2014-2015 University Catalog archived
Course Descriptions
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Studio Art |
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ARTS 218 - Painting II
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Winter 2015
Prerequisites: ARTS 217 and instructor consent. Continuation of ARTS 217. Lab fee required. Olson-Janjic.
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ARTS 219 - Painted Light: Interpreting the Landscape
FDR: HA
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Not offered in 2013-2014
Prerequisite: ARTS 217 or instructor consent. This course begins with the introduction of en plein air, a French expression which means “in the open air” and is used to describe the act of painting outdoors. We examine artists who have worked en plein air, past and present, study their work and methods, and then apply this knowledge to painting outdoors. Emphasis is on the way light and color define form and space. Students build on their knowledge of color theory through observation and implementation. Beginning with the concept of plein air, we quickly branch out to more interpretive and subjective uses of the landscape in painting, resulting in a cohesive body of work. Lab fee required. Olson-Janjic.
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ARTS 220 - Photography II
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Winter
Prerequisite: ARTS 120 or instructor consent. A continuation of ARTS 120, with an emphasis on black-and-white craft and creative problem solving through both film and digital processes. Course includes a combination of demonstrations, studio instruction, and group critiques, as well as image presentations, readings, and discussions related to historical and contemporary movements in the medium. Lab fee required; cameras available for checkout from department. Bowden.
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ARTS 221 - Antique Photographic Processes
FDR: HA
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring 2015 and alternate years
Not open to students with credit for courses in alternative photographic processes. Prerequisite: ARTS 120. An exploration of 19th-century photographic processes, learned through demonstration and intensive hands-on lab sessions. Processes covered on campus include cyanotype printing and toning, Van Dyke brown, kallitype, and platinum/palladium printing. Students learn how to make enlarged digital negatives for contact printing from photographs that originate in either film or digital formats. In addition to technique, students learn the historical background of each process and current trends in the medium. Bowden.
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ARTS 222 - Paris, Photography, and Documenting Place
Credits: 1
Planned Offering: Winter 2015 and alternate years
Prerequisite: ARTS 120. A preparation course for the Spring Term ARTS 223: Photography and the City of Paris. Students are introduced to the history of photography in Paris, as well as contemporary trends in the medium. We look at and compare the idealized Paris versus the Paris of real life, outside of the tourist realm, as seen through photography and film. In addition, technical material necessary for photographing in Paris is covered, including digital shooting, image management and editing, and photographic e-book creation. Bowden.
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ARTS 223 - Photography and the City
FDR: HA
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years.
Prerequisites: Prerequisite: ARTS 120. Spring Term Abroad course. Several major cities, including Paris and New York, play an important role in the medium of photography. Students are introduced to the historical context of photography and photographers of a particular city, as well as contemporary artists and exhibitions. Field trips to museums, galleries, and relevant sites play an integral role in the course. The geometry of the city provides a sharp visual contrast to the bucolic landscape of rural Virginia. Each student undertakes a substantial photographic project based upon a particular visual element or conceptual idea of the city, shooting for their project every day of the first three weeks while in the one of these cities, with regular group critiques. The last week of the course is spent printing the project and curating an exhibition of the work. Bowden.
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ARTS 224 - Color Photography
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisite: ARTS 120 or instructor consent. An introduction to the visual and technical principles of color photography, as applied in the digital realm. Students learn the concepts of color photography through applied projects, as well as image presentations, readings, and discussions of methods and artists, historical and contemporary. Students photograph in digital format, and learn the craft of fine color printing in the digital darkroom. Lab fee required, cameras available for checkout from department. Bowden.
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ARTS 226 - Introduction to the Book Arts
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Not offered in 2013-2014
A creative exploration of the tradition of the handmade book. Students learn to make several styles of binding, including accordion books, pamphlets, and Japanese bindings, developing some skill in letterpress printing, paper decorating, and simple printmaking techniques to create original handmade books. Readings, discussions, and slide lectures introduce students to the ingenious history of books and printing. Besides constructing imaginative, individual book art projects, students create one collaborative project. Lab fee required. Merrill.
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ARTS 227 - Printmaking I
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisite: ARTS 111 or instructor consent. A survey of fine art printmaking media, with emphasis on beginning techniques and the artistic potential of the print. Media include a selection of techniques from intaglio, relief, and planographic printmaking. Beavers.
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ARTS 228 - Printmaking II
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Winter
Prerequisite: ARTS 227 and instructor consent. Continuation of Printmaking I, with emphasis on one of the major media of printmaking (intaglio, relief, lithography). Students gain experience both with technique and the creative ability to solve visual problems and present compelling images in two dimensions. Beavers.
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ARTS 231 - Sculpture I
FDR: HA
Credits: 3 in winter; 4 in spring
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisite: Instructor consent. An introduction to sculpture techniques, tools and materials. Studio problems develop skills in working with wood, stone, clay, and metal. Lab fee required. Stene.
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ARTS 232 - Sculpture II
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisites: ARTS 231 and instructor consent. Studio problems concentrate on one medium, e.g., stone, wood, clay, or metal. Contemporary concerns in sculpture are explored through readings and presentations by students. Lab fee required. Stene.
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ARTS 235 - Art: Site and Situation
FDR: HA
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring
Students design, construct, and install environmentally friendly site specific art. Design work is conducted in the computer lab, construction done in the art studios, and installation is on campus or at a selected site in the Lexington area. Stene.
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ARTS 291 - Special Topics in Painting
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: ARTS 111 or 217 or instructor consent. Intermediate and advanced study in painting with emphasis on specialized media and topics. Examples of media offered include acrylic, oil, mixed media, and encaustic with subject matter ranging from the figure and landscape to non-objective imagery. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Lab fee required. Olson-Janjic.
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ARTS 292 - Special Topics in Photography
FDR: HA
Credits: 3 in fall, winter; 4 in spring
ARTS 120, 221, 223, or instructor consent. Advanced study in photography, with an emphasis on a specialized topic within the medium. Lab fee required.
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ARTS 297 - Special Topics in Studio Art
FDR: HA
Credits: 1 or 3
Planned Offering: Fall or Winter
Prerequisite: ARTS 111 or instructor consent. In various years the topics and media change, given the interest of the faculty and presence of visiting artists. May be repeated when topics are different. Lab fee required.
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ARTS 309 - Studio Seminar: Methods in Contemporary Art Practice
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Winter
Prerequisites: Studio art major and instructor consent. This course is a critique-based studio seminar designed to prepare students for the senior thesis in studio arts and built around a term-long visual arts project responding to current trends in contemporary art. This seminar introduces a theme or topic, supported by readings, films, and image presentations, as the focus of class discussions exploring and highlighting the work of relevant contemporary artists. Students develop and plan a body of work inspired by or in response to this theme. Group and individual critiques assess each student’s progress towards this goal. Lab fee required. Beavers.
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ARTS 317 - Painting III
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall or Winter
Prerequisites: ARTS 218 and instructor consent. For studio art majors. Continuation of the formal structure of painting with emphasis on developing the expression and style of the individual student. Expand awareness of contemporary concerns in art. Lab fee required. Olson-Janjic.
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ARTS 318 - Painting IV
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall or Winter
Prerequisites: ARTS 317 and instructor consent. Continuation of ARTS 317. Lab fee required. Olson-Janjic.
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ARTS 320 - Photography III
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall (not offered Fall 2014)
Prerequisite: Arts 220 or instructor consent. A project-based course, with a particular focus on large format photography, the craft of fine printing, and the process for creating a body of work. Course will include an emphasis on group critique, as well as images, readings, and discussion related to historical and contemporary movements in the medium. Lab fee required; cameras available for checkout from department. Bowden.
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ARTS 321 - Photography IV
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall (not offered Fall 2014)
Prerequisite: Arts 320 or instructor consent. Advanced studies in fine art photography and the photographic print, with an emphasis on creating a substantial term-long project. Students may work in traditional, digital, or alternative process techniques in either black-and-white or color, and larger film and print formats will be encouraged. Lab fee required; cameras available for checkout from department. Bowden.
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ARTS 327 - Printmaking III
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Not offered in 2011-2012
Prerequisites: ARTS 228 and instructor consent. Students concentrate on producing a body of work through deeper exploration of one of the printmaking techniques. More emphasis on critical evaluation in the planning and execution stage. Seminar style discussion of contemporary issues in printmaking. Beavers.
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ARTS 328 - Printmaking IV
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Not offered in 2013-2014
Prerequisites: ARTS 327 and instructor consent. Tutorial/critique course for advanced students in printmaking. Term project. Beavers.
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ARTS 329 - Special Topics in Printmaking
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Not offered in 2013-2014
Prerequisites: ARTS 227 and instructor consent. This course focuses on a problem or theme in printmaking, such as sequential or series of images, production of large-scale prints, simple alternative technique, digital processes, image with text, etc. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Beavers.
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ARTS 331 - Sculpture III
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisites: ARTS 131 and instructor consent, with ARTS 211 highly recommended. Problems are designed to develop an awareness of form relationships in the human figure and to gain an understanding of how they relate to design principles and elements. Lab fee required. Stene.
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ARTS 332 - Sculpture IV
FDR: HA
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisites: ARTS 232 and instructor consent. A continuation of ARTS 331 with emphasis on in-depth studio problems. Further readings and presentations in contemporary sculpture. Lab fee required. Stene.
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ARTS 421 - Directed Studio Projects
Credits: 1
Prerequisites for projects in sculpture: ARTS 231 and instructor consent, Stene. Prerequisites for projects in painting: ARTS 217 and instructor consent, Olson-Janjic. Prerequisites for projects in photography: ARTS 120 and instructor consent, Bowden. Prerequisites for projects in printmaking: ARTS 227 and instructor consent, Beavers. Guided studio work for the art major. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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ARTS 422 - Directed Studio Projects
Credits: 2
Prerequisites for projects in sculpture: ARTS 231 and instructor consent, Stene. Prerequisites for projects in painting: ARTS 217 and instructor consent, Olson-Janjic. Prerequisites for projects in photography: ARTS 120 and instructor consent, Bowden. Prerequisites for projects in printmaking: ARTS 227 and instructor consent, Beavers. Guided studio work for the art major. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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ARTS 423 - Directed Studio Projects
Credits: 3
Prerequisites for projects in sculpture: ARTS 231 and instructor consent, Stene. Prerequisites for projects in painting: ARTS 217 and instructor consent, Olson-Janjic. Prerequisites for projects in photography: ARTS 120 and instructor consent, Bowden. Prerequisites for projects in printmaking: ARTS 227 and instructor consent, Beavers. Guided studio work for the art major. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different. Staff.
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ARTS 453 - Internship in Studio Art
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Supervised off-campus experience in an artist’s studio approved by the Department of Art and Art History. Requires a follow-up, on-campus project, devised in advance by the instructor and student. Archer.
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ARTS 473 - Senior Thesis
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisite: ARTS 396. A studio art thesis. Creative work and a portfolio with a written statement of objectives must be presented to the department for consideration by September 30. Staff.
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ARTS 493 - Honors Thesis
Credits: 3-3
Planned Offering: Fall-Winter
Prerequisites: 3.500 cumulative grade-point average, honors candidacy and senior standing. Corequisite: ARTS 396. A studio art thesis. Application for the honors candidacy must be made by May 1 of the junior year. Creative work and a portfolio with a written statement of the objective must be presented at this time. The culmination is an oral defense of the thesis project. Staff.
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Biology |
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BIOL 101 - Environmental Biology: Endangered Plants of the Appalachians
FDR: SL
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring
Using case studies in plant endangerment as a focal point for understanding ecological and evolutionary processes and the impact of human activities on biodiversity, students gain fundamental insight into their relationship with the living world and the importance of preserving biological diversity through a combination of targeted readings, intensive discussions, and basic research in the field, Field activities take place in regional hotspots of plant endemism and give students experience in applied conservation research. Field sites and subject species vary from year to year. Winder.
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BIOL 104 - Biological Illustration
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring
Prerequisites: Instructor consent required and interested students should contact Helen I’Anson, head of the biology department. Preference given to biology, neuroscience, environmental science and studio art majors. This course covers the classic illustration techniques of pen and ink, carbon dust, watercolor, and colored pencil. It then moves into the digital corollaries of those techniques using professional-grade hardware and software. Regular field trips are included to practice scientific observation, field sketching, and photography. Ober and Hurd.
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BIOL 105 - Introduction to Behavioral Ecology
FDR: SL
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Fall 2011 and alternate years
How do animals experience the world? What are animal social systems like? How do animals choose mates, find places to live, decide when to help others? This course for non-majors focuses on both the mechanisms of animal behavior (genes, hormones, sensory systems) and the adaptive value of behavior for survival and reproduction in nature. The laboratory includes field experiments and lab observations that test hypotheses using animals such as salamanders, cows, birds, and humans. Credit does not apply toward the biology major. Laboratory course. Marsh.
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BIOL 107 - Games Nature Plays
FDR: SC
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall, Winter
Intended for students not majoring in biology. The natural world often seems massively complex to us, yet many simple organisms with little cognitive power exhibit sophisticated strategies for succeeding in the “game of life.” This course explores how individuals make decisions and populations evolve adaptations that allow them to survive and reproduce. We focus particularly on strategies for acquiring resources, interacting (or not) with others, and selecting mates. Throughout the course, we also consider the diverse approaches humans take to these challenges, which may explain behaviors ranging from arms races to monogamy. Lamphere.
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BIOL 111 - Fundamentals of Biology
FDR: SL: BIOL 113 is a corequisite for students seeking laboratory science credits.
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall, Winter
Prerequisites: CHEM 110 for first-years during initial winter registration. Limited seating available for sophomores, juniors and seniors. Interested upper-division students should contact Bill Hamilton, in the Biology department, for consent as soon as the class schedule is available and before registration begins. Suitable for First-Years interested in pursuing a major in biology, neuroscience or environmental studies or the pre-health curriculum. Corequisite: BIOL 113. An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication applied to topics that vary among sections and terms. Specific subjects, chosen from within the scope of modern biological investigation according to the expertise of individual instructors, are examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. This course, and its companion laboratory, are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses.
Winter 2015 topics:
BIOL 111-01: Fundamentals of Biology: Biological Clocks and Rhythms (3). An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. From cell division to bird migration, clock-like rhythms control the activities of every living organism. In this section we investigate recent advances in chronobiology, the area of biology that studies internal biological clocks. Our topics include the measurement of rhythmic activity, the molecular mechanisms underlying daily rhythms, and the integration of internal and environmental rhythms in complex physiological processes, such as the sleep and reproductive cycles. (SL: BIOL 113 is a co-requisite for students seeking laboratory science credits.) Toporikova.
BIOL 111-02: Fundamentals of Biology: History of Biology (3). Corequisite: BIOL 113. An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. A discussion of the history of biological thought from the Greeks to Darwin to the present genomic revolution. This section focuses on how scientists first addressed the fundamental phenomena in life: reliable reproduction and genetic programming, and the origin of species and the evolution of diversity. This course, and its companion laboratory, are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses. (SL when taken with BIOL 113). Ayoub.
BIOL 111-03: Fundamentals of Biology: Disease Ecology (3). Corequisite: BIOL 113. An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. This course gives a holistic view of disease and its effects on human and animal populations throughout history. We learn about disease dynamics from the genetic level to the epidemiological level by focusing on pathogens such as ebola, lyme disease, and MRSA. This course, and its companion laboratory, are prerequisites for all higher-level biology courses. (SL: BIOL 113 is a co-requisite for students seeking laboratory science credits.) Marsh.
BIOL 111-04 : Fundamentals of Biology: The Lyme Paradigm (3). An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. Lyme disease, caused by infection with a tick-born bacterium, remains one of the most controversial and contentious diseases in recent medical practice, with bitter debates about basic biology, diagnosis and treatment. It also provides a great springboard to explore genetics, ecology, microbiology and immunology in a medical, social, and political context. (SL: BIOL 113 is a co-requisite for students seeking laboratory science credits.) Cabe.
Fall 2014 Topics:
BIOL 111-01: Fundamentals of Biology: Bacterial Genetics (3). An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. This section is an introduction to the genes and the mechanisms of gene expression by bacterial cells. It focuses on the current issues of bacterial infections in humans, for example: virulence, antibiotic resistance, or emerging diseases. (SL: BIOL 113 is a co-requisite for students seeking laboratory science credits.) Simurda.
BIOL 111-02: Fundamentals of Biology: Biological Clocks and Rhythms (3). An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. From cell division to bird migration, clock-like rhythms control the activities of every living organism. In this section we investigate recent advances in chronobiology, the area of biology that studies internal biological clocks. Our topics include the measurement of rhythmic activity, the molecular mechanisms underlying daily rhythms, and the integration of internal and environmental rhythms in complex physiological processes, such as the sleep and reproductive cycles. (SL: BIOL 113 is a co-requisite for students seeking laboratory science credits.) Toporikova.
BIOL 111-03: Fundamentals of Biology: Heart Attacks and High Fructose Corn Syrup (3). An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. In this section, we investigate the importance of nutrition in the context of the sweetening of our food supply by understanding the biochemical and physiological basis of atherosclerosis which in many patients, when left untreated, leads to a heart attack. This course, and its companion laboratory, are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses. (SL: BIOL 113 is a co-requisite for students seeking laboratory science credits.) Hamilton.
BIOL 111-04: Communication: From Cells to Organisms (3). An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. This section is a discussion of the issues of communication of a cell with its external environment beginning with the single-celled organism. We move on to a consideration of cell size and the evolution of multi-cellular organisms. Multi-cellular forms of communication are introduced and we study their role in maintaining a stable environment for the individual cells of the whole organism. (SL: BIOL 113 is a co-requisite for students seeking laboratory science credits.) I’Anson.
BIOL 111-05: Fundamentals of Biology:Drugs of Abuse (3). An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. In this section, we use addiction as a model for understanding basic principles of genetics, cell biology, anatomy, and physiology. An in-depth discussion of the common mechanisms of action of addictive substances is included, as well as relevant information about treatment and recovery strategies. This course, and its companion laboratory, are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses. (SL when taken with BIOL 113). Blythe.
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BIOL 113 - Biology Laboratory
FDR: SL: see note in BIOL 111.
Credits: 1
Planned Offering: Fall, Winter
Prerequisites: For BIOL 111/113: Limited seating available for sophomores, juniors and seniors. Interested upper-division students should contact Bill Hamilton, Head of the Biology department, for consent as soon as the class schedule is available and before registration begins. Suitable for First-Years interested in pursuing a major in biology, neuroscience or environmental studies or the pre-health curriculum. Corequisite: BIOL 111. A laboratory course to accompany BIOL 111. Students are trained in basic techniques of biological research by demonstrations and investigatory exercises, including data analysis and scientific communication. Lanier, Winder.
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BIOL 140 - Natural History of Rockbridge County
FDR: SL
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years.
Prerequisite: Non-biology majors only. Open to biology majors only by instructor consent. An introduction to the flora and fauna of Rockbridge County, with heavy emphasis on first-hand field experience. Readings include historical and current descriptions of biological communities and species typical of this area of Virginia, The close relationship between natural history and the fields of ecology and evolution is explored. Discussions and field trips emphasize the history of natural communities in the Shenandoah Valley and Southern Appalachians, the changes to these communities caused by human, and conservation strategies. Students should be prepared to be outside in all weather, hike in rough terrain, and enjoy field exploration (including early mornings and night excursions). Cabe.
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BIOL 150 - Genetic Engineering and Society
FDR: SL
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring 2013 and alternate years
No prerequisites. Intended for non-science majors. Humans have manipulated genes for thousands of years to make better crops and to domesticate animals. But in the last century the ability to transfer genes from one organism to another (“genetic engineering”) has dramatically changed our understanding of biology and our lives. In this course, we explore the nuts and bolts of genetic engineering and a small sampling of its applications, including developing drugs and vaccinations, enhancing crops, testing for genetic diseases, and genetic testing in the courtroom. These applications introduce ethical considerations for us to debate. In addition, we use molecular-biology tools to carry out our own genetic engineering projects with spider silk genes, which have potential for multiple medical and industrial applications. Students culminate the term by making a sales pitch to biotech companies to buy their spider-silk genes. Laboratory course. Ayoub.
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BIOL 160 - CSI: W&L
CHEM 160 FDR: SL
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring, when department teaching loads allow
No prerequisites. Appropriate for non-science majors. This laboratory course is an introduction to the field of forensic science with a focus on the physical, chemical, and biological basis of crime scene evidence. A particular emphasis is on the analysis of trace physical (e.g., glass, soil, fiber, ballistics) and biological (e.g., hair, blood, DNA) evidence and forensic toxicology (e.g., drugs, alcohol, poisons). The laboratory portion of this course provides “hands-on” opportunities to analyze collected crime scene samples and to utilize some of the commonly used forensic laboratory techniques such as microscopy, chromatography, and spectroscopy. The course also introduces some of the legal aspects associated with collection and analysis of crime-scene evidence. Laboratory course. LaRiviere, Watson.
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BIOL 165 - Human Biology and Nutrition
FDR: SL
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and faculty resources permit.
Students in this laboratory based course for non-majors investigate the importance of nutrition in the context of normal human biology and as it relates to poor nutritional choices on the proliferation of a suite of human diseases. Topics covered include diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia. In addition to other forms of assessment, students develop modules for kindergarten-to-fifth-grade science units based on content from the lecture and laboratory components of the course. Hamilton.
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BIOL 180 - FS: First-Year Seminar
FDR: SC
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Offered occasionally. Each first-year seminar topic is approved by the Dean of The College and the Committee on Courses and Degrees. Applicability to FDRs and other requirements varies.
First-year seminar. Prerequisite: First-year standing. Topical description when offered.
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BIOL 195 - Topics in Biology
Credits: 3 credits in Fall and Winter, 4 credits in Spring
Topics vary with instructor and term. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
Winter 2015 topic:
BIOL 195: Hooks and Bullets: Management Practices. Policies. and Ethics of Angling and Hunting in the United States (4). This course provides an introduction to the management and conservation of game species as well as the history, policies, and public perception of hunting and angling In the United States. Students learn about the biology and ecology of game species and the regulations used to manage such populations. The course also covers the conservation measures and legislative acts that have shaped angling and hunting in the U.S.. Students discuss the ethics of recreational angling and hunting as well as the various societal views of both activities. The laboratory includes the collection, analysis, interpretation, and communication of fisheries and wildlife data. Laboratory course. (SL) Duncan. Winter 2015 only
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BIOL 210 - Human Parasitology
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113. A survey of the phenomenon of animal parasitism, including discussion of the chief distinguishing structures, life cycles, and functions of major pathogenic parasites infecting humans and other animals. Simurda.
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BIOL 211 - Cell Biology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Winter
Prerequisites: Bio 111 and 113. This course will focus on understanding the components of a cell, the internal organization of a cell, how they move, how they function, how they respond to cues from their external environment, and the limits of our current knowledge. Lecture topics will include the internal organization of a cell, structure and function of DNA, RNA and proteins, membrane and cytoskeleton structure function, protein sorting, membrane transport, cell cycle and cell-cycle control, cell signaling and communication, and cell death. The lab component reinforces the lecture by emphasizing the experimental approaches to the study of cell biology. Laboratory course. Watson.
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BIOL 211S - Cell Structure and Function at St. Andrews
Credits: 6
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisites: An average grade of at least 3.0 in BIOL 111 and 113, a 3.000 cumulative GPA, and permission of the Department of Biology. This is an introductory module covering general aspects of animal cell structure and associated physiology. The module starts with a general overview of the regulation of the cell cycle, the roles of protein complexes essential to cell shape and adhesion and the homeostatic role of ion pumps, transporters and channels in the maintenance of solute compositions in both the intra- and extra-cellular fluid compartments. The module continues with detailed structure-function relationships within cells from three major tissues i) nerve cells and the mechanisms of generation and propagation of the action potential, ii) skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle cells and mechanisms controlling contraction and finally iii) blood cells and O2 transport, immune response, coagulation and cell signaling pathways. No more than four credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland with final grade assigned by W&L biology faculty. Laboratory course. Staff.
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BIOL 215 - Biochemistry of the Cell
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Winter
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113 and CHEM 241 or 241S. Not open to students with credit for CHEM 341 (Biochemistry). A study of the molecular basis of cell structure and function. Topics include biomolecular structure and chemistry, enzyme kinetics and inhibition, bioenergetics, intermediary metabolism and its regulation, membrane structure and transport, membrane receptors and signal transduction, and the endomembrane system. The laboratory stresses techniques for use in current biochemical research. Laboratory course. Whitworth.
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BIOL 215S - Biochemistry at St. Andrews
Credits: 6
Planned Offering: Winter
Prerequisites: CHEM 241 or 241S, an average grade of at least 3.0 in BIOL 111 and 113, a 3.000 cumulative GPA, and permission of the Department of Biology. This course may not be taken for credit by students who have completed CHEM 341. This course gives a solid background in mainstream biochemistry to students from a variety of backgrounds. The laboratory focuses on a variety of basic techniques and on experimental design. No more than four credits may be counted toward the majors in biology or neuroscience. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland with final grade assigned by W&L biology faculty. Laboratory course. Staff.
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BIOL 216 - Tropical Ecology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring, when departmental resources permit.
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113, instructor consent, and approval of the International Education Committee. Course participants visit sites of biological interest in the neotropics. The specific sites vary from year to year, but may include rain forest, high altitude forest, and/or the Galapagos Islands. Students gain firsthand experience with plant and animal communities that have distinctive scientific and historical importance, while learning about ecological and evolutionary processes responsible for patterns of biological diversity in the tropics. Laboratory course. Staff.
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BIOL 217 - Aquatic Ecology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Fall 2013 and alternate years
Prerequisite: BIOL 111 and 113; MATH 101 or higher; or instructor consent. This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the ecology of freshwater systems, with laboratory emphasis on streams and rivers in the local area. It includes a review of the physical and biological properties of freshwater ecosystems as well as current issues relating to their conservation. Laboratory activities focus around monitoring the impacts of current stream restoration efforts in local watersheds. Humston.
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BIOL 220 - Genetics
FDR: SL: BIOL 221 is a corequisite for students seeking laboratory science credits
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113, and sophomore or junior standing. A study of the three main branches of modern genetics: 1) Mendelian genetics, the study of the transmission of traits from one generation to the next; 2) molecular genetics, a study of the chemical structure of genes and how they operate at the molecular level; and 3) population genetics, the study of the variation of genes between and within populations. This course is a prerequisite to most 300-level courses in biology. Ayoub, Cabe.
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BIOL 221 - Genetics Laboratory
FDR: SL: see note above in BIOL 220
Credits: 1
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisite: BIOL 111 and 113, and sophomore or junior standing. Corequisite: BIOL 220. Techniques in modern molecular genetics. Ayoub, Cabe.
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BIOL 223 - Virology
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall or Winter of 2012-2013 and alternate years
Prerequisite: BIOL 211 or 220. A study of those obligate intracellular parasites known as viruses, that infect both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including viral structure, mode of infection and replication, regulation of viral life cycle. Discussions include viral diseases in humans. Simurda.
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BIOL 225 - Medicinal Plant Biology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Winter 2011 and alternate years
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113 or instructor consent. From Taxol to Vitamin C plants provide important medicinal products for humans. This course is an introduction to the study of plant form and function from the perspective of the utilization of plants by humans for medicinal purposes. Lectures cover plant cell biology, biochemistry, physiology, genetics, and interactions with the environment. The laboratory includes modern plant biology techniques ranging from molecular to organismal. Laboratory course. Hamilton.
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BIOL 230 - Field Biogeography and Species Conservation
FDR: SL
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring, when departmental resources permit
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113 or instructor consent. Corequisite: English 294. This course emphasizes the patterns of diversity encountered during visits to different regional plant communities where we use professional floristic works to identify vascular plants. In addition, evolutionary and ecological explanations for patterns of distribution and extinction, and the lessons these teach for conservation, are explored. (SL) Laboratory course. Staff.
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BIOL 231 - Field Entomology
FDR: SC
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring, when departmental resources permit
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113. A study of the diversity, classification and ecology of insects. This course consists primarily of fieldwork in Virginia (first four weeks) and Central America (last two weeks). Students become familiar with the major insect groups, make a synoptic collection, and compare diversity between temperate Virginia and tropical Central America. No other course may be taken concurrently. Laboratory course. Hurd.
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BIOL 235 - Plant Diversity
FDR: SC
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and faculty resources permit
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113. An examination of the major groups of algae, fungi, bryophytes, and vascular plants of the world. In the laboratory, students will collect and study representatives of these groups from our local environment. Laboratory course. Staff.
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BIOL 240 - Zoology
FDR: SC
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Winter
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113. Form and function of animals with emphasis on evolution and ecology of major invertebrate and vertebrate groups. Laboratory course. Hurd.
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BIOL 240S - Zoology at St. Andrews
FDR: SC
Credits: 6
Planned Offering: Fall.
Prerequisites: An average grade of at least 3.0 in BIOL 111 and 113, a 3.000 cumulative GPA, and permission of the Department of Biology. A study of zoology with emphasis on the evolution of diversity through adaptive radiation and strategies for existence among the major animal groups, from simplest to most complex forms. No more than four credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland with final grade assigned by W&L biology faculty. Laboratory course. Staff.
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BIOL 241 - Field Ornithology
FDR: SL
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring 2013 and alternate years
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113. This course integrates studies of bird biology with field observation and identification of local bird species. Topics covered include anatomy, taxonomy, reproduction, vocalization, migration, ecology, and evolution. Field trips to a variety of areas throughout Virginia emphasize identification skills and basic field research techniques. No other course may be taken concurrently. Laboratory course. Cabe.
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BIOL 242 - Field Herpetology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring
Prerequisite: Instructor consent and either BIOL 111 or ENV 110 Field Herpetology is a research-based course on the ecology and behavior of amphibians and reptiles. Research projects vary from year-to-year and are designed to give students plenty of time on the field and exposure to a diverse assortment of amphibian and reptile species. Students should be prepared for hiking off-trail, wading in swamps, and catching live animals. Marsh.
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BIOL 243 - Animal Behavior
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113. An introduction to the scientific study of animal behavior, including exploration of the evolutionary basis of behavior and examination of how animals choose mates, defend territories, find food, and avoid predators. Field and laboratory exercises focus on testing hypotheses through experiments with a variety of animals, including fish, amphibians, birds, and humans. Laboratory course. Marsh.
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BIOL 245 - Ecology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113. An introduction to the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. Topics are arranged hierarchically: a) evolution and elementary population genetics; b) population dynamics and regulation; c) interspecific competition, predation, parasitism and symbiosis; d) community structure, energy and material flux in ecosystems. Laboratory is field oriented and investigative. Laboratory course. Hurd.
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BIOL 246 - Biological Diversity: Patterns and Processes
FDR: SC
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Offered when interest if expressed and faculty resources permit.
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113 or instructor consent. How are plants and animals distributed on Earth, and how do important biogeographical patterns reflect ecological and evolutionary processes? The answers to these questions are crucial to conservation efforts and to predicting changes in “biodiversity” during a time of unprecedented, rapid global environmental change. Hurd, Staff.
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BIOL 250 - Vertebrate Endocrinology
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Winter
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113. A study of the chemoregulatory mechanisms of the vertebrates; emphasis is on biochemical and cellular, as well as physiological aspects of hormone action. Blythe.
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BIOL 255 - Reproductive Physiology
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113. An examination of sex as a biological phenomenon with consideration of the genetic (chromosomal), embryological, endocrine, and neurological bases of sexual development, differentiation, and identity. Staff.
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BIOL 260 - Anatomy and Physiology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113 and instructor consent. An introduction to the structure, function, and homeostasis of the major organ systems of humans. Laboratory exercises include basic histology, dissection of the cat with comparisons to human anatomy, and physiology of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and urinary systems. Laboratory course. Blythe.
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BIOL 260S - Human Systems Physiology at St. Andrews
Credits: 6
Prerequisites: An average grade of at least 3.0 in BIOL 111 and 113, a 3.000 cumulative grade-point average, and permission of the Department of Biology. An introduction to the control and regulation of important physiological processes in humans. Emphasis is placed on how the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems are interrelated and how this integration of function is required for human survival. Changes associated with disease are discussed in the context of control systems that no longer operate as intended. No more than four credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland with final grade assigned by W&L biology faculty. Laboratory course. Staff.
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BIOL 265 - Integrative Science Topic
(ENGN 265)
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisite: BIOL 111 or PHYS 112. This course integrates biology, physics, engineering and mathematical modeling through the study of the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular disease. A variety of cardiovascular disease states are used to reinforce basic mechanical and electrical principles of cardiovascular physiology. Treatments using these physiological and/or engineering principles are also considered, such as cardiovascular drugs and drug delivery systems, heart and blood vessel transplantation, defibrillators and heart monitors, etc. Laboratories provide an opportunity to investigate fluid dynamics, cardiovascular monitoring using physiological transducers, computer heart/vessel modeling software, diagnostic imaging (ultrasound/MRI), etc. Speakers and site visits highlight cardiovascular medicine (clinical and/or veterinary), epidemiology, FDA medical device approval and testing, vascular stent design, etc., to provide a wider relevance to our discussions. Laboratory course. I’Anson.
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BIOL 267 - Bioengineering and Bioinspired Design
ENGN 267 FDR: SC
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisite: PHYS-112 or instructor consent. Interdisciplinary study of the physical principles of animal navigation and sensory mechanisms. This course integrates biology, physics, engineering, and quantitative methods to study how an animal’s physiology is optimized to perform a critical function, as well as how these biological systems inspire new technologies. Topics include: long-distance navigation; locomotion; optical, thermal, and auditory sensing; bioelectricity; biomaterials; and swarm synchronicity. Some examples of questions addressed are: How does a loggerhead turtle navigate during a 9,000 mile open-ocean swim to return to the beach where it was born? How does a blowfly hover and outmaneuver an F-16? How is the mantis shrimp eye guiding the next revolution in DVD technology? This course is intended for students interested in working on problems at the boundary of biology and physics/engineering, and is appropriate for those who have more experience in one field than the other. Lectures, reading and discussion of research literature, and hands-on investigation/field-work, where appropriate. Erickson.
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BIOL 270S - Comparative Biology at St. Andrews
Credits: 6
Planned Offering: Winter
Prerequisites: An average grade of at least 3.0 in BIOL 111 and 113, a 3.000 cumulative GPA, and permission of the Department of Biology. An examination of the comparative biology of animals and plants, focusing on the problems encountered by organisms in different habitats and with different lifestyles, and of the different structural, physiological and ecological solutions they have evolved. An analysis of fundamental design differences between plants and animals, between organisms of different sizes and biophysical effects of scaling, and between the stresses of aquatic and terrestrial lifestyles. Integration of ecology, physiology and behavior is a major theme. No more than four credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland with final grade assigned by W&L biology faculty. Laboratory course. Staff.
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BIOL 274 - Structural Biology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: No scheduled years.
Prerequisite: BIOL 111 and 113, MATH 102 (or equivalent), and CHEM 112 or instructor consent. This course covers: (a) the fundamental concepts of structural biology (chemical building blocks, structure, superstructure, folding. etc.); (b) software for visualization, visualization styles, publication quality images; (c) the hierarchical nature of biomacromolecular structure classification; (d) computational methods to evaluate and compare biomacromolecular structure; (e) inferring structure/function relationships from structure; and (f) computational prediction of protein structure from sequence. Laboratory course. Staff.
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BIOL 275 - Food for Thought
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Winter 2015.
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113. Nutritional neuroscience is an emerging. interdisciplinary field that directly relates to many health care and quality-of-life issues at the forefront of modern society. This course serves as an introduction to nutrition and metabolism, as well as to the neural and hormonal regulation of feeding. Through the use of primary literature and service-learning experiences, students develop an understanding of the experimental tools used in basic and applied nutritional sciences research. Blythe.
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BIOL 280 - Neural Imaging
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring 2014 and alternate years
Prerequisite: BIOL 111, 113, 220 or instructor consent. This course examines how the architecture of specific types of neurons affect the neuron’s ability to receive, process, and transmit synaptic information. In particular, the course examines how some of the important molecular growth and differentiation cues (e.g., growth factors) can transmit signals important for axon growth and survival of developing and mature neurons. Topics may include neurogenesis, axonal pathfinding, synaptogenesis, and regeneration. Students will conduct original research in the laboratory and acquire skills with various imaging techniques and analytical tools. Watson.
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BIOL 282 - Dynamics of Biological Systems
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisite: MATH 101, BIOL 111/113, or instructor consent. This course discusses how biological systems, ranging from single cells to entire human populations, change over time. Students learn to describe a biological system quantitatively, create a model of the system’s dynamics, and make testable predictions. Topics covered include, but are not limited to, cell metabolism, scaling laws for biological systems, population dynamics, and epidemiological modeling. Students learn how to develop and analyze their own models in the lab component of this course where all necessary mathematical and programming background are developed as needed. Laboratory course. Toporikova.
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BIOL 283 - Pregnancy: A KISS in Time?
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring
Prerequisite: BIOL 111 and 113. No programming experience required; all necessary skills and training are provided as a set of tutorials. Kisspeptin (KISS) is a neuropeptide that controls reproductive maturation and function. Its adequate secretion is essential for correct reproductive function and successful pregnancy. Recent experimental studies have shown that KISS may act as a central integrator for other reproductive hormones and neuropeptides. For example, KISS stimulates release of the hormone prolactin (PRL), which helps to maintain pregnancy and prepare the body for lactation. In this class ,students determine the role that KISS plays in successful pregnancy using computational modeling. Students experience the world of computational modeling in neuroendocrinology by working in teams to investigate and extend an existing model for hormonal interaction between KISS and PRL in pregnancy in rats. The model will be used to generate experimentally tested predictions. Toporikova.
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BIOL 285 - Introduction to Systems Biology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring
Prerequisites: BIOL 220. Over the last decade a host of innovations have dramatically changed the scale on which biologists can perform experiments and interrogate molecular processes. These new quantitative technologies have allowed us to move from single “component” or “process” views of the cell to being able to ask questions about integrated molecular systems. In this course, we review some of the new technologies which have been driving this change, delve into the primary literature in both biology and medicine to explore the ways in which these technologies have shaped investigation, and explore firsthand some of the computational and statistical approaches that are being used to make sense of large-scale datasets. Whitworth.
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BIOL 295 - Seminar in Biology
Credits: 1
Planned Offering: Fall, Winter
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113, at least junior standing and departmental consent. Seminar topics vary with instructor and term. Sample topics include: genetics, molecular genetics, virology, evolutionary biology, history of medicine, biology of aging, ecology, cancer, reproductive strategies, neuroendocrinology, microbiology and immunology. These are in-depth studies of restricted topics within the broad areas indicated by the titles, involving critical review of literature, discussion and oral and/or written presentation. One such seminar is required of each major pursuing a Bachelor of Science degree, and no more than two may be counted toward the 30 credits in biology required for the major. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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BIOL 296 - Topics in Integrative Science:
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring, offered when interest expressed and departmental resources permit
Prerequisite: BIOL 111 or PHYS 112 or instructor consent. Topics in integrative science.
Spring 2015 topic:
BIOL 297: Topics in Biology: The Smell of Sex (4). The use of pheromones to coordinate reproduction is a widespread biological phenomenon in animals. This course explores the fundamental bases of pheromone biology, from pheromone synthesis pathways and genetics to the evolution of mate searching behaviors and neural networks. Students create independent experiment-based projects involving field and laboratory analyses of pheromone-driven behaviors. Parker. Spring 2015
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BIOL 297 - Topics in Biology
Credits: 3 or 4 in fall or winter; 4 in spring
Planned Offering: Fall, Winter, Spring
Prerequisites vary with topic. Topics vary with instructor and term.
Spring 2015 topic:
BIOL 297-01: Topics in Biology: The Smell of Sex (4). The use of pheromones to coordinate reproduction is a widespread biological phenomenon in animals. This course explores the fundamental bases of pheromone biology, from pheromone synthesis pathways and genetics to the evolution of mate searching behaviors and neural networks. Students create independent experiment-based projects involving field and laboratory analyses of pheromone-driven behaviors. Parker. Spring 2015
Winter 2015 topic:
BIOL 297-01: Biochemistry of the Cell (3): Prerequisites: BIOL 111/113 and CHEM 241 or 241S; and instructor consent required. This is a non-lab equivalent of BIOL 215 and not open to students with credit for BIOL 215 or CHEM 341 (Biochemistry). A study of the molecular basis of cell structure and function. Topics include biomolecular structure and chemistry, enzyme kinetics and inhibition, bioenergetics, intermediary metabolism and its regulation, membrane structure and transport, membrane receptors and signal transduction, and the endomembrane system. Whitworth
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BIOL 301 - Statistics for Biology and Medicine
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Winter
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113. This course examines the principles of statistics and experimental design for biological and medical research. The focus is on the practical and conceptual aspects of statistics, rather than mathematical derivations. Students completing this class will be able to read and understand research papers, to design realistic experiments, and to carry out their own statistical analyses using computer packages. Marsh.
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BIOL 310 - Microbiology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Winter
Prerequisite: ONE of the following: BIOL 220 plus CHEM 241, or BIOL 215, or CHEM 341. A broadly based course in the study of microorganisms, specifically: prokaryotic cells, microbial diversity, and the effects of microbes in the world, in society and in the bodies of animals and plants. It concerns the central role of microbiology as a basic biological science that enhances our understanding of the biology of higher organisms. Laboratory course. Simurda.
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BIOL 320 - Modern Genetic Analysis
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and faculty resources permit.
Prerequisite: BIOL 220. An examination of DNA sequence-based information and its uses in molecular biology, medicine, and evolutionary studies. Includes technologies and approaches of sequencing, genome sequencing projects, analysis of sequence data, location of and identification of genes linked to disease, and using data to establish evolutionary histories of genes and species. Cabe.
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BIOL 321 - Advanced Genetics Laboratory
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring 2013 and alternate years.
Prerequisites: BIOL 220 and 221. A research-based practicum on the acquisition and analysis of DNA sequence data. Students pursue lab-based independent projects to gain proficiency in DNA sequencing, and practice analyzing and comparing the DNA sequence data obtained. Laboratory course. Cabe.
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BIOL 322 - Conservation Genetics
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Winter 2014 and alternate years
Prerequisite: BIOL 220 or instructor consent. A study of the central issues of population genetics and their application to species preservation and conservation. Topics include genetic surveys of rare or threatened species; population structure and dispersal; inferring population histories from genetic data; phylogenetics of threatened species’ groups; hybridization between species; the use of genetic data in captive breeding programs and the prosecution of endangered species legislation; and the use of biotechnologies, such as cloning. Cabe.
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BIOL 323 - Research Questions in Genomes
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring
Prerequisite: BIOL 220 or instructor consent. Genomics is a rapidly growing field that integrates and expands on diverse subjects such as evolution, molecular biology, and computer science. Genomics has increased our understanding of human health and evolution and had a direct impact on the advancement of medicine. This course provides students the opportunity to actively engage in genomics research projects, thus increasing their understanding of the research process and the significance of genomics tools. Students generate original sequence data and annotate genes and other features, leading to an independent analysis of a comparative genomics question, and contributing to research publications. Laboratory course. Ayoub.
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BIOL 325 - Ecological Modeling and Conservation Strategies
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring 2012 and alternate years
Prerequisites: MATH 101 or higher and BIOL 111 and 113, or instructor consent. This course is an intensive introduction to foundational methods in ecological modeling and their application, with emphasis on the dynamics of exploited or threatened populations and developing strategies for effective conservation. Topics include managing harvested populations, population viability analysis, individual based models, and simulation modeling for systems analyses. Laboratory course. Humston.
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BIOL 330 - Experimental Botany: Global Climate Change
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisite: BIOL 220 or instructor consent. Lectures focus on the major impacts of global climate change (elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and elevated temperatures) on plant function (photosynthesis and respiration) and plant communities. Additional topics include global carbon budgets, plant carbon sequestration, and agricultural impacts. Participants review the pertinent primary literature and conduct a term-long laboratory research project. Laboratory course. Hamilton.
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BIOL 332 - Plant Functional Ecology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring
Prerequisite: BIOL 295 and instructor consent. The emphasis and location of the study area differs from year to year. Information regarding the specific course topic and field trip schedule is made available in the fall. Through novel research projects in a variety of field settings (e.g., on-campus, Appalachian and Blue Ridge Mountains, The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem), this field-based laboratory course covers topics which investigate the vital roles that plants play in shaping Earth’s ecosystems. Topics focus on the responses of native plants to environmental stresses, such as global climate change (elevated temperature and carbon dioxide and drought), herbivory, and invasive species. Field and laboratory exercises focus on testing hypotheses through experiments using a variety of species from intact plant communities. A review of the pertinent literature is used to develop and conduct a term research project. Laboratory course. Hamilton.
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BIOL 340 - Evolution
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Winter
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113 or instructor consent. An examination of the evidence for evolution and the mechanisms by which evolution occurs. Ayoub.
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BIOL 340S - Evolutionary Biology at St. Andrews
Credits: 6
Planned Offering: Winter
Prerequisites: An average grade of at least 3.0 in BIOL 111 and 113, a 3.000 cumulative GPA, and consent of the Department of Biology. An introduction to the theory and processes of evolution, emphasizing the scientific approach to the study of evolutionary phenomena. Topics include the significance of character variation within and between species, basic evolutionary genetics, speciation, evolution in predator-prey systems, evolution of sex, behavioral systems, and human evolution. No more than four credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland with final grade assigned by W&L biology faculty. Laboratory course. Staff.
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BIOL 350 - Immunology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Fall
Prerequisites: Senior standing and one course chosen from BIOL 215, BIOL 215S, BIOL 220, or CHEM 341. A study of the structural and functional aspects of the immune system from the perspective of cellular and developmental biology; the biochemical and structural properties of antibodies and the possible origins of their diversity; and immunopathology. Simurda.
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BIOL 355 - Microanatomy
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Offered when departmental resources permit.
Prerequisite: BIOL 220. A study of the normal microscopic structure of the mammalian body with emphasis placed on structural and functional correlations. Laboratory work includes the study of prepared tissue and the preparation of tissues for microscopy. Laboratory course. I’Anson.
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BIOL 360 - Experimental Neurophysiology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Spring
Prerequisites: BIOL 111, 113 and 220 An in-depth exploration of the theory and techniques of cellular neurophysiology. Labs utilize extracellular and intracellular recording techniques to explore motor neuron and sensory receptor firing properties and to examine the ionic basis for resting and action potentials and synaptic transmission. Laboratory course. Blythe.
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BIOL 362 - Animal Physiology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Winter
Prerequisite: At least junior standing and BIOL 220. A comparative study of functional processes of animals, primarily vertebrates, and their environmental interactions. Laboratory emphasis is on functional adaptations and the use of physiological instrumentation in measuring functional processes. Laboratory course. I’Anson, Staff.
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BIOL 365 - Developmental Biology
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Fall 2014
Prerequisite: BIOL 220 and at least junior standing. An examination of the goals, practices, and accomplishments of contemporary developmental biology. Topics include gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, genetic control of cell differentiation, transgenic procedures, cloning, embryo manipulation, and stem cells. Lectures, discussions of the developmental literature, and electronic media are utilized. Laboratory sessions focus on experimental manipulations of early invertebrate and vertebrate embryos and emphasize student-designed research projects. Laboratory course. Watson.
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BIOL 385 - Molecular Mechanics of Life
Credits: 4
Planned Offering: Fall 2012 and alternate years
Prerequisite: BIOL 220. How do we study complex networks of interactions between molecules in cells? How do we discover what roles different molecular machines play in the development and behavior of cells and animals? How can we identify the ways in which medical illness is caused by the misregulation of biological complexes because of a pathogenic infection or genetic disease? Our approach to answering these questions reflects the same interdisciplinary strategy being used at the forefront of current biomedical research. We consider the ways in which traditional approaches in biochemistry, genetics and cell biology can be merged with new systems-level approaches such as genomics and proteomics, to allow us to probe the underlying molecular mechanics of life. In the classroom, we examine different molecular networks, while readings include selections from the primary literature. The laboratory is based on an investigation of a novel research question, designed and addressed by student participants. Laboratory course Whitworth.
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BIOL 395 - Selected Topics in Structural and Functional Biology
Credits: 3
Planned Offering: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisites: BIOL 220, and at least junior standing. Topics include physiology, neurobiology, developmental biology and immunology. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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BIOL 396 - Selected Topics in Cellular and Molecular Biology
Credits: 3-4
Prerequisites: BIOL 220, and at least junior standing. Topics include genetics, virology, cell biology and microbiology. May be repeated for degree credit if the topics are different.
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