culinary school and food production facilities. This course may not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for Chemistry 295 when the topic was culinary chemistry. Winschel.
	CHEM 156 - Science in Art FDR: SC Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Winter 2014 and alternate years. Prerequisite: Instructor consent. This course develops students’ fundamental understanding of certain physical, chemical, biological, and geological concepts and utilizes that vocabulary and knowledge to discuss 17th-century Dutch art. The emphasis is on key aspects of optics, light, and chemical bonding needed to understand how a painting “works” and how art conservators analyze paintings in terms of conservation and authenticity, using techniques such as X-ray radiography, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, infrared microscopy, infrared reflectography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, UV-vis spectroscopy, UV photography, and laser ablation methods. When possible, the course develops modern notions of science with those of the 17th century in order to see how 17th-century science influenced 17th-century art. Uffelman.
	CHEM 160 - CSI: W&L BIOL 160 FDR: SL Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring, when departmental teaching loads allow No prerequisites. Appropriate for non-science majors. This laboratory course is an introduction to the field of forensic science with a focus on the physical, chemical, and biological basis of crime scene evidence. A particular emphasis is on the analysis of trace physical (e.g., glass, soil, fiber, ballistics) and biological (e.g., hair, blood, DNA) evidence and forensic toxicology (e.g., drugs, alcohol, poisons). The laboratory portion of this course provides “hands-on” opportunities to analyze collected crime scene samples and to utilize some of the commonly used forensic laboratory techniques such as microscopy, chromatography, and spectroscopy. The course also introduces some of the legal aspects associated with collection and analysis of crime-scene evidence. Laboratory course. LaRiviere, Watson.
	CHEM 165 - Dynamic Systems Modeling and the Global Climate FDR: SC Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Spring Scientists agree with economists, doctors, investors, and CEOs that computer models are the best tools that we have available for understanding complex systems and addressing predictive challenges therein. In this course, you learn to design, create, and implement models of simple systems, beginning with creating a model that reproduces measureable behavior of a system in which we all have interest - the temperature of the earth. Students learn about the atmosphere, its chemistry, and its dynamics and build a “simple” model to reproduce actual measureable data. You learn to think about the design of models in terms of sources, sinks, stocks, flows, feedback, events, rates, and equilibrium. Finally, you independently identify a system to model that is either relevant to the atmosphere, to the biosphere, or of general interest to you. Readings include selections from an introductory text on computational science, excerpts from texts on global climate that involve both the policy and the science of the atmosphere, and whatever material needed to complete the final project. Tuchler.
	CHEM 175 - Teaching Inquiry Science in Local Schools Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Not offered in 2012-2013. Prerequisite: CHEM 100, 106, or 111. This service-learning course teaches the development of hands on laboratory activities to fulfill physical science goals required by the science standards of learning (SOL) for Virginia’s public schools. Students create instructional science experiments for chosen age levels to explore and implement activities with school children in Lexington City and Rockbridge County school classrooms. Students visit at least two different classrooms. Primarily a laboratory course. LaRiviere.
	CHEM 195 - The Nuclear Age FDR: SC Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Not offered in 2012-2013 This seminar initially reviews the science and technology leading to the development and production of the first nuclear weapons. It then examines the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan. The final portion of the course addresses the political, social, and environmental legacies of these weapons. Students write a series of short papers, based on their reading of primary and secondary sources, that form the basis for group discussions throughout the seminar. A term paper is required. Not a laboratory course. Settle.
	CHEM 196 - Nuclear Power: Energy and the Environment FDR: SC Credits: 3 Planned Offering: Not offered in 2012-2013. This course examines the role of nuclear power as a current and future source of energy. Topics include introduction to science and technology of nuclear reactors; the nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear waste; the history of nuclear power generation in the U.S. and other nations, economic, legal, and environmental issues; the risks associated with proliferation of nuclear weapons and terrorist attacks; and a comparison of nuclear power with other sources of energy. Settle.
	CHEM 211 - Analytical Chemistry Credits: 4 Planned Offering: Winter, 2014 Prerequisite: CHEM 110 and sophomore standing. Emphasis on inorganic systems exhibiting aqueous solution equilibria. Topics covered include acid/base reactions, redox reactions, complexation, precipitation reactions, and solution equilibrium. Laboratory work emphasizes basic wet-chemical as well as more sophisticated instrumental techniques of chemical quantitative analysis with appropriate statistical methods of data handling. Laboratory course with fee. Pleva.

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Course Descriptions

BIOL 295 - Seminar in Biology

BIOL 296 - Topics in Integrative Science:

BIOL 297 - Topics in Biology

BIOL 301 - Statistics for Biology and Medicine

BIOL 310 - Microbiology

BIOL 320 - Modern Genetic Analysis

BIOL 321 - Advanced Genetics Laboratory

BIOL 322 - Conservation Genetics

BIOL 323 - Research Questions in Genomes

BIOL 325 - Ecological Modeling and Conservation Strategies

BIOL 330 - Experimental Botany: Global Climate Change

BIOL 332 - Plant Functional Ecology

BIOL 340 - Evolution

BIOL 340S - Evolutionary Biology at St. Andrews

BIOL 350 - Immunology

BIOL 355 - Microanatomy

BIOL 362 - Animal Physiology

BIOL 365 - Developmental Biology

BIOL 385 - Molecular Mechanics of Life

BIOL 395 - Selected Topics in Structural and Functional Biology

BIOL 396 - Selected Topics in Cellular and Molecular Biology

BIOL 397 - Neuroendocrinology

BIOL 398 - Selected Topics in Ecology and Evolution

BIOL 401 - Directed Individual Study

BIOL 402 - Directed Individual Study

BIOL 403 - Directed Individual Study

BIOL 422 - Directed Individual Research

BIOL 423 - Directed Individual Research

BIOL 424 - Directed Individual Research

BIOL 442 - Honors Thesis Proposal

BIOL 464 - Richmond Clinical Rotation Program

BIOL 492 - Honors Thesis

BIOL 493 - Honors Thesis

BIOL 494 - Honors Thesis

BIOL 495 - Honors Thesis

BIOL 496 - Honors Thesis

BUS 105 - Life Finance

BUS 110 - Leadership Themes in Classic Films

BUS 180 - FS: First-Year Seminar

BUS 195 - Selected Topics in Business Administration

BUS 196 - Williams Investment Society

BUS 197 - Washington and Lee Student Consulting

BUS 198 - Entrepreneurship Field Consulting Experience

BUS 211 - Marketing Management

BUS 217 - Management and Organizational Behavior

BUS 221 - Managerial Finance

BUS 241 - Wicked Problems

BUS 245 - iStartup

BUS 247 - Ramen, Red Bull, and (Free) Radicals: Technology Startup Cultures and Caricatures

BUS 301 - Seminar in Organizational Behavior

BUS 302 - Seminar in Finance

BUS 303 - Seminar in Marketing

BUS 304 - Seminar in Management

BUS 305 - Seminar in International Business

BUS 306 - Seminar in Management Information Systems

BUS 310 - Management Information Systems

BUS 312 - Computer Forensics

BUS 315 - Database Management for Business

BUS 317 - Data Mining for Sales, Marketing and Customer Relationship Management

BUS 321 - Multimedia Design and Development

BUS 325 - E-Commerce Development

BUS 330 - Global Human-Resource Management

BUS 333 - International Production and Operations Management

BUS 335 - Ethics of Globalization

BUS 337 - Economic Globalization and Multinational Corporations

BUS 345 - Business Ethics

BUS 346 - Private Law in a Market Economy

BUS 349 - Negotiation and Dispute Resolution in a Business Environment

BUS 350 - Building Financial Models

BUS 353 - Real Estate Finance

BUS 355 - Cases in Corporate Finance

BUS 356 - Financial Risk Management

BUS 357 - Multinational Business Finance

BUS 358 - Corporate Mergers, Leveraged Buyouts, and Divestitures

BUS 359 - Investments

BUS 370 - Integrated Marketing Communications

BUS 371 - Creative Strategic Planning

BUS 372 - Cross-Cultural Issues in Marketing

BUS 390 - Supervised Study Abroad