2009-2010 University Catalog archived
Course Descriptions
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Biology |
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BIOL 355 - Microanatomy
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisite: BIOL 220.A study of the normal microscopic structure of the mammalian body with emphasis placed on structural and functional correlations. Laboratory work includes the study of prepared tissue and the preparation of tissues for microscopy. Laboratory course.I’Anson.
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BIOL 362 - Animal Physiology
Credits: 4
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisite: BIOL 220.A comparative study of functional processes of animals, primarily vertebrates, and their environmental interactions. Laboratory emphasis is on functional adaptations and the use of physiological instrumentation in measuring functional processes. Laboratory course.I’Anson.
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BIOL 365 - Developmental Biology
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisite: BIOL 220.An examination of the goals, practices, and accomplishments of contemporary developmental biology. Topics include gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, genetic control of cell differentiation, transgenic procedures, cloning, embryo manipulation, and stem cells. Lectures, discussions of the developmental literature, and electronic media are utilized. Laboratory sessions focus on experimental manipulations of early invertebrate and vertebrate embryos and emphasize student-designed research projects.Watson.
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BIOL 395 - Selected Topics in Structural and Functional Biology
Credits: 3
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisites: BIOL 220, junior standing and permission of the instructor.Topics include physiology, neurobiology, developmental biology and immunology. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.
Topic for Fall, 2009:
BIOL 395: Clinical Trials (3). Clinical trials of drugs and other medical therapies are the primary basis for evidence-based medical practice. Students learn to read and critically analyze the results of clinical trials through participation in a group research project. This research project examines the ways that industry, government, and academic trials differ by compiling the statistical findings from trials of statins and other classes of cholesterol-lowering drugs. Marsh
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BIOL 396 - Selected Topics in Cellular and Molecular Biology
Credits: 3-4
Prerequisites: BIOL 220, junior standing and permission of the instructor.Topics include genetics, virology, cell biology and microbiology. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.
Topic for Spring, 2010:
BIOL 396: The Stem Cell Controversy (4): An investigation of the origin, biology, and potential of embryonic and adult stem cells for repair and regeneration. Applications to Parkinson’s disease, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, myocardial repair, and liver regeneration are examined. Lectures, discussions of the stem cell literature, and case studies are included. Weilgus
Topic for Fall, 2009:
BIOL 396: Special Topics: Virology (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 220. This course is an introduction to the study of viruses and will focus on the structure, genetics & pathogenesis of eukaryotic viruses, with emphasis on viruses causing human disease. Marsh
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BIOL 397 - Neuroendocrinology
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring
Prerequisites: BIOL 220, junior standing and permission of the instructor.The study of the interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system, with special reference to regulation and communication in the mammal. Topics may include neuroendocrine regulation of development, the role of the adrenal axis in stress, metabolic regulation of reproduction, or biological rhythms. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.I’Anson.
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BIOL 398 - Selected Topics in Ecology and Evolution
Credits: 3
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisites: BIOL 220, junior standing and permission of the instructor.Topics include ecology, behavior, evolution, and natural history of selected taxonomic groups. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.Staff.
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BIOL 401 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.Reading in the primary research literature on a selected topic under the direction of a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines (available from biology faculty). May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major.Staff.
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BIOL 402 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 2
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.Reading in the primary research literature on a selected topic under the direction of a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines (available from biology faculty). May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major.Staff.
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BIOL 403 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.Reading in the primary research literature on a selected topic under the direction of a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines (available from biology faculty). May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major.Staff.
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BIOL 422 - Directed Individual Research
Credits: 2
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines (available from biology faculty). Consult the department Web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major.Staff.
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BIOL 423 - Directed Individual Research
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines (available from biology faculty). Consult the department Web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major.Staff.
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BIOL 424 - Directed Individual Research
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a faculty member, by prior mutual agreement and according to departmental guidelines (available from biology faculty). Consult the department Web page or individual faculty for a description of current research areas. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major.Staff.
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BIOL 442 - Honors Thesis Proposal
Credits: 2
Prerequisite: Honors candidacy.Writing a proposal for honors thesis research, including a clear statement of the problem being studied, a literature review, and a feasible, detailed plan for the research. Taken no later than the winter term of the junior year. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major.Staff.
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BIOL 464 - Richmond Clinical Rotation Program
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring
Prerequisites: 3.000 cumulative grade-point average; BIOL 111, CHEM 112, or PHYS 112; sophomore or junior standing; and selection through an application process.This program is for students who have demonstrated an interest in a career in medicine. The Richmond Term Program combines an introductory experience in a medical practice with academic study of Immunology and infectious disease. It exposes the students to the process and problems of medicine through observations, seminars, and discussions. This is a faculty-supervised, off-campus experience with various physicians in Richmond, VA.Simurda.
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BIOL 492 - Honors Thesis
Credits: 2
Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and BIOL 442.Laboratory and/or field research resulting in an honors thesis. A total of six credits is required. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major.Staff.
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BIOL 493 - Honors Thesis
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and BIOL 442.Laboratory and/or field research resulting in an honors thesis. A total of six credits is required. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major.Staff.
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BIOL 494 - Honors Thesis
Credits: 4
Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and BIOL 442.Laboratory and/or field research resulting in an honors thesis. A total of six credits is required. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major.Staff.
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BIOL 495 - Honors Thesis
Credits: 5
Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and BIOL 442.Laboratory and/or field research resulting in an honors thesis. A total of six credits is required. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major.Staff.
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BIOL 496 - Honors Thesis
Credits: 6
Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and BIOL 442.Laboratory and/or field research resulting in an honors thesis. A total of six credits is required. No more than six credit hours of work at the 400 level may apply toward the major.Staff.
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Business Administration |
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BUS 101 - Business in a Changing World
Credits: 3
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
This course provides an overview of the field of management and its relationship to the changing business environment. Topics include financial analysis, marketing, production/operations, human resource management, business ethics, leadership and managerial psychology, and personal career management.Staff.
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BUS 105 - Life Finance
Credits: 4
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. Not open to majors in accounting and business administration, business administration, economics, or public accounting.This course applies finance theory to topics in personal finance. Readings focus on personal-finance topics, financial-data sources, and other items in the financial press. Students begin the class focusing on their life’s goals: family, career, service to others, lifestyle. After considering personal goals, we explore the tools needed to achieve those goals. A computer lab component enables students to build spreadsheet models useful in making decisions in areas such as financial mathematics, household financial planning, financial markets, investments, and retirement planning. The class is intended for students with an interest in money matters but without a background in finance or economics.Schwartz.
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BUS 105 - Life Finance
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring 2011
Prerequisite: Junior or senior Standing. Not open to majors in accounting and business administration, business administration, economics, or public accounting.This course applies finance theory to topics in personal finance. Readings focus on personal-finance topics, financial-data sources, and other items in the financial press. Students begin the class focusing on their life’s goals: family, career, service to others, lifestyle. After considering personal goals, we explore the tools needed to achieve those goals. A computer lab component enables students to build spreadsheet models useful in making decisions in areas such as financial mathematics, household financial planning, financial markets, investments, and retirement planning. The class is intended for students with an interest in money matters but without a background in finance or economics.Schwartz
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BUS 110 - Leadership Themes in Classic Films
Credits: 3
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
This course is based on the fundamental belief that there is much to be learned about management and leadership from mankind’s greatest texts and films. We examine leaders in context-their qualities and courses of action reveal individuals at the iron moment of decision, going beyond illustrations and models to look at perennially important issues of management and leadership from a more theoretical perspective. To achieve this objective, we watch a diverse selection of classic films, such as The Bridge on the River Kwai, Norma Rae, Citizen Kane, and Twelve Angry Men.Dean.
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BUS 195 - Selected Topics in Business Administration
Credits: 3
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Topical coverage of areas in management, based on the interests of the instructor and students. Topics vary from year to year and are announced prior to registration. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.Staff.
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BUS 196 - Williams Investment Society
Credits: 0
When Offered: Fall, Winter
Pass/fail basis only.Prerequisite: Permission of the department head. Students must participate in a competitive application process in order to participate.This cocurricular educational student organization manages a portion of Washington and Lee’s endowment. Students meet in formal and informal sessions conducted by faculty advisers and attend presentations made by outside speakers hosted by the Williams School. The experiential learning that occurs in this setting is grounded in fields such as accounting, economics, and finance, as well as the practice of investments and banking.Culpepper, Schwartz.
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BUS 197 - Washington and Lee Student Consulting
Credits: 0
When Offered: Fall, Winter, Spring
Pass/fail basis only.Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Students must participate in a competitive application process in order to participate.This cocurricular student organization provides pro bono consulting services to businesses and not-for-profits. Experiential learning draws from business fields, such as marketing, finance, accounting, e-commerce, database management, business strategy, and human resources. In addition to working on various projects, students gain experience managing the organization.Straughan, Oliver.
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BUS 205 - Private Law in a Market Economy
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Winter
Prerequisite: Junior standing.This course studies the law governing the relations between individuals in day-to-day commerce. The emphasis is on how individuals and firms organize their voluntary agreements in markets, a process governed by the law of contracts. The course covers this process, ranging from the sale of goods, through the securing and payment of debt, to the creation of large corporations. Both the Common Law and the Uniform Commercial Code are analyzed. The course accents procedural and managerial techniques and stresses economic and ethical issues. Writing assignments apply legal theories to literary masterworks and hypothetical situations.Culpepper.
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BUS 211 - Marketing Management
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Winter
Prerequisites: ECON 101 and 102, ACCT 201; INTR 202 or equivalent, and junior standing.An exploration of strategic marketing. The focus of the course is on the analysis of a firm’s current marketing strengths and weaknesses and the development of a strategic plan to capitalize on key opportunities. Topics include environmental analysis, market segmentation, targeting and positioning, and management of the marketing mix. Throughout the course, significant attention is devoted to international issues, the interrelationships between marketing and other disciplines, and the role of ethically and socially responsible marketing.Bower, Simmons, Straughan.
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BUS 217 - Management and Organizational Behavior
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Winter
Prerequisite: Junior standing.A study of management in modern organizations. This course examines the factors which influence individual, group, and firm behavior in the context of the workplace. Topics covered include individual differences, motivation, leadership, business ethics, group behavior, decision making, and organizational design and change.Dean, Herbert.
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BUS 221 - Managerial Finance
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Winter
Prerequisites: ECON 101 and 102; ACCT 201 and 202; INTR 202 or equivalent; and junior standing.A study of finance from a managerial perspective emphasizing the primary goal of the firm as stockholder wealth maximization. Emphasis is on decisions relating to the acquisition of assets and funds and internal management-financial analysis, planning and control, working capital management, capital budgeting, sources and forms of long-term financing, financial structure and the cost of capital, and valuation.Hoover, Kester, Schwartz.
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BUS 301 - Seminar in Organizational Behavior
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: BUS 217, at least junior standing, and permission of the instructor.Offered from time to time when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
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BUS 302 - Seminar in Finance
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: BUS 221, at least junior standing and permission of the instructor.Offered from time to time when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Topic for Winter, 2010:
BUS 302B: Seminar in Finance: Real Estate Finance (3). Prerequisite: ACCT 201 and INTR 202. This course has three main objectives. The first and primary objective is for students to learn how to value properties and manage a portfolio of real estate. To achieve this objective, students consider valuation techniques in light of the variety of financing alternatives that might be available. The second objective is for students to understand the causes and effects of the recent real estate collapse. The final objective is for students to learn from the advice of practitioners who visit the class. Hoover.
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BUS 303 - Seminar in Marketing
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: BUS 211, at least junior standing and permission of the instructor.Offered from time to time when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
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BUS 304 - Money, Power, and Lies
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
Prerequisite: At least junior standing.This course integrates material from the disciplines of business ethics and organizational behavior to examine the impact of psychological and social forces on the ability of individuals to act ethically in large organizations. Beginning with the era of the ENRON and Arthur Anderson scandals and continuing through the current financial crisis, the issue of unethical behavior in large organizations has grown more disturbing. The concern is not confined to the financial industry. For example, both NASA shuttle disasters have been used as case studies in ethics and groupthink. Off-shore work practices and CEO compensation have raised ethical questions in many large companies.Herbert.
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BUS 305 - Seminar in International Business
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: At least junior standing and permission of the instructor.Offered from time to time when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
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BUS 306 - Seminar in Management Information Systems
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: At least junior standing.Topics vary by term and instructor.
Topic for Spring, 2010:
BUS 306: Computer Forensics (3). This course introduces computer forensic investigation and provides insight to the importance of computer security in organizations, present and future. Computer forensics involves obtaining and analyzing digital information for use as evidence in civil, criminal, or administrative cases. The course examines computer-related crimes such as hacking, theft of intellectual property, identity theft, and fraud. Students learn how consumer and citizen information is stored and shared, how electronic financial transactions are conducted, and the importance of computer forensics within areas such as accounting, business, and the law. Students also learn about the tools and methods used by law enforcement when investigating cybercrimes, how to perform computer crime investigations, and the recovery and analysis of digital evidence. The course provides hands-on experience in applying digital forensic tools and basic understanding of computer networks, including their components, functionality, and vulnerabilities. Pratt
Topic for Fall, 2009:
BUS 306: Seminar in Management Information Systems: Multimedia Design and Development (3). Prerequisite: At least junior standing or permission of the instructor. This course is an introduction to the study and creation of multimedia primarily for business. Students explore the steps used to plan and create interactive multimedia content that effectively target and deliver information to the right people. This is a hands-on, project oriented course with emphasis on the creation of media elements like audio, video, interactive programming, and design; with a focus on using Adobe Dreamweaver and Flash as the foundation for creating online multimedia. Students also learn to use other media development tools including Cascading Style Sheets, Adobe Photoshop, Audacity, and Final Cut Express. Ballenger
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BUS 310 - Management Information Systems
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Winter
Prerequisite: Junior standing.The objective is to build an understanding of the value and uses of information systems for business operations, management decision making, and strategic advantage. Topics include basic systems concepts and major roles of information systems; computer, telecommunications, and database management concepts; and management issues in the implementation of information systems, including international, security, and ethical considerations.Ballenger, Pratt.
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BUS 315 - Database Management for Business
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Not open to students who have received credit for CSCI 317. Prerequisite: At least junior standing.An introduction to the theories, concepts, features, and capabilities of database management systems in a business environment. This course provides a greater understanding of how to design, develop and access database-driven business applications and emphasizes the use of database-management systems in realworld business settings and how this technology can be applied effectively to solve business problems. In this project-oriented course, students acquire the skills to document, design, create, test, and access a fully functional Oracle business database application. No prior programming or application development experience is assumed.Ballenger.
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BUS 317 - Data Mining for Sales, Marketing and Customer Relationship Management
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring 2011
Prerequisites: INTR 201 and 202 and at least junior standing. This course provides an introduction and overview to data mining as a means to understanding customers (existing and potential) in a broad sense, rather than focusing on underlying theory. Many organizations have a wealth of data residing in their databases. Business data mining is the process of collecting and turning this resource into business value. Basic data-mining methods have broad applications: market-basket analysis of scanner data, customer relationship management, churn analysis, direct marketing, fraud detection, click-stream web mining, personalization and recommendation systems, risk management, and credit scoring. The course provides hands-on experience in applying these techniques to practical real-world business problems using commercial data-mining software.Ballenger
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BUS 320 - E-Commerce Management
Credits: 3
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisites: ECON 101 and 102 and at least junior standing.This course examines historical, entrepreneurial, strategic, social, and legal aspects of using the Internet for business purposes. Emphasis is on a managerial perspective, rather than a technical perspective, of e-commerce. Topics include Internet infrastructure, innovation, change, competition, intellectual property, and privacy. Case studies are used extensively, and students prepare written and oral case discussions and present collaborative research projects.Garvis.
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BUS 325 - E-Commerce Development
Credits: 3
When Offered: Spring
Prerequisite: At least junior standing.An introduction to the benefits, capabilities and related information technologies which comprise the current state of ecommerce. This course provides a greater understanding of how to design, develop and implement e-commerce transaction-processing applications, such as dynamic Web page generation, interactive database updates, and virtual shopping carts. In this project-oriented course, students acquire the skills to design, create, test, and debug a fully functional, Web-based transaction processing e-commerce application. No prior programming or application development experience is assumed.Ballenger.
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BUS 330 - Global Human-Resource Management
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Winter
Prerequisite: BUS 217.Human-resource management (HRM) is concerned with how to best attract, select, develop, and retain employees in organizations. This course examines HRM in the global context. Topics include employee selection, training, performance management, compensation, health, safety, and security, and termination. We focus on designing HRM practices in the context of the global social, legal, and technological environments.Dean.
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BUS 340 - Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management
Credits: 3
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisites: BUS 211 and 221 or permission of the instructor.A study of entrepreneurs, creation of new ventures, and the management of smaller enterprises. Emphasis is on the characteristics of successful entrepreneurs, identification and analysis of opportunities for new ventures, special legal and tax considerations, acquisition of capital, and the traditional requirements of successful management as they apply to smaller enterprises. Extensive use is made of case studies and a major research/case analysis project involving a potential or actual business is required.
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BUS 345 - Business Ethics
(INTR 345)
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
An examination of the moral and ethical issues associated with management policy and executive decisions. The course examines the basic approaches to moral reasoning, macro-moral issues concerning the justice of economic systems, and micro-moral issues, such as the following: conflict of interest, whistle blowing, discrimination in employment, product safety, environment, and advertising.Reiter.
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BUS 350 - Negotiation and Dispute Resolution in a Business Environment
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
Prerequisite: BUS 205 or permission of the instructor.This course is designed to give students the abilities to negotiate successfully in a commercial environment and to create business solutions when a problem or dispute arises. Lectures, written materials, group projects, video, and role-play are utilized to explore the various theories of negotiation and types of dispute resolution, and to equip students with practical skills for forming and preserving business relationships and resolving business disputes as they occur.Culpepper.
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BUS 354 - Advanced Business Law
Credits: 3
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisites: BUS 205 and senior standing.A survey of specialized legal relationships, such as negotiable instruments and corporations, and an introduction to legal thought at the philosophical and policy level.Staff.
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BUS 355 - Cases in Corporate Finance
Credits: 3
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisite: BUS 221.Through use of the case method of learning, this course focuses on applied corporate finance strategy, including financial forecasting, financing sales growth, short-term versus long-term financing, commercial bank borrowing, leasing, and capital structure policy. Classroom participation is emphasized.Kester.
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BUS 357 - Multinational Business Finance
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisite: BUS 221.A study of the critical aspects of managerial finance in a multinational setting, covering both theoretical and practical issues. Emphasis is placed on identifying the unique risk-return opportunities faced by corporations that maintain business units across national borders. Topics included are foreign exchange and exchange rate determination, international capital markets, the environment of multinational corporate finance, risk management, and cross-border investment decisions. Text, readings, and projects.Hoover.
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BUS 358 - Corporate Mergers, Leveraged Buyouts, and Divestitures
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
Prerequisite: BUS 221.This course focuses upon company valuation, mergers, leveraged buyouts, and divestitures. The interactive course makes extensive use of the case method in developing an understanding of business valuation methodologies and corporate financing decisions. Advanced-level finance concepts, models, and techniques are applied by students in the development of situational problem formulation, analysis, evaluation, and decision-making skills necessary to solve the unstructured problems faced in the practice of financial and business management. Classroom participation and group presentations are emphasized.Kester.
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BUS 359 - International Production/Operations Business Administration
Credits: 3
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisite: INTR 202.A study of the production/operations function in manufacturing and service companies with emphasis on systems and processes necessary to compete in global markets. Case analysis and site visits are used to examine topics, such as operations strategy, total quality management, statistical process control, just-in-time systems, and project management.Garvis.
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BUS 364 - Cross-Cultural Issues in Marketing
Credits: 3
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisite: Either ANTH 101, 210, BUS 211 or 217.A study of cultural theories and their effects on a variety of international management and international marketing practices. The course uses extensive readings and discussions of various cross-cultural theories and methods of inquiry from the social sciences, general management, marketing, and consumer/organizational behavior literature. Emphasis is placed on understanding both the theoretical dimensions of culture and the impact these dimensions have on a variety of business activities. Students develop and lead seminar sessions and develop an in-depth research proposal applying their understanding of cultural theories to some unexplored phenomena within marketing, or another functional area of management. Readings, discussion, written project, and presentation.Straughan.
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BUS 365 - Investments
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Winter
Prerequisites: INTR 202 and BUS 221 or permission of the instructor.A study of investments and investment management from a practical and theoretical point of view, including the institutional and economic environment relevant to common stocks, preferred stocks, bonds, puts, calls, and commodity future contracts. These assets are studied in terms of the markets in which they are traded, governing regulations, taxes, valuation, risk, characteristic line, and construction of a portfolio. Capital market theory and the Markowitz portfolio model are explored. Text, readings, and projects.Schwartz.
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BUS 370 - Integrated Marketing Communications
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisites: At least junior standing and permission of the instructor.Nature and contributions of the elements of marketing communications (e.g., advertising, sales promotions, the Web) in creating brand equity and generating demand stimulation. A project-oriented course with an emphasis on the strategic application of concepts related to integration and organization of promotional effort to facilitate communication programs for products and/or services.Bower.
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BUS 375 - Strategic Management
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Winter
Prerequisite: Senior standing.A capstone course designed to expose students to a strategic perspective on global issues that impact the firm. Integrative in that it draws on concepts from functional disciplines (e.g., finance, marketing, accounting) in the diagnosis, analysis, and resolution of complex business situations. Practical problem-solving skills are emphasized. Case analysis and/or computer simulation are used extensively in oral presentations and written cases.Garvis, Gibbs, Reiter.
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BUS 390 - Supervised Study Abroad
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring (when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit)
Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor, other prerequisites as specified by the instructor, and approval of the International Education Committee.These upperlevel courses cover topics of current interest in business administration for which international travel provides a unique opportunity for enhancing understanding. Emphasis changes from year to year and is announced well in advance of registration.
Spring 2010 Topics:
BUS 390A: Supervised Study Abroad: Business in Ireland (4). Spring Term Abroad course. The “Celtic Tiger” has become the strongest economy in Europe. In the past 15 years, Ireland has benefited from a partnership between government, business, and labor unions, and received significant direct foreign investments. In this course, students study the business climate and management practices of modern Ireland, including its role in the European Union through lectures, discussions, presentations, and site visits. Students are also immersed in the culture of Ireland through lectures and excursions to sites of historic and cultural significance. Dean.
BUS 390B: Supervised Study Abroad in Nicaragua: Business in a Developing Economy (4). Spring Term Abroad course. This course investigates the economic and business development issues and the role business has in hindering and/or promoting development in Nicaragua. Potential areas of investigation include trade agreements, sustainable development, foreign direct investment, maquiladoras, privatization of utilities, indigenous property rights, microfinancing, fair trade, labor practices, participation of women in the economy, and local cooperatives. Reiter.Staff.
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BUS 401 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 1
Prerequisites: Senior standing and permission of the instructor.The objective is to permit students to follow a course of directed study in some field of management not presented in other courses or to emphasize a particular field of interest. Credits may not be used toward the major requirements in business administration.Staff.
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BUS 402 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 2
Prerequisites: Senior standing and permission of the instructor.The objective is to permit students to follow a course of directed study in some field of management not presented in other courses or to emphasize a particular field of interest. Credits may not be used toward the major requirements in business administration.Staff.
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BUS 403 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: Senior standing and permission of the instructor.The objective is to permit students to follow a course of directed study in some field of management not presented in other courses or to emphasize a particular field of interest.Staff.
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BUS 406 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 6
Prerequisites: Senior standing and permission of the instructor.The objective is to permit students to follow a course of directed study in some field of management not presented in other courses or to emphasize a particular field of interest.Staff.
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BUS 453 - Internship
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Spring
Prerequisites: Junior standing, Williams School major, and permission of the department.A limited number of off-campus, summer positions open to Williams School majors. Selection is competitive, based on academic performance and personal interviews. Each intern is closely supervised by a member of the business administration department. Students register for the credits as part of a normal class load for the following Fall Term, during which they write an in-depth research paper related to their intern experiences.
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BUS 493 - Honors Thesis
Credits: 3-3
When Offered: Fall-Winter
Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and minimum cumulative grade-point average in the major of 3.500.Honors Thesis.
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CHEM 100 - Modern Descriptive Chemistry
FDR: SL, GE5a
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisite: Permission of the department. Enrollment limited. Not open to students with previous credit in 200-level chemistry.An elementary study of the structure and reactions of molecules. Laboratory work illustrates some fundamental procedures in chemistry. Designed for non-science students fulfilling general education requirements or desiring a science elective. Laboratory course with fee.Pleva.
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CHEM 106 - Disorder and Chaos
FDR: SL, GE5a
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring
An interdisciplinary introduction to the concepts underlying nonlinear dynamics and fractal geometry emphasizing the theories of chaos and complexity. Students study mathematical and computer modeling of physical and social systems and interpret the results of these models using graphical methods and written descriptions. Methods and concepts from calculus are demonstrated but no mathematics beyond highschool algebra is assumed. The laboratory component consists of a series of projects from diverse areas of the natural sciences, including pendulum motion, oscillating chemical reactions, and natural growth patterns. Laboratory course.Desjardins, Pleva, Abry.
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CHEM 111 - General Chemistry
FDR: SL, GE5a
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall
The fundamental principles of general chemistry, with emphasis on atomic and molecular structure, phases of matter, and spectroscopic methods. Laboratory work includes model building, qualitative inorganic analysis and a brief introduction to GC-MS, NMR and UV-VIS spectroscopies. No previous knowledge of chemistry is required, though it is advantageous. Laboratory course with fee.Tuchler, Uffelman, Abry.
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CHEM 112 - Aqueous Inorganic Quantitative Chemistry
FDR: SC, GE5c
Credits: 4
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisite: CHEM 111.A continuation of CHEM 111, with emphasis on inorganic systems exhibiting aqueous solution equilibria. Topics covered include acid/base reactions, redox reactions, complexation, precipitation reactions, introductory thermodynamics and kinetics, and solution equilibrium. Laboratory work emphasizes techniques of chemical quantitative analysis and data handling. Designed for students planning to continue with more advanced science courses. Laboratory course with fee.Desjardins, Pleva, Abry.
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CHEM 120 - Atmospheric Science from the Ground Up
(BIOL 120)FDR: SL, GE5a
Credits: 4
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
One of the most complex and important physical systems that scientists must understand is the climate. Predictions regarding climate change and the impact of human activity on that change are made based on our understanding of the complex interactions that drive atmospheric composition and the interaction of the atmosphere with the biosphere and the geosphere. Society asks critical questions - both global and local in reach - regarding the impact of climate change and the drivers behind that change. Answers to these questions may have significant impact on the world economy and choices we make locally, statewide, and nationally. Washington and Lee is located three miles from I-81, a major trucking route for interstate commerce. The atmospheric pollutants generated by the traffic on I-81 have an impact on the atmosphere, watersheds (including Chesapeake Bay), plants, and soils. In this course, field and laboratory exercises include the analysis of atmospheric inputs from I-81 and their impacts on soil and plant concentrations of contaminants. Lectures provide background so that informed hypotheses may be made relating to the influences of highways on local and regional atmospheres and environmental contamination are tested. Laboratory course.Hamilton, Tuchler.
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CHEM 133 - Describing Nature
FDR: SC, GE5c
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall
This writing-based seminar considers how scientists describe natural phenomena and express scientific theories in terms of mathematics, graphical representations, and prose. Students examine a collection of topics from physics, chemistry and biology and examine how accepted explanations of these phenomena in terms of mathematical models are verified by experiment and then translated to concepts using ordinary language. In essence, if a scientific theory is expressed as an equation, how can we understand it in terms of pictures and words? Topics include entropy, the uncertainty principle, and definitions of life.Desjardins.
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CHEM 155 - Science of Cooking
FDR: SC, GE5c
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring
An introduction to the structure of molecules as well as their inter- and intramolecular interactions, with an emphasis on those species of importance to food and cooking. Chemical reactivity as it relates to cooking, food preservation, and spoilage is also discussed. Course work includes cooking and foodbased experiments. The first two weeks take place on campus, the final two weeks includes visits to a culinary school and food production facilities. This course may not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for Chemistry 295 when the topic was culinary chemistry.France.
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CHEM 156 - Science in Art
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter 2010 and alternate years.
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.This course develops students’ fundamental understanding of certain physical, chemical, biological, and geological concepts and utilizes that vocabulary and knowledge to discuss 17th-century Dutch art. The emphasis is on key aspects of optics, light, and chemical bonding needed to understand how a painting “works” and how art conservators analyze paintings in terms of conservation and authenticity, using techniques such as X-ray radiography, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, infrared microscopy, infrared reflectography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, UV-vis spectroscopy, UV photography, and laser ablation methods. When possible, the course develops modern notions of science with those of the 17th century in order to see how 17th-century science influenced 17th-century art.Uffelman.
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CHEM 165 - Dynamic Systems Modeling and the Global Climate
FDR: SC
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
Scientists agree with economists, doctors, investors, and CEOs that computer models are the best tools that we have available for understanding complex systems and addressing predictive challenges therein. In this course, you learn to design, create, and implement models of simple systems, beginning with creating a model that reproduces measureable behavior of a system in which we all have interest - the temperature of the earth. Students learn about the atmosphere, its chemistry, and its dynamics and build a “simple” model to reproduce actual measureable data. You learn to think about the design of models in terms of sources, sinks, stocks, flows, feedback, events, rates, and equilibrium. Finally, you independently identify a system to model that is either relevant to the atmosphere, to the biosphere, or of general interest to you. Readings include selections from an introductory text on computational science, excerpts from texts on global climate that involve both the policy and the science of the atmosphere, and whatever material needed to complete the final project.Tuchler.
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CHEM 175 - Developing Outreach Activities for Local Schools
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring 2010
Prerequisite: CHEM 100, 106, or 111.This service-learning course teaches the development of hands on laboratory activities to fulfill physical science goals required by the science standards of learning (SOL) for Virginia’s public schools. Students create instructional science experiments for chosen age levels to explore and implement activities with school children in Lexington City and Rockbridge County school classrooms. Students visit at least two different classrooms. Primarily a laboratory course.LaRiviere.
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CHEM 191 - Science of Cooking
FDR: SC, GE5c
Credits: 3
When Offered: Spring 2009
An introduction to the structure of molecules as well as their inter- and intramolecular interactions, with an emphasis on those species of importance to food and cooking. Chemical reactivity as it relates to cooking, food preservation, and spoilage is also discussed. Coursework includes cooking and food-based experiments as well as field trips to local food production facilities. This course may not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for Chemistry 295 when the topic was culinary chemistry.France.
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CHEM 195 - The Nuclear Age
FDR: SC, GE5c
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall
This seminar initially reviews the science and technology leading to the development and production of the first nuclear weapons. It then examines the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan. The final portion of the course addresses the political, social, and environmental legacies of these weapons. Students write a series of short papers, based on their reading of primary and secondary sources, that form the basis for group discussions throughout the seminar. A term paper is required. Not a laboratory course.Settle.
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CHEM 196 - Nuclear Power: Energy and the Environment
FDR: SC, GE5c
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
This course examines the role of nuclear power as a current and future source of energy. Topics include introduction to science and technology of nuclear reactors; the nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear waste; the history of nuclear power generation in the U.S. and other nations, economic, legal, and environmental issues; the risks associated with proliferation of nuclear weapons and terrorist attacks; and a comparison of nuclear power with other sources of energy.Settle.
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CHEM 241 - Organic Chemistry I
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisite: An average grade of 2.5 or better in CHEM 111 and 112 or permission of the department.General theory of organic chemistry directed toward the basic functional groups of organic compounds. Laboratory work includes the preparation of typical organic compounds. This is the first course of a sequence which will satisfy the entrance requirements of all medical schools. Laboratory course with fee.France.
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CHEM 241S - Organic Chemistry I at St. Andrews
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: An average grade of 3.0 or better in CHEM 111 and 112 or the equivalent, a 3.000 cumulative grade-point average, and permission of the International Education Committee.General theory of organic chemistry directed toward the basic functional groups of organic compounds. Laboratory work includes the preparation of typical organic compounds. This is the first course of a sequence which will satisfy the entrance requirements of all medical schools. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland with final grade assigned by W&L faculty member. Laboratory course.France.
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CHEM 242 - Organic Chemistry II
Credits: 4
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisite: CHEM 241 or 241S.A continuation of CHEM 241, including an introduction to organic spectroscopic methods. Laboratory course with fee.France.
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CHEM 243 - Organic Spectroscopic Methods
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisite or corequisite: CHEM 242.Introduction to mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, including two-dimensional techniques. Emphasis is on interpreting spectra to determine structures of organic molecules. Laboratory work uses the instruments to identify unknown organic molecules. Laboratory course with fee.Alty.
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CHEM 250 - Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry
Credits: 4
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisites: CHEM 260 or 261; pre- or corequisite: CHEM 243.A survey of main group and transition metal chemistry, as well as fundamentals of point group symmetry and of the major metalloproteins, metalloenzymes, and medicinal inorganic compounds. Main group chemistry is discussed from the perspective of the “classic” compounds from the alkali metals, the alkaline earths, the boron family, the carbon family, the pnicogens, the chalcogens, the halogens, and the noble gases. Transition metal chemistry will be examined from the standpoint of characteristic coordination geometries, kinetics and mechanism, electron transfer (inner and outer sphere), and catalysis.Uffelman.
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CHEM 260 - Physical Chemistry of Biological Systems
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: CHEM 112 and MATH 102. Prerequisite or corequisite: PHYS 111.An introduction to the application of thermodynamics and chemical kinetics of biological systems. Topics include enzyme kinetics, the thermodynamics of metabolic cycles, and the conformational energetics of biomolecules, especially protein folding.Desjardins.
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CHEM 261 - Physical Chemistry I
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: CHEM 112; prerequisite or corequisite: MATH 221.An introduction to classical thermodynamics and chemical kinetics. Examples include biological applications of thermodynamic principles and polymer and enzyme kinetics.Desjardins.
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CHEM 262 - Physical Chemistry II
Credits: 4
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisites: CHEM 112; prerequisite or corequisite: MATH 221 and PHYS 112.An introduction to quantum mechanics as it applies to atomic and molecular systems. The emphasis is placed on spectroscopic methods and the modern picture of chemical bonding and molecular structure. Semi-empirical and ab initio quantum chemistry is considered.Tuchler.
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CHEM 266 - Physical Chemical Measurements
Credits: 1
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisite or corequisite: CHEM 261 or permission of the instructor.Laboratory work illustrating the principles and instruments of physical chemistry. Laboratory course.Tuchler.
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CHEM 267 - Physical Chemical Measurements
Credits: 1
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisite: CHEM 261.Laboratory work illustrating the principles and instruments of physical chemistry. Laboratory course.Tuchler.
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CHEM 295 - Special Topics in Chemistry
Credits: 1
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisite or corequisite: 16 credits in chemistry or departmental permission.One-credit studies of special topics. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. Possible topics include solid state chemistry, metabolic diseases, culinary chemistry, developments in physical chemistry, data handling, and reaction dynamics.
Topic for Winter, 2010:
CHEM 295: Special Topics: HyperChem Laboratory (1). Prerequisite: CHEM 260 OR 261. An introduction to computational chemistry methods using HyperChem software. The format is a four-hour laboratory each week with laboratory reports. Students consider a series of chemistry problems that can be investigated using various computational methods including molecular mechanics and extended Hückel, semi-empirical, and ab initio quantum mechanics. The course also emphasizes the use of graphical presentations of data such as isosurfaces as a way to understand chemical problems. DesjardinsStaff.
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CHEM 296 - Hazardous Materials
Credits: 1
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisite or corequisite: CHEM 241 or 241S or permission of the instructor. Pass/Fail only.Introduction to safe and responsible practices in the laboratory. Evaluation of hazards and risk assessment in the laboratory, management of chemicals, working safely with chemicals and equipment and disposal of waste.Pleva.
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CHEM 297 - Special Topics in Chemistry
Credits: 2
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisite or corequisite: 16 credits in chemistry or departmental permission.Two-credit studies of special topics. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. Possible topics include electrochemistry, medicinal chemistry, atmospheric chemistry and the environment, and the dynamics of photochemistry.Staff.
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CHEM 298 - Special Topics in Chemistry
Credits: 3
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisite or corequisite:16 credits in chemistry or departmental permission.Three-credit studies of special topics. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. Possible topics include RNA biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, and atmospheric chemistry and the environment.Staff.
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CHEM 311 - Advanced Analytical Chemistry
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall 2010 and alternate years
Prerequisite: CHEM 262.This course deals with the process of experimentation. Topics include: statistics, statistical decision making, sampling, wet-chemical preparation, and measurement of analyte by modern instrumental (spectroscopic, chromatographic), as well as more traditional techniques (with an emphasis on electrochemistry). Laboratory course.Pleva.
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CHEM 341 - Biochemistry I
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisite: CHEM 242.A study of the structure, function, biosynthesis and breakdown of biomolecules, including amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Enzymes, biological membranes and membrane transport, signal transduction, and regulation of metabolism are studied in greater detail.Alty, LaRiviere.
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CHEM 342 - Biochemistry II
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisites: CHEM 242, permission of the instructor and either CHEM 341 or BIOL 215, and.A continuation of CHEM 341 with an emphasis on the structure, function, and metabolism of nucleic acids. Topics covered in detail include gene expression and regulation, DNA replication and repair, RNA transcription and processing, and protein synthesis and degradation.LaRiviere.
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CHEM 343 - Biochemistry I Laboratory
Credits: 1
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisite or corequisite: CHEM 341.Experiments demonstrate the techniques used to study proteins and lipids. Isolation and characterization of proteins and lipids using gel electrophoresis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, chromatographic techniques including GC-MS, and the proper reporting and analysis of experimental data are included. Laboratory course with fee.Alty, LaRiviere.
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CHEM 344 - Biochemistry II Laboratory
Credits: 1
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisite or corequisite: CHEM 342.A laboratory course designed to demonstrate the fundamental techniques used to study nucleic acids. Methods to isolate and characterize DNA and RNA include PCR, gel electrophoresis, hybridization techniques, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Laboratory course with fee.LaRiviere.
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CHEM 345 - Advanced Biochemistry
Credits: 3
When Offered: Spring 2010 and alternate years
Prerequisite: Either CHEM 342, or CHEM 341 and BIOL 220.A more advanced treatment of current topics in biochemistry. Specific topics vary by year but may include enzyme/ribozyme kinetics and mechanisms, signaling pathways, biomolecular transport, chromatin structure/ function, RNA processing pathways, and regulation of gene expression.LaRiviere.
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CHEM 347 - Advanced Organic Chemistry
Credits: 3
When Offered: Spring
Prerequisite: CHEM 242.An introduction to the synthesis of complex organic molecules. Topics include control of stereochemistry, synthetic methodology, modern synthetic reactions, protecting groups, natural products synthesis, and combinatorial chemistry.France.
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CHEM 350 - Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
Credits: 3
When Offered: Spring 2011 and alternate years
Prerequisites: CHEM 250 and 262.An introduction to group theory and its application to inorganic spectroscopy and an introduction to organometallic chemistry, organometallic catalytic processes, and solid state chemistry.Uffelman.
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CHEM 365 - Advanced Physical Chemistry
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisite: CHEM 262.A more advanced treatment of the fundamental areas of physical chemistry, such as thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, statistical mechanics, and quantum mechanics. Specific topics vary with student interest.Desjardins, Tuchler.
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CHEM 401 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 1
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisite or corequisite: 16 credits in chemistry or departmental permission.Advanced work and reading in topics selected by the instructor and meeting the special needs of advanced students, in accordance with departmental guidelines (available from chemistry faculty). May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.Staff.
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CHEM 402 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 2
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisite or corequisite: 16 credits in chemistry or departmental permission.Advanced work and reading in topics selected by the instructor and meeting the special needs of advanced students, in accordance with departmental guidelines (available from chemistry faculty). May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.Staff.
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