2019-2020 University Catalog archived
Course Descriptions
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English |
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ENGL 355 - Studies in British Fiction Since 1900
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. Focused study of novels and short stories by 20th- and 21st-century British writers. Topics may include modernist experimentation, theories of the novel, cultural and historical contexts, and specific themes or subgenres. Emphasis on the vocabulary and analytical techniques of narrative theory. Staff.
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ENGL 356 - Whitman vs Dickinson
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: One course numbered between ENGL 201 and 295, and one course numbered between ENGL 222 and 299. In this seminar, students read two wild and wildly different U.S. poets alongside queer theory about temporality. Since we are discussing queerness in the past, present, and future, we will also consider 2lst-century reception of 19th-century literature and history, and students will participate in a Nineteenth-Century Poetry Slam. Wheeler.
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ENGL 359 - Literature by Women of Color
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. This course focuses on the intersection of race and gender as they meet in the lives and identities of contemporary women of color via literature: African-Americans, Native Americans, Chicanas, Asian-Americans, and mixed bloods, or ‘mestizas.’ Our readings, discussions and writings focus on the work that “coming to voice” does for women of color, and for our larger society and world. Students read a variety of poetry, fiction, and autobiography in order to explore some of the issues most important to and about women of color: identity, histories, diversity, resistance and celebration. Literary analyses-i.e., close readings, explications and interpretations-are key strategies for understanding these readings. Miranda.
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ENGL 360 - Cowboys and Indians
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. A post-modern study of the “Cowboys and Indians” motif in American literature. Beginning with some stories of Native Americans, we examine how they were depicted in early American literature and history, leading up to “Indian removal” to the West, Custer’s Last Stand, and Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show. We then study the rise of the Western itself as a story of national origins, psychology, policy, and destiny focused in the figure of the cowboy. We trace some competing versions of “Cowboy and Indian” stories told since then as America changes and develops, through fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and film by many famous writers and moviemakers including contemporary Native American writers. The goal is to understand why the “Cowboy and Indian” trope is one of the most powerful and widely known stories in the world. Smout.
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ENGL 361 - Native American Literatures
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. A study of American Indian literature, primarily from the 20th century but including some historical and prehistorical foundations (oral storytelling, early orations and essays). Texts and topics may vary, but this course poses questions about nation, identity, indigenous sovereignty, mythology and history, and the powers of story as both resistance and regeneration. Readings in poetry, fiction, memoir, and nonfiction prose. Authors may include Alexie, Harjo, Hogan, Erdrich, Silko, Chrystos, Ortiz, LeAnne Howe and Paula Gunn Allen. Miranda.
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ENGL 362 - American Romanticism
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. A study of American themes and texts from the middle decades of the 19th century. Readings in poetry, fiction, and nonfiction prose. Representative figures could include Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller, Whitman, Dickinson, Poe, Hawthorne, and Melville. Warren.
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ENGL 363 - American Poetry from 1900 to 1945
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. A consideration of American poetry from the first half of the 20th century, including modernism, the Harlem Renaissance, and popular poetry. Students will investigate the interplay of tradition and experiment in a period defined by expatriatism, female suffrage, and the growing power of urban culture. Wheeler.
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ENGL 364 - American Poetry at Mid-Century
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. Readings from the middle generation of 20th century U.S. poets with attention to the Beats, the New York School, Black Arts, and many other movements. Writers may include Elizabeth Bishop, Gwendolyn Brooks, Allen Ginsberg, Sylvia Plath, Robert Hayden, and others. Wheeler.
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ENGL 365 - Studies in Contemporary Poetry
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. Focused study of poetry in English from 1980 to the present. Topics vary but can include the role of place in contemporary writing or 21st-century poetry and performance. Depending on interest and department needs, readings may involve mainly U.S. authors or English-language poetry from other regions such as Ireland or the Pacific.
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ENGL 366 - African-American Literature
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. A focused engagement with the African-American literary tradition, from its beginnings in the late 18th century through its powerful assertions in the 21st. The focus of each term’s offering may vary; different versions of the course might emphasize a genre, author, or period such as poetry, Ralph Ellison, or the Harlem Renaissance. Staff.
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ENGL 367 - 19th-Century American Novel
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. A reading of major American novelists, focusing especially on Poe, Melville, and Hawthorne. We also consider the relationship between the novel and punishment, especially in the works of Harriet Beecher Stowe, George Lippard, and William Wells Brown. Additionally, we read fictions during the second half of the century by Twain, Chopin, and Chesnutt. Staff.
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ENGL 368 - The Modern American Novel
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. A careful examination of the great achievements in the American novel in the early 20th century. We focus particularly on the work of Fitzgerald, Faulkner, Hemingway, and Wharton. Key texts include Winesburg, Ohio, The Age of Innocence, The Great Gatsby, The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, The Sound and the Fury, and Go Down, Moses. Assignments include a long research essay on one of the novels of the course. Conner.
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ENGL 369 - Late 20th-Century North American Fiction
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. An exploration of fiction since World War II. Authors may include Wright, O’Connor, Highsmith, Nabokov, Capote, Pynchon, Silko, Atwood, and Morrison. Gavaler.
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ENGL 370 - Contemporary North American Fiction
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. A study of 21st-century novels and short stories by North American authors. The course examines the recent movement of literary fiction into traditional pulp genres. Authors may include: Chabon, Atwood, Allende, Alexie, Butler, McCarthy, Diaz, Whitehead, Link, Fowler, and Grossman. Gavaler.
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ENGL 373 - Hitchcock
FDR: HL
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. An intensive survey of the films of Alfred Hitchcock: this course covers all of his major and many of his less well-known films. It supplements that central work by introducing students to several approaches to film analysis that are particularly appropriate for studying Hitchcock. These include biographical, auteur, and genre-based interpretation, psychological analyses, and dominant form theory through the study of novel-to-film adaptations. Adams.
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ENGL 374 - King and Kubrick
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. This course explores and juxtaposes the novels, films, epic ambitions, dark visions, and cultural rivalry of two of the most popular, influential, and original narrative artists of 20th- and 21st-century America. We survey all of Kubrick’s 13 feature films, more closely engage with several of the most important, and highlight a small but representative selection of King’s vast oeuvre, emphasizing King’s literary and cultural ambitions more than his practice as a master of horror. At the center stand King’s and Kubrick’s versions of The Shining and the angry reaction of King to Kubrick’s cold, dark, even post-human adaptation of the far more ethical and humane novel. This rivalry and argument becomes the lens through which this course takes up the larger debate over the modernist and postmodernist cultural ranking of works and authors into categories such ”masscult” and “midcult” or “highbrow,” “middlebrow,” and “lowbrow.” Adams.
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ENGL 375 - Literary Theory
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. A survey of major schools of literary theory including New Criticism, Formalism, Structuralism, Post-structuralism, Marxism, Psychoanalysis, Cultural Studies, New Historicism, Postcolonial and Native Studies, Feminisms, Queer Studies, Ecocriticism, and New Media. In addition to close reading, we examine alternative methods such as surface reading, flat reading, paranoid reading, and reparative reading. The final paper is tailored to individual student’s interests. According to student interests, we also discuss preparations for graduate programs and explore the genres of thesis and grant proposals. Kao.
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ENGL 382 - Hotel Orient
FDR: HL
Credits: 3 credits in fall or winter, 4 in spring
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. This seminar charts the historical encounters between East and West through the very spaces that facilitate cross-cultural transactions from the medieval to the postmodern. If modern hotel consciousness is marked by transience, ennui, eroticism, and isolation, we ask whether or not the same characteristics held true in premodern hotel practices, and if the space of the Orient makes a difference in hotel writing. Semantically, “Orient” means not only the geographic east. As a verb, to orient means to position and ascertain one’s bearings. In this sense, to write about lodging in the East is to sort out one’s cultural and geopolitical orientation. Kao.
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ENGL 384 - Ireland in Literature, History, and Film
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. This seminar seeks to immerse the student in the history and culture of Ireland through a range of media and methods. The primary focus of the course is on modern Irish literature–the seminal writings of the early 20th century, the so-called “Irish Renaissance”–but its secondary focus is on the world from which those writings emerged, and the world that followed upon those writings and was changed utterly by them. Through literary readings (both primary and secondary), texts of cultural history, memoir, and folklore, and through film (an increasingly potent form of expression in Ireland), we seek to understand the major movements in Ireland that led to its great cultural achievements in the 20th century, as well as the near-century that has followed the Renaissance and that still structures Ireland to this day. The seminar is also the prerequisite ENGL 388: Spring Term in Ireland taught in the following term, serving as orientation and preparation for that program and enabling students to be well-prepared when they arrive in Ireland. Conner
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ENGL 385 - Preparatory Reading for Study Abroad
Credits: 1
Pass/Fail only. Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Seminar in reading preliminary to study abroad. Staff.
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ENGL 386 - Supervised Study in Great Britain
FDR: HL
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: MRST 286 and take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. Instructor consent required. An advanced seminar in British literature carried on in Great Britain, with emphasis on independent research and intensive exposure to British culture. Changing topics, rotated yearly from instructor to instructor, and limited in scope to permit study in depth.
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ENGL 387 - Visions and Beliefs of the West of Ireland
(REL 387) FDR: HU
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: INTR 301. Experiential Learning. This course immerses the student in the literature, religious traditions, history, and culture of Ireland. The primary focus of the course is on Irish literary expressions and religious beliefs and traditions, from the pre-historic period to the modem day, with a particular emphasis on the modem (early 20th-century) Irish world. Readings are coordinated with site visits, which range from prehistoric and Celtic sites to early and medieval Christian sites to modem Irish life. Major topics and authors include Yeats and Mysticism, St. Brendan’s Pilgrimage, Folklore and Myth, Lady Gregory and Visions, Religion in Irish Art, the Blasket Island storytellers, the Mystic Island, and others. Brown, Conner.
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ENGL 391 - Topics in Creative Writing
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Three credits in 200-level English and instructor consent. Previous workshop experience recommended. Students who have successfully completed ENGL 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, or 207 should inform the department’s administrative assistant, who will grant them permission to enroll; otherwise a writing sample will be required. An advance workshop in creative writing. Genres and topics will vary, but all versions involve intensive reading and writing. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
Spring 2020, ENGL 391: Topics in Creative Writing: Advanced Poetry Workshop: The Poetics and Politics of Food (3). Prerequisite: One creative writing course completed at W&L, chosen from ENGL 201, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 210, 215, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309, or instructor consent. An advanced workshop in creative writing. Miranda. Staff.
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ENGL 392 - Topics in Literature in English before 1700
FDR: HL
Credits: 3 in fall or winter, 4 in spring
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. Enrollment limited. A seminar course on literature written in English before 1700 with special emphasis on research and discussion. Student suggestions for topics are welcome. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
Spring 2020, ENGL 392-01: Topics in Literature in English before 1700: Romeo and Juliet and its Aftermath (3). A study of Shakespeare’s play and the myriad responses to it in both theatrical and other media. Profs. Holly Pickett and Jemma Levy.
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ENGL 393 - Topics in Literature in English from 1700-1900
Credits: 3 in fall or winter, 4 in spring
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. Enrollment limited. A seminar course on literature written in English from 1700 to 1900 with special emphasis on research and discussion. Student suggestions for topics are welcome. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
Winter 2020, ENGL 393A-01: Topics in Literature in English from 1700-1900: Early African-American Print (3). An examination of the early decades of African-American print culture as a way to explore the larger development of print in the early American republic and through the 19th century. We pay particular attention to the collective development of Black print personas and public discourse as well as to the early African-American novel. We also consider the ways in which print—black type on white pages—served as a metaphor for (re)producing racialization. Possible writers and texts include Phillis Wheatley, Olaudah Equiano, Frederick Douglass’ Paper, James McCune Smith, the “Afric-American Picture Gallery”, William Wells Brown, and The Garies and Their Friends. There are opportunities for archival research, either through Special Collections or digital databases. (HL) Millan.
Fall 2019, ENGL 393A-01: Topics in Literature in English from 1700-1900: The Global 19th Century (3). This course analyzes the various (inter)national, political, historical, cultural, and ultimately literary impacts of the increasingly interconnected world of the 19th century. Because covering a century in any single location is already a tall order, the course introduces students to thematic connections and ways of reading to inform discussion and research. Using what critic Lisa Lowe calls “the intimacies of four continents” as a foundation, students juxtapose the emergence of European liberalism with ongoing settler colonialism in the Americas, forced Indigenous removal, the enslavement of African people, and trade in Asia. Potential authors and topics include: Equiano, Irving, Apess, Douglass, the Haitian Revolution, racial classification/taxonomy, trade/economy, Latin American wars for independence, The Slavery Abolition Act of 1833, the Spanish-American War, fashion, Chinese indentured labor, Indigenous resistance, modernization, and immigration. (HL) Millan.
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ENGL 394 - Topics in Literature in English since 1900
Credits: 3 in fall or winter, 4 in spring
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. Enrollment limited. A seminar course on literature written in English since 1900 with special emphasis on research and discussion. Student suggestions for topics are welcome. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
Winter 2020, ENGL 394A-01: Topics in Literature in English since 1900: American Outdoor Adventure Stories (3). Here in the New World, where Europeans arrived already excited about untouched wilderness waiting to be explored (and willfully blind to the native peoples living here), stories about travel and adventure were popular from the start. This class studies selected stories historically, seeing how the careers of writers like Henry David Thoreau, Mark Twain, and Herman Melville began with travel writings, and how adventure stories since then have developed, contributing to an explosion in extreme sports and outdoor recreation. Other authors may include John Muir, Jack London, Ernest Hemingway, Cormac McCarthy, Hampton Sides, Jon Krakauer, and Cheryl Strayed. We also study contemporary movies like Free Solo and corporations like Patagonia. How do these outdoor adventure stories impact our lives and culture now? (HL) Smout.
Winter 2020, ENGL 394B-01: Topics in Literature in English since 1900: She Had Some Horses: Native American Women’s Literatures 1900-2019 (3). A seminar course with special emphasis on research and discussion. Elizabeth Cook Lynn, Crow Creek Sioux, says that “Art and literature and storytelling are at the epicenter of all that an individual or a nation intends to be. …a nation which does not tell its own stories cannot be said to be a nation at all.” How do Native women writers counter the misrepresentations of Native Americans in familiar narratives like Pocahontas, Sacajawea, or the Land O’ Lakes Maiden? This course examines novels, short stories, and poetry by contemporary Native American women authors, addressing racial and gender oppression, reservation and urban life, acculturation, political and social emergence as well as the leadership role of Native American women. Writers may include Erdrich, Silko, Hogan, Tapahonso, Long Soldier, Chrystos, Brant, and Harjo. (HL) Miranda.
Spring 2020, ENGL 394-01: Advanced Seminar in English after 1900: Celluloid Shakespeare (3). The films adapted from or inspired by William Shakespeare’s plays are a genre unto themselves. We study a selection of films, not focused on their faithfulness to the original playscript but on the creative choices and meanings of the distinct medium of film. We see how the modern era has transmuted the plays through the lens of contemporary sensibility, politics, and culture—and through the new visual mode of film storytelling. We hear reports from students about additional films to expand the repertoire of films we study and enjoy. (HL) Dobin.
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ENGL 395 - Topics in Literature in English in Counter Traditions
Credits: 3-4
Prerequisite: Take one English course between 201 and 295, and one between 222 and 299. Enrollment limited. A seminar course on literature written in English in an area of “counter traditions” with special emphasis on research and discussion. Student suggestions for topics are welcome. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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ENGL 401 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: Instructor consent. (One-time offering in Spring 2020 due to changes resulting from COVID-19) Directed study individually arranged and supervised. Miranda, Harrington.
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ENGL 413 - Senior Research and Writing
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: Six credits in English at the 300 level, senior major standing, and instructor consent. Enrollment limited to six. A collaborative group research and writing project for senior majors, conducted in supervising faculty members’ areas of expertise, with directed independent study culminating in a substantial final project. Possible topics include ecocriticism, literature and psychology, material conditions of authorship, and documentary poetics.
Winter 2020, ENGL 413A: Senior Research and Writing: Spatializing the Text (3). Text takes up space, as a physical object or a virtual entity. Crucially, text creates and interrogates psychic, bodily, and social spaces: rooms, households, neighborhoods, cities, and nations. Space is key to the construction of subjectivity, for without it, the embodied subject cannot exist. As Liz Bondi and Joyce Davidson suggest, “to be is to be somewhere.” And beyond the human, nonhuman nature and the cosmos are equally important in textual figurations of space. This seminar investigates the entanglements of textuality and spatiality, from utopia to dystopia, desire to discipline, and containment to liberation. We look at selections from Henri Lefebvre’s The Production of Space, Gaston Bachelard’s The Poetics of Space, Michel Foucault’s “Heterotopia”, Christian Jacob’s The Sovereign Map, Yi-Fu Tuan’s Space and Place, Doreen Massey’s For Space, and Gloria Anzaldúa’s Borderlands. Students compile a portfolio of reading responses in the first half of the seminar as preparation for their individual guided research project. (HL) Kao.
Winter 2020, ENGL 413B: Senior Research and Writing: Documentary Poetics (3). How do 20th- and 21st-century poets bear witness to social change? Students in this capstone read works by Muriel Rukeyser, Carolyn Forché, Kevin Young, and others, considering the uses of poetry and the politics of documentation. What sources do documentary poets draw on, and how do they handle the ethics of representation and citation? In response to the readings, students write critically and creatively, eventually pursuing research-based poetry projects on topics of their choosing. (HL) Wheeler.
Fall 2019, ENGL 413-01: Senior Research and Writing: For the Record: Sound Studies and Interpreting Literature (3). Despite rich examinations of poetry, oral traditions, drama, and film, Literary Studies still tends to construe its central object of concern—the text—as a static artifact (the book, the poem, the publication, the words on the page). Yet, creative imaginings of sound’s resonant capacities are often central to a text’s potential meanings. This capstone centers scholarship in the interdisciplinary field of “sound studies” as its foundation for reading literature through its more aural dimensions. During the first weeks of term, we pair excerpts from works such as Jacques Attali’s Noise and R. Murray Schafer’s The Soundscape with more recent approaches to the study of sound in relation to racialization, technology, class, and gender. In addition, we read shorter texts to practice these newly-tuned interpretation skills. Students apply this foundation to their literary field of interest and produce a capstone project. To aid in this, time is devoted to the writing process, peer-review, and other skills needed to produce a larger project. (HL) Millan.
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ENGL 453 - Internship in Literary Editing with Shenandoah
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: At least one course in creative writing, sophomore standing and instructor consent. Interested students should email Professor Staples (bstaples@wlu.edu) with information about their previous coursework and interests in editing, publishing, and contemporary literature. An apprenticeship in editing with the editor of Shenandoah, Washington and Lee’s literary magazine. Students are instructed in and assist in these facets of the editor’s work: evaluation of manuscripts of fiction, creative nonfiction, poetry, comics, and translations; substantive editing of manuscripts, copyediting; communicating with writers; social media; website maintenance; the design of promotional material. May be applied once to the English major or Creative Writing minor and repeated for a maximum of six additional elective credits, as long as the specific projects undertaken are different. Staples.
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ENGL 493 - Honors Thesis
Credits: 3-3
Prerequisite: Senior major standing and honors candidacy. Instructor consent. A summary of prerequisites and requirements may be obtained at the English Department website (english.wlu.edu).
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Environmental Studies |
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ENV 110 - Introduction to Environmental Studies
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: First-year or sophomore standing or instructor consent. An interdisciplinary introduction to environmental studies with an emphasis on how societies organize themselves through their social, political and economic institutions to respond to environmental problems. The course begins with a discussion of the development of environmental thought, focusing on the relationship between humans and the environment. Participants then discuss alternative criteria for environmental decision making, including sustainability, equity, ecological integrity, economic efficiency, and environmental justice. The course concludes with an examination of contemporary environmental issues, including global warming, invasive species, energy and the environment, tropical deforestation, and the relationship between the environment and economic development in developing countries. Kahn.
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ENV 111 - Environmental Service Learning
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 1
Prerequisites: ENV 110 and instructor consent. Practical application of student knowledge of environmental issues based on supervised volunteer work in the greater Rockbridge community. Students will participate in a service-learning environment. Topics will include environmental education, campus sustainability, conservation and sustainable agriculture in the surrounding region. The course culminates with a paper integrating students’ knowledge with practical application throughout the term. Staff.
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ENV 120 - Environmental Systems, W&L Campus, and LEED
Credits: 1
How does our campus’ built environment interleave with larger systems issues such as climate change, environmental degradation, and sustainability? This course examines these larger systems issues in our local context. Campus grounds and specific buildings are explored for environmental and social impacts with mitigation options considered. Students become conversant in the U.S. Green Building Council Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating systems, and investigate how W&L could minimize adverse impact on the environment and maximize credits within a LEED Campus master site framework. This course provides a large systems context for the LEED lab Spring Term course (ENV 220) but is not a prerequisite. Trimmer.
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ENV 180 - FS: First-Year Seminar
Credits: 3
First-Year Seminar. Prerequisite: First-year class standing only. Limited to 15 students, these seminars are reading- and discussion-based with an emphasis on papers, projects, studio work, or hands-on field experience rather than exams. First-Year Seminar. Prerequisite: First-year class standing only.
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ENV 201 - Environmental Science
FDR: SC
Credits: 3
Prerequisite or corequisite: ENV 110. Restricted to ENV majors or minors, or others by instructor consent. A foundation in the natural sciences for environmental studies students, this course introduces foundational concepts in earth ecological sciences and their application in understanding human-environment relationships. Local, regional, and global environmental case studies are considered. Hamilton.
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ENV 202 - Society and Natural Resources
FDR: SS1
Credits: 3
Prerequisite or co-requisite: ENV 110 and declared major or minor in environmental studies A foundation in the natural sciences for environmental studies students, this course emphasizes understanding how socio-economic conditions are studied to inform and shape environmental policy. Local, regional, and global environmental case studies are considered. Kahn.
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ENV 203 - Environmental Humanities
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
Prerequisite or co-requisite: ENV 110 and declared major or minor in environmental studies. An introduction to the examination of human-environment relationships arising from the humanities, this course draws broadly upon the fields of philosophy, history, cultural anthropology, eco-criticism, art and art history, and the emerging interdisciplinary field of environmental humanities. Students receive a broad introduction to humanist perspectives on environmental challenges and solutions and preparation for examining specific fields in greater depth later in their studies. Staff.
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ENV 207 - Nature and Place
(REL 207) FDR: HU
Credits: 3
This course explores a variety of ideas about and experiences of nature and place Through a consideration of work drawn from diverse disciplines including philosophy, religious studies, literature, art, and anthropology. Questions to be Considered may include: what is the nature of place in our societies, and is there a place for nature in our cultures? How have human beings made places for themselves to dwell in or out of nature? What might make a place a sacred place? Are there any sacred places? Kosky.
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ENV 220 - Campus Sustainability Consulting and LEED Expertise
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 3
ENV 120 provides a large systems context for this course (ENV 220) but is not a prerequisite. Using the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating systems and working alongside sustainability consultants, students investigate the W&L campus grounds and facilities and develop detailed action plans for the university, in order to meet sustainability and climate goals and maximize credits toward a LEED Campus designation. The consulting teams present their findings to decision makers in order to assist W&L in achieving LEED Silver Certification or better for all new construction and major renovations. Trimmer, Harbor, Junkunc.
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ENV 250 - Ecology of Place
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Think globally, study locally. This course explores globally significant environmental issues such as biodiversity conservation, sustainable delivery of ecosystem goods and services, and environmental justice, as they are manifested on a local/regional scale. We examine interactions among ethical, ecological, and economic concerns that shape these issues. Students are fully engaged in the development of policy recommendations that could guide relevant decision makers. The course incorporates readings, field trips, films, and discussions with invited experts. Cooper, Hurd.
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ENV 288 - Key Thinkers on the Environment
(HIST 288) FDR: HU
Credits: 3
“Key thinkers on the environment” are central to this course, ranging from ancient greats such as Aristotle to modern writers such as David Suzuki and E.O. Wilson about the ecosystem crises of the Anthropocene. We highlight certain 19th-century icons of environmentalist awareness and nature preservation, such as Alexander von Humboldt in Europe and Humboldtians in America, including Frederic Edwin Church and Henry David Thoreau. Rupke.
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ENV 295 - Special Topics in Environmental Studies
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: ENV 110 or BIOL 111. This courses examines special topics in environmental studies, such as ecotourism, the environment and development, local environmental issues, values and the environment, global fisheries, global climate change, tropical deforestation and similar topics of importance, which could change from year to year. This is a research-intensive course where the student would be expected to write a significant paper, either individually or as part of a group, of sufficient quality to be made useful to the scholarly and policy communities. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
Winter 2020, ENV 295A-01: Special Topics in Environmental Studies: Water Policy and Politics (3). Current dynamics of conflict over water resources, and their influence on local and international policy, politics, and economics. We discuss the legality of water rights trade, conflicts of agriculture and conservation, water pollution, and the Super-PAC solution. Students investigate the ecology of susceptibility of freshwater systems to biological invasions. And we study the way the global community tackles the refugee problem stemming from diminishing fresh water in the developing world. Students follow three major international case studies to guide our investigation of water resources: (1) water rights on the Colorado, (2) industry and pollution in the Great Lakes, and (3) desertification and refugees in Sub-Saharan Africa. Bleicher.
Fall 2019, ENV 295A-01: Special Topics in Environmental Studies:Food, Drink, and the Holocene (3). Prerequisites: ENV 110, BIOL 111, or instructor consent. How can the lessons of the last 12,000 years of human history help us make our food systems more sustainable today? This course investigates the ways people eat and drink in the Holocene (approximately 10,000 BC to now) to understand how human-environment interactions have changed through time. Using approaches drawn from archaeology and history, students examine the foodways of past societies –like the Maya, Vikings, Aztecs, early Virginians, and more – and learn the complex stories of how and why some food systems work and why others collapse. Fisher.
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ENV 365 - Advanced Topics in Environmental Ethics
(PHIL 365) FDR: HU
Credits: 3
This course examines selected topics in environmental ethics. Topics may vary from year to year, and include the proper meanings and goals of environmentalism; the goals and methods of conservation biology; major environmental issues in current political debates; and balancing the ethical concerns of environmental justice and our responsibilities to future generations. Cooper.
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ENV 390 - Special Topics: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Environmental Issues
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: ENV 110 and 9 credits at the 200 level or above in the environmental studies major. This course examines causes of, consequences of, and solutions to contemporary environmental problems. Though topics vary from term to term, the course has a specific focus on the integration of environmental science, policy, and thought so students understand better the cause and effect relationships that shape the interaction between human and environmental systems. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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ENV 396 - Pre-Capstone Research Seminar
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: Declaration of a major or minor in environmental studies. In this seminar, students develop a proposal for the research that they will conduct in the subsequent Winter-term class, ENV 397. Both quantitative and qualitative research projects are encouraged and all research projects must have an interdisciplinary component. Students develop their research questions, prepare progress reports, annotated bibliographies, discussions of data, methods, and the significance of their proposed research. The final product is a complete research proposal which serves as a blueprint for the capstone research project. Students are also responsible for reviewing the work of classmates. Staff.
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ENV 397 - Senior Seminar in Environmental Studies
Experiential Learning (EXP): YES
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: ENV 110 and completion of any two of the three remaining areas for the Program in Environmental Studies, and instructor consent. ENV 396 is strongly encouraged as preparation. An interdisciplinary capstone course intended for students in the environmental studies program. Students analyze a particular environmental issue and attempt to integrate scientific inquiry, political and economic analysis and ethical implications. The particular issue changes each year. Staff.
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ENV 401 - Directed Individual Studies
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: ENV-110 and instructor consent. Students undertake significant original research or creative activity in the area of environmental studies, under the direction of a faculty member. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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ENV 402 - Directed Individual Studies
Credits: 2
Prerequisite: ENV-110 and instructor consent. Students undertake significant original research or creative activity in the area of environmental studies, under the direction of a faculty member. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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ENV 403 - Directed Individual Studies
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: ENV-110 and instructor consent. Students undertake significant original research or creative activity in the area of environmental studies, under the direction of a faculty member. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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ENV 493 - Honors Thesis in Environmental Studies
Credits: 3-3
Prerequisite: Senior standing, honors candidacy, and consent of the environmental studies faculty. Honors Thesis. Staff.
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Film Studies |
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FILM 109 - Film Performance Laboratory
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Participate as a writer, actor, cinematographer or technician in a faculty supervised film production. May be repeated for degree credit for a total of 3 credits. Spice
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FILM 121 - Script Analysis for Stage and Screen
(THTR 121) FDR: HL
Credits: 3
The study of selected plays and screenplays from the standpoint of the theatre and screen artists. Emphasis on thorough examination of the scripts preparatory to production. This course is focused on developing script analysis skills directly applicable to work in production. Students work collaboratively in various creative capacities to transform texts into productions. Sandberg, Levy, Collins, Evans.
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FILM 195 - Topics in Film Studies
FDR: HA
Credits: 3 credits in Fall or Winter; 4 credits in Spring
Prerequisite: Completion of FW FDR requirement, and other prerequisites may vary with topic. Selected topic in film studies, focused on one or more of film history, theory, production, or screenwriting. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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FILM 196 - Topics in Film and Literature
FDR: HL
Credits: 3 credits in Fall or Winter; 4 credits in Spring
Prerequisite: Completion of FW FDR requirement, and other prerequisites may vary with topic. Selected topics in film and literature. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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FILM 220 - Screenwriting
FDR: HA
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: Completion of the FDR writing requirement (FW). Additional course fee required, for which the student is responsible after Friday of the 7th week of winter term. In this course, students learn about the art and business of screenwriting, studying story and narrative structures, and what makes a story interesting to us. We begin by looking at the human need for story and how we can both access and feed this basic principle of human existence. In addition, you learn how to write your own stories into a screenplay. With creative discipline, you practice writing believable characters and scenes that will draw audiences in through the art of crafting great dialogue. You begin with the spark of your idea at the beginning of the term, turn it into a treatment, and eventually a full screenplay that you then have an opportunity to pitch to a producer for feedback. From your first draft, you learn the art of refining your screenplay, focusing on how to give it great tonality and form, building your skills as a writer, a creative thinker, and following through a whole artistic process. Sandberg.
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FILM 233 - Introduction to Film
(ENGL 233) FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Completion of FW FDR requirement. An introductory study of film taught in English and with a topical focus on texts from a variety of global film-making traditions. At its origins, film displayed boundary-crossing international ambitions, and this course attends to that important fact, but the course’s individual variations emphasize one national film tradition (e.g., American, French, Indian, British, Italian, Chinese, etc.) and, within it, may focus on major representative texts or upon a subgenre or thematic approach. In all cases, the course introduces students to fundamental issues in the history, theory, and basic terminology of film. Staff.
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FILM 236 - Science Fiction & Fantasy: From Page to Screen and Beyond
FDR: HL
Credits: 4
Film, almost from origins, has been fascinated by the evocation of fantasy worlds and by the effort to imagine and represent future worlds filled with technological marvels.(Film is, of course, a medium obsessed by its own technological improvements from sound and color to 30 and virtual reality.) From such major directors as Lang and Kubrick to Lucas and Spielberg, science fiction has attracted some of the finest and most innovative directors. In this course, we study major examples of this phenomenon along with the technological history and philosophical speculations contributing to it. Adams.
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FILM 237S - Field Documentary
FDR: HA
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Experiential Learning. Taught by W&L faculty at the University of Cape Coast as part of the W&L in Ghana program. This course teaches students how to research, conceptualize and develop a non-fiction story idea into a film. Students receive instruction on effective research strategies, idea development, production planning, and proposal writing and pitching. They learn the theoretical, aesthetic, and technical principles of non-linear editing for documentary. Principally, students are taught how to: digitize and organize source material, create basic effects and titles, develop sequences, and organize and edit their raw materials into a polished final product. In addition to making films, we screen various documentaries, analyze the techniques, and put them to use in our own creation and editing. Sandberg.
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FILM 238 - Documentary Filmmaking
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Skills for creating effective documentary films. The topic varies for each term’s documentary. Students work collaboratively to create the documentary from the seed idea through to the finished product, using readings, screenings, analysis, discussion, equipment orientation, field production, and editing. Students deepen their production and communication skills through creating a professional-quality documentary film. Sandberg.
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FILM 250 - Preparing for Ethnographic Study of Modern Day Slavery in Ghana
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: Instructor consent. A course preparatory to FILM 251. Students in this course learn about Ghanaian culture and history, along with modern-day slavery practices and prevention, including organizations working with the spring-term course. Students learn the essentials of interviewing and shooting short documentary so that each student is fully prepared for the experience. Students complete short readings and assignments each week. Sandberg.
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FILM 251 - Ethnographic Study of Modern-Day Slavery in Ghana: Creating Short Documentary Film
FDR: HA
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Spring Term Abroad. An examination of culture and social-justice issues in Ghana, particularly focusing on issues of modern- day slavery. Together, we study Ghanaian culture, visiting cultural sites and learning about how the country is faring with modern-day slavery. We collect true stories through ethnographic study, interviewing and filming to create short documentaries for presentation on campus at the end of the spring term. We examine the development of modern-day slavery in Ghana, visiting organizations and government programs that are working on the issue as well as listening to the stories of those who have been rescued from slavery. Sandberg.
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FILM 252S - Peoples and Culture of Ghana
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Experiential Learning. Taught by W&L faculty at the University of Cape Coast as part of the W&L in Ghana program. An immersion in Ghanaian culture through field trips, field documentary, and field visits to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and development organizations. We visit eight different regions of Ghana on weekend field trips plus one longer week-long excursion to the Ghanaian North. Students are divided into teams that create travel documentaries, each taking on different roles with camera, sound, and logistics. Students also work on creating policy proposals for one of the NGOs or development organizations of their choice. The short travel documentaries and policy proposals are presented in the final month of the term. Blunch and Sandberg.
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FILM 255 - Seven-Minute Shakespeare
FDR: HA
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: Completion of the FDR FW and HL requirements. After intensive collective reading and discussion of three Shakespeare plays in the first week, students organize into four-person groups with the goal of producing a seven-minute video version of one of the plays by the end of the term, using only the actual text of the play. The project requires full engagement and commitment, and includes tasks such as editing and selecting from the text to produce the film script, creating storyboards, casting and recruiting actors, rehearsing, filming, editing, adding sound tracks and effects. We critique and learn from each other’s efforts. Dobin.
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FILM 285 - Music in the Films of Stanley Kubrick
(MUS 285) FDR: HA
Credits: 4
How does music add power and meaning to a film? What are the connections between the flow of music and the flow of a dramatic narrative? How does music enhance visual images? The course will focus on the pre-existent classical compositions chosen by Stanley Kubrick for his movies 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), A Clockwork Orange (1971), Barry Lyndon (1975), and The Shining (1980). The ability to read music is not a requirement for this course. Gaylard.
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FILM 413 - Research and Writing Film Capstone
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: FILM 233 or ENGL 233 and at least nine additional credits for the minor. A collaborative group research, writing, and/or production project for junior or senior minors, conducted in supervising faculty members’ areas of expertise, with directed independent study culminating in a substantial final project. Possible topics include global and national film, focused treatments of auteur-directors or genres, film and psychology, film and technological change, film and painting, original film production.
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First-Year Experience |
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FYE 100 - General Success: Living and Learning at W&L
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: First-year class standing. Assisting new students with their transition to Washington and Lee University, this course aims to foster a sense of belonging, promote engagement in the curricular and co-curricular life of the university, articulate to students the expectations of the University and its faculty, help students develop and apply critical thinking skills, and guide students as they clarify their purpose, meaning, and direction in college. In twelve one-hour sessions, students engage in the development of skills and traits such as active listening, empathy, integrity, bystander intervention, confrontation with compassion, and conflict mediation. Moreover, students improve their ability to inspire and teach success in a global and diverse society. Faculty, Student Affairs Staff.
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FYE 451 - General Success: Upper-Division Facilitation
Experiential Learning (EXP): Yes
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Upper-division students are specially selected to collaborate with the FYE 100 faculty or staff instructor to co-facilitate one section of FYE 100 for up to 16 first-year students during fall term. These student mentors are chosen based on their ability to facilitate sensitive conversations as well as on their understanding of and ability to teach inclusivity. Facilitators communicate regularly with the FYE 100 coordinator–the Dean for First-Year Experience–and their co-facilitator as they administer 12 weekly, one-hour sessions, including presenting original material in class derived from personal experience discussing various topics of practical and academic significance. Staff.
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French |
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FREN 111 - Elementary French I
Credits: 4
Emphasis on listening comprehension and speaking, with gradual introduction of reading and writing. Staff.
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FREN 112 - Elementary French II
Credits: 4
Prerequisite: FREN 111. Emphasis on listening comprehension and speaking, with gradual introduction of reading and writing. Staff.
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FREN 161 - Intermediate French I
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: FREN 112 or the equivalent in language skills. Extensive grammar review with acquisition of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in the classroom. The course acquaints students with French life and culture. Staff.
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FREN 162 - Intermediate French II
FDR: FL
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: FREN 161 or the equivalent in language skills and departmental permission. Extensive grammar review with practical application of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in the classroom. The course acquaints students with French life and culture. Staff.
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FREN 164 - Advanced Intermediate French
FDR: FL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Departmental permission as a result of placement examination for entering students. Students with credit in FREN 164 may not receive subsequent credit in a lower numbered French course. Students with credit in a lower numbered French course are, in general, ineligible for credit in FREN 164. Students may not receive degree credit for both FREN 162 and 164. Emphasis on reading and composition skills, with extensive practice in speaking and listening through class discussion. Some grammar review. Staff.
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FREN 261 - Conversation et composition: Cours avancé
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. Further development of conversational skills and beginning work in free composition, with systematic grammar review and word study in various relevant cultural contexts. Staff.
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FREN 272 - Humour et Comedie: Explorations, Jeux, Spectacles
FDR: HL
Credits: 4
Prerequisites: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. An exploration of modern French comedy and humor in theatrical works by modern and contemporary playwrights. The course culminates with a performance of student-acted and student-produced comic scenes and one act plays. Radulescu.
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FREN 273 - Introduction à l’analyse littéraire
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: FREN 162, FREN 164 or equivalent. An introduction to French literature and literary analysis based on a study of selected prose, poetry, and theater. Focus on textual analysis in composition and oral presentations. Staff.
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FREN 280 - Civilisation et culture francophones
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. A study of significant aspects of culture and civilization in francophone countries. Topics may include: contemporary Africa, pre-colonial Africa, West Indian history and culture, and Canadian contemporary issues. Readings, discussion and papers in French further development of communication skills. For Winter 2020: Civilisation et Cultures d’Afrique et des Antilles Francophones.
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FREN 281 - Civilisation et culture françaises: Traditions et changements
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. A study of significant aspects of French culture and civilization, seen in a diachronic perspective. Emphasis on economic, sociological and historical changes that shaped present-day institutions and national identity. Readings, discussions and papers in French for further development of communication skills.
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FREN 282 - Civilisation et culture françaises: La France d’aujourd’hui
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. A study of the current front-page titles in the French press (and the underlying realities) as they reflect the current economic, political, social and intellectual issues that define contemporary French life. Readings, film viewings, discussions and papers in French for further development of communication skills.
Fall 2019, FREN 282-01: Civilisation et culture françaises: La France d’aujourd’hui (3). Prerequisites: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. A study of modern France. This course examines the economic, political, social and intellectual issues which shape contemporary French life. We spend considerable time this term discussing migration across European borders, patterns of immigration, the French concept of laïcité, and more generally the idea of a French identity. Readings, discussions, and papers in French for further development of communication skills. (HU) Lambeth.
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FREN 283 - Histoire des idées
FDR: HU
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: FREN 162, FREN 164 or equivalent. This course retraces the evolution of thought in France across centuries through the examination of intellectual, cultural and artistic movements. Readings, discussions and paper in French for further development of communication skills. For Winter 2020: L’Afrique et ses Avatars.
Staff.
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FREN 295 - Atelier avancé de langue, littérature et culture
Credits: 3 in fall and winter; 4 in spring
Prerequisites: FREN 162, FREN 164, or equivalent. A third-year topics or advanced grammar workshop. Recent offerings include: Les dossiers de la presse; Regards sur la ville. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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FREN 331 - Etudes thématiques
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Three courses at the 200 level. This course gives students a general knowledge of the evolution of French literature and ideas over the centuries through the study of one main theme. Recent offerings include: L’Exil; Regards sur la ville; Le dépaysement; Le voyage dans la literature française; L’esprit critique au XVIIIe siècle. May be repeated for degree credit if the theme is different.
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FREN 332 - Études de genre
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Three courses at the 200 level. This course gives students a general knowledge of the evolution of French literature and ideas over the centuries through the study of a single genre, its styles and techniques. Recent offerings include: L’Essai de Montaigne Camus; Ecriture feminine/Ecriture féministe? L’amour dans la poésie lyrique; Le conte et la nouvelle. May be repeated for degree credit if the genre is different.
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FREN 341 - La France de l’Ancien Régime
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Three courses in French at the 200 level. Readings in French literature and civilization from before the Revolution of 1789. May be repeated for degree credit if the topic is different.
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FREN 342 - La France moderne
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Three courses at the 200 level. Readings in French literature and civilization of the 19th and 20th centuries. Recent offerings include: La poésie moderne et contemporaine ; Théâtre de l’absurde-Théâtre de la dérision ; L’enfance et l’adolescence dans la prose française moderne. May be repeated for degree credit if the topic is different.
Fall 2019, FREN 342-01: La France moderne: Narcisse romancier (3). Prerequisite: Three 200-level French courses. This course focuses on 1st person narratives in 20th-century French novels by André Gide, Kamel Daoud, Albert Camus, Marguerite Duras, Annie Ernaux, Marie Redonnet, and Alain Robbe-Grillet. Students give oral presentations in class and write an analysis of each text. The course is conducted in French and the papers are written in French. Considerable attention is given to developing writing skills and analytical skills. (HL) Lambeth.
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FREN 343 - La France à travers les siècles
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Three courses at the 200 level. Readings in French literature and civilization from across the centuries. May be repeated for degree credit if the topic is different.
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FREN 344 - La Francophonie
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Three courses in French at the 200 level. An analysis of styles, genres, and themes in relation to particular cultural contexts, as represented in literary works written in French by authors from countries other than France. Of particular interest is French language literature from Africa, the Caribbean, and Canada. May be repeated for degree credit if the topic is different. Staff.
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FREN 397 - Séminaire avancé
FDR: HL
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Three courses in French at the 200 level. The in-depth study of a topic in French literature and/or civilization. Recent offerings include: La Littérature francophone du Maghreb; La littérature Beure; La France sous l’occupation; Les femmes et l’écriture au XVIIe siècle; Les écrivains du XXe siècle et la diversité culturelle; L’affaire Dreyfus. Students are encouraged to use this course for the development of a personal project. May be repeated for degree credit when the topics are different.
Winter 2020, FREN 397A-01: Séminaire Avancé : La Femme et L’écriture au XVIIIème Siècle (3). Prerequisites: Three courses in French at the 200 level. A seminar focused primarily on the writings of women of the French enlightenment, including representative genres and issues that galvanized women and influenced the debates of the time. We study literary as well as anthropological texts that expose the status of and discourse on women in 18th-century France and women’s own perception of their status and role in a wider socio-cultural and political context. Authors we study include Madame de La Fayette, Françoise de Graffigny, Madame de Tencin, Marie Riccoboni, and Olympe de Gouges. Supplementary texts, in the form of critical literary essays, are also on the reading list. (HL) Kamara.
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FREN 401 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 1
Prerequisites: At least nine credits of 300-level French and consent of the department head. Taught In French. Nature and content of course to be determined by students’ needs and by instructors acquainted with their earlier preparation and performance. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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FREN 402 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 2
Prerequisites: At least nine credits of 300-level French and consent of the department head. Taught In French. Nature and content of course to be determined by students’ needs and by instructors acquainted with their earlier preparation and performance. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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FREN 403 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 3
Prerequisites: At least nine credits of 300-level French and consent of the department head. Taught In French. Nature and content of course to be determined by students’ needs and by instructors acquainted with their earlier preparation and performance. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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FREN 451 - Internship Abroad
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: Instructor consent prior to travel abroad. Supervised experience in a French-speaking country in an agency, research organization, or other venue, to be followed by related academic work on campus the subsequent term. Requires at least 48 work hours over no fewer than four weeks and a research paper or an academic equivalent focused on the off-campus activities. Credit is based on the academic component of the internship experience. Both the work component and the academic component shall be in French. May be carried out during the summer. McCormick.
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FREN 452 - Internship Abroad
Credits: 2
Prerequisite: Instructor consent prior to travel abroad. Supervised experience in a French-speaking country in an agency, research organization, or other venue, to be followed by related academic work on campus the subsequent term. Requires at least 96 work hours over no fewer than four weeks and a research paper or an academic equivalent focused on the off-campus activities. Credit is based on the academic component of the internship experience. Both the work component and the academic component shall be in French. May be carried out during the summer. McCormick.
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FREN 453 - Internship Abroad
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Instructor consent prior to travel abroad. Supervised experience in a French-speaking country in an agency, research organization, or other venue, to be followed by related academic work on campus the subsequent term. Requires at least 144 work hours over no fewer than four weeks and a research paper or an academic equivalent focused on the off-campus activities. Credit is based on the academic component of the internship experience. Both the work component and the academic component shall be in French. May be carried out during the summer. McCormick.
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FREN 493 - Honors Thesis
Credits: 3-3
Prerequisite: Senior standing, honors candidacy, and instructor consent. Interested students should see a member of the French faculty by winter term of their junior year. May not count towards fulfillment of the major requirements.
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Geology |
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GEOL 100 - General Geology with Field Emphasis
FDR: SL
Credits: 4
For GEOL 100A section: First-Year Seminar. Prerequisite: First-year class standing only
For GEOL 100 sections: Preference given to first-years and sophomores. No credit for students who have completed GEOL 101. This course involves moderate hiking and other physical activities outside in all types of weather. The study of our physical environment and the processes shaping it. The materials and structure of the Earth’s crust, the origin of the landforms, the concept of geologic time, and the nature of the Earth’s interior are considered, with special emphasis on field study in the region near Lexington. Laboratory course. Lab fee required. Staff.
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GEOL 101 - General Geology
FDR: SL
Credits: 4
Preference given to first-years and sophomores. The study of our physical environment and the processes shaping it. The materials and structure of the Earth’s crust, the origin of the landforms, the concept of geologic time, and the nature of the Earth’s interior are considered. No credit for students who have completed GEOL 100. Laboratory course. Lab fee required. Staff.
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