2009-2010 University Catalog archived
Course Descriptions
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Art History |
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ARTH 376 - Visual Culture in the Hispanic World, ca. 1500-1700
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter 2010 and alternate years
Prerequisite: ARTH 103 or permission of the instructor.The 17th-century Golden Age was a period of unparalleled artistic achievement in the Hispanic world. This seminar investigates painting, sculpture and architecture of Spain and the Viceroyalties of New Spain and Peru from ca.1500 to the death of the last Spanish Habsburg king in 1700. Artists highlighted in this course include Titian, Juan de Herrera, El Greco, Velázquez, Guaman Poma, Miguel de Santiago, and Goya.Lepage.
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ARTH 384 - Renaissance Art in Venice
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
Prerequisite: ARTH 102 or 256. This course addresses issues of patronage, artistic production, uses of ancient themes and sources, criticism and art theory, and the uses and abuses of images during the High Renaissance. We focus our attention on the art and architecture of Northern Italy from about 1460 to 1575, with particular emphasis placed on images and structures produced in Venice and its territorial possessions (“The Veneto”) and by those who considered la serennissima their home.Bent.
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ARTH 390 - Seminar in East Asian Art
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Spring
Prerequisite: ARTH 140 or permission of the instructor.Selected topics in East Asian art. Includes guided research, reports, term paper, and possible visit to the Freer and Sackler Galleries in Washington, D.C. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.O’Mara.
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ARTH 394 - Seminar in Art History
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Winter, Spring
Prerequisites: Three credits in art history and permission of the instructor.Research in selected topics in art history with written and oral reports. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.Staff.
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ARTH 395 - Senior Seminar: Approaches to Art History
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisite: Senior art history major.An exploration of bibliography in preparation for the thesis, and of methodology, criticism and contemporary issues in a capstone seminar. Topics include biography and formalism, iconography and iconology, social history and Marxism, feminism, psychoanalysis, semiotics, Structuralism, Post-Structuralism, and deconstruction.O’Mara.
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ARTH 398 - Museum Studies
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
An exploration of the history, philosophy and practical aspects of museums. Topics of discussion include governance and administration, collections, exhibitions and education. The course will alternate weekly readings and class discussion with field trips to regional museums. Requires short papers and a project.Grover and Hobbs.
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ARTH 401 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 1
Prerequisite: Permission of the department.Individual or class study of special topics in art history. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.Staff.
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ARTH 402 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 2
Prerequisite: Permission of the department.Individual or class study of special topics in art history. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.Staff.
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ARTH 403 - Directed Individual Study
Credits: 3
Prerequisite: Permission of the department.Individual or class study of special topics in art history. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.Staff.
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ARTH 453 - Internship in Arts Management
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.Supervised off-campus experience in an art gallery, art dealership, museum, or auction house approved by the Art Department. Requires a paper in addition to projects devised in advance by the instructor and student.Ryan.
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ARTH 473 - Senior Thesis
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisite: ARTH 395.An art history thesis. A thesis abstract with a written statement of objectives must be presented to the department for consideration by September 30.Staff.
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ARTH 493 - Honors Thesis
Credits: 3-3
When Offered: Fall-Winter
Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and senior standing. Corequisite: ARTH 395.An art history thesis. Application for the honors candidacy must be made by May 1 of the junior year. A thesis abstract with a written statement of the objective must be presented at this time. A 3.300 cumulative grade-point average is required. The culmination is an oral defense of the thesis project.Staff.
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Studio Art |
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ARTS 111 - Drawing I
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Winter
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.Development of skills and visual awareness through the study of the basic elements of drawing. Variety of media, including pencil, charcoal, ink and crayon. Lab fee required.Staff.
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ARTS 112 - Drawing II
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisites: ARTS 111 and permission of the instructor.Continuation of Drawing I. Lab fee required.Staff.
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ARTS 120 - Photography I
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Winter
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.An introduction to the technical and creative principles of black-and-white photography as a fine art medium, with an emphasis on composition, exposure, and darkroom technique. Course includes a combination of image presentations, technical demonstrations, studio instruction, and group critiques. Lab fee required; cameras available for checkout from department.Staff.
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ARTS 131 - Design I
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Winter
An introduction to the elements and concepts of twodimensional design within the context of current digital technology, with an emphasis on contemporary computer software programs.Stene.
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ARTS 211 - Figure Drawing I
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisites: ARTS 111 and permission of the instructor.Drawing from the human figure using a variety of media. Lab fee required.Olson-Janjic.
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ARTS 212 - Figure Drawing II
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisites: ARTS 211 and permission of the instructor.Continuation of ARTS 211 with emphasis on the use of the human figure as a compositional element. Lab fee required.Staff.
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ARTS 213 - Drawing Italy
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 4
Prerequisites: ARTS 111 and permission of the instructor.Living and drawing on site in Rome, Florence, Umbria, and Tuscany and with day trips to Pompeii, Assisi, and other important art sites in Italy. Students explore Italy’s vast artistic heritage within its cultural context, then apply this experience to their own art while working in the distinctive Mediterranean light. Media include pen and ink, pastel and acrylic. Lab fee required.Olson-Janjic.
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ARTS 214 - Drawing in Place
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring 2010
Prerequisite: ARTS 111 or permission of instructor. This drawing course is intended for intermediate drawing students. The goals of this intensive course are to practice drawing skills, learn about the tradition of art of place, and to produce a series of drawings based on a specific place. We spend the first two weeks brushing up on the basics of drawing while reading and discussing writings about place and site-oriented art. Image presentations and group discussion support the readings.Beavers.
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ARTS 217 - Painting I
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Winter
Prerequisites: ARTS 111 and permission of the instructor.Emphasis on color, design and spatial relationships. Work from observation and imagination in oil and acrylic. Lab fee required.Olson-Janjic.
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ARTS 218 - Painting II
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: ARTS 217 and permission of the instructor.Continuation of ARTS 217. Lab fee required.Olson-Janjic.
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ARTS 219 - Painted Light: Interpreting the Landscape
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
Prerequisite: ARTS 217 or permission of instructor.This course begins with the introduction of en plein air, a French expression which means “in the open air” and is used to describe the act of painting outdoors. We examine artists who have worked en plein air, past and present, study their work and methods, and then apply this knowledge to painting outdoors. Emphasis is on the way light and color define form and space. Students build on their knowledge of color theory through observation and implementation. Beginning with the concept of plein air, we quickly branch out to more interpretive and subjective uses of the landscape in painting, resulting in a cohesive body of work. Lab fee required.Olson-Janjic.
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ARTS 220 - Photography II
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisite: ARTS 120 or permission of the instructor.A continuation of ARTS 120, with an emphasis on black-and-white craft and creative problem solving through both film and digital processes. Course includes a combination of demonstrations, studio instruction, and group critiques, as well as image presentations, readings, and discussions related to historical and contemporary movements in the medium. Lab fee required; cameras available for checkout from department.Bowden.
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ARTS 223 - Photography and the City
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
Prerequisites: Prerequisite: ARTS 160. Spring Term Abroad course. Several major cities, including Paris and New York, play an important role in the medium of photography. Students are introduced to the historical context of photography and photographers of a particular city, as well as contemporary artists and exhibitions. Field trips to museums, galleries, and relevant sites play an integral role in the course. The geometry of the city provides a sharp visual contrast to the bucolic landscape of rural Virginia. Each student undertakes a substantial photographic project based upon a particular visual element or conceptual idea of the city, shooting for their project every day of the first three weeks while in the one of these cities, with regular group critiques. The last week of the course is spent printing the project and curating an exhibition of the work.Bowden.
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ARTS 224 - Digital Color Photography
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisite: ARTS 120 or permission of instructor.An introduction to the visual and technical principles of color photography, as applied in the digital realm. Students learn the concepts of color photography through applied projects, as well as image presentations, readings, and discussions of methods and artists, historical and contemporary. Students photograph in digital format, and learn the craft of fine color printing in the digital darkroom. Lab fee required, cameras available for checkout from department.Bowden.
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ARTS 226 - Introduction to the Book Arts
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
A creative exploration of the tradition of the handmade book. Students learn to make several styles of binding, including accordion books, pamphlets, and Japanese bindings, developing some skill in letterpress printing, paper decorating, and simple printmaking techniques to create original handmade books. Readings, discussions, and slide lectures introduce students to the ingenious history of books and printing. Besides constructing imaginative, individual book art projects, students create one collaborative project. Lab fee required.Merrill.
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ARTS 227 - Printmaking I
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisite: ARTS 111 or permission of instructor.A survey of fine art printmaking media, with emphasis on beginning techniques and the artistic potential of the print. Media include a selection of techniques from intaglio, relief, and planographic printmaking.Beavers.
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ARTS 228 - Printmaking II
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisite: ARTS 227 and permission of instructor.Continuation of Printmaking I, with emphasis on one of the major media of printmaking (intaglio, relief, lithography). Students gain experience both with technique and the creative ability to solve visual problems and present compelling images in two dimensions.Beavers.
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ARTS 231 - Sculpture I
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter, Spring
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.An introduction to sculpture techniques, tools and materials. Studio problems develop skills in working with wood, stone, clay, and metal. Lab fee required.Stene.
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ARTS 232 - Sculpture II
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisites: ARTS 231 and permission of the instructor.Studio problems concentrate on one medium, e.g., stone, wood, clay, or metal. Contemporary concerns in sculpture are explored through readings and presentations by students. Lab fee required.Stene.
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ARTS 235 - Art: Site and Situation
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
Students design, construct, and install environmentally friendly site specific art. Design work is conducted in the computer lab, construction done in the art studios, and installation is on campus or at a selected site in the Lexington area.Stene.
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ARTS 291 - Special Topics in Painting
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisite: ARTS 111 or 217 or permission of the instructor.Intermediate and advanced study in painting with emphasis on specialized media and topics. Examples of media offered include acrylic, oil, mixed media, and encaustic with subject matter ranging from the figure and landscape to non-objective imagery. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. Lab fee required.Olson-Janjic.
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ARTS 292 - Special Topics in Photography
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Spring
Prerequisite: ARTS 120 or permission of the instructor.Advanced study in photography, with an emphasis on a specialized topic within the medium. Lab fee required.Bowden.
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ARTS 297 - Special Topics in Studio Art
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 1 or 3
When Offered: Spring
Prerequisite: ARTS 111 or permission of the instructor.In various years the topics and media change, given the interest of the faculty and presence of visiting artists. May be repeated with permission when topics are different. Lab fee required.Staff.
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ARTS 309 - Studio Seminar: Methods in Contemporary Art Practice
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: Studio art major and permission of the instructor.This course is a critique-based studio seminar designed to prepare students for the senior thesis in studio arts and built around a term-long visual arts project responding to current trends in contemporary art. This seminar introduces a theme or topic, supported by readings, films, and image presentations, as the focus of class discussions exploring and highlighting the work of relevant contemporary artists. Students develop and plan a body of work inspired by or in response to this theme. Group and individual critiques assess each student’s progress towards this goal.Beavers.
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ARTS 317 - Painting III
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: ARTS 218 and permission of the instructor.For studio art majors. Continuation of the formal structure of painting with emphasis on developing the expression and style of the individual student. Expand awareness of contemporary concerns in art. Lab fee required.Olson-Janjic.
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ARTS 318 - Painting IV
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: ARTS 317 and permission of the instructor.Continuation of ARTS 317. Lab fee required.Olson-Janjic.
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ARTS 320 - Photography III
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisite: Arts 220 or permission of the instructor.A project-based course, with a particular focus on large format photography, the craft of fine printing, and the process for creating a body of work. Course will include an emphasis on group critique, as well as images, readings, and discussion related to historical and contemporary movements in the medium. Lab fee required; cameras available for checkout from department.Bowden.
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ARTS 321 - Photography IV
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisite: Arts 320 or permission of the instructor.Advanced studies in fine art photography and the photographic print, with an emphasis on creating a substantial term-long project. Students may work in traditional, digital, or alternative process techniques in either black-and-white or color, and larger film and print formats will be encouraged. Lab fee required; cameras available for checkout from department.Bowden.
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ARTS 327 - Printmaking III
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisites: ARTS 228 and permission of instructor.Students concentrate on producing a body of work through deeper exploration of one of the printmaking techniques. More emphasis on critical evaluation in the planning and execution stage. Seminar style discussion of contemporary issues in printmaking.Beavers.
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ARTS 328 - Printmaking IV
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisites: ARTS 327 and permission of instructor.Tutorial/critique course for advanced students in printmaking. Term project.Beavers.
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ARTS 329 - Special Topics in Printmaking
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisites: ARTS 227 and permission of instructor.This course focuses on a problem or theme in printmaking, such as sequential or series of images, production of large-scale prints, simple alternative technique, digital processes, image with text, etc. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.Beavers.
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ARTS 331 - Sculpture III
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisites: ARTS 131 and permission of the instructor, with ARTS 211 highly recommended.Problems are designed to develop an awareness of form relationships in the human figure and to gain an understanding of how they relate to design principles and elements. Lab fee required.Stene.
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ARTS 332 - Sculpture IV
FDR: HA, GE4a
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisites: ARTS 232 and permission of the instructor.A continuation of ARTS 331 with emphasis on in-depth studio problems. Further readings and presentations in contemporary sculpture. Lab fee required.Stene.
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ARTS 396 - Senior Seminar: Approaches to Studio Art
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisite: Senior studio art major.This course begins the process which culminates in the spring term, senior-thesis art exhibit. Art studio faculty and visiting artists discuss their work. Readings related to personal explorations are assigned and discussed. Techniques and methods for preparing artwork for exhibition are discussed and demonstrated.Stene.
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ARTS 421 - Directed Studio Projects
Credits: 1
Prerequisites for projects in sculpture: ARTS 231 and permission of the instructor, Stene. Prerequisites for projects in painting: ARTS 217 and permission of the instructor, Olson-Janjic. Prerequisites for projects in photography: ARTS 120 and permission of the instructor, Bowden. Prerequisites for projects in printmaking: ARTS 227 and permission of the instructor, Beavers.Guided studio work for the art major. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.Staff.
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ARTS 422 - Directed Studio Projects
Credits: 2
Prerequisites for projects in sculpture: ARTS 231 and permission of the instructor, Stene. Prerequisites for projects in painting: ARTS 217 and permission of the instructor, Olson-Janjic. Prerequisites for projects in photography: ARTS 120 and permission of the instructor, Bowden. Prerequisites for projects in printmaking: ARTS 227 and permission of the instructor, Beavers.Guided studio work for the art major. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.Staff.
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ARTS 423 - Directed Studio Projects
Credits: 3
Prerequisites for projects in sculpture: ARTS 231 and permission of the instructor, Stene. Prerequisites for projects in painting: ARTS 217 and permission of the instructor, Olson-Janjic. Prerequisites for projects in photography: ARTS 120 and permission of the instructor, Bowden. Prerequisites for projects in printmaking: ARTS 227 and permission of the instructor, Beavers.Guided studio work for the art major. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.Staff.
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ARTS 453 - Internship in Studio Art
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.Supervised off-campus experience in an artist’s studio approved by the Department of Art and Art History. Requires a follow-up, on-campus project, devised in advance by the instructor and student.Staff.
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ARTS 473 - Senior Thesis
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisite: ARTS 396.A studio art thesis. Creative work and a portfolio with a written statement of objectives must be presented to the department for consideration by September 30.Staff.
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ARTS 493 - Honors Thesis
Credits: 3-3
When Offered: Fall-Winter
Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and senior standing. Corequisite: ARTS 396.A studio art thesis. Application for the honors candidacy must be made by May 1 of the junior year. Creative work and a portfolio with a written statement of the objective must be presented at this time. A 3.300 cumulative grade-point average is required. The culmination is an oral defense of the thesis project.Staff.
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Biology |
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BIOL 101 - Environmental Biology: Endangered Plants of the Appalachians
FDR: SL, GE5a
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
This course uses case studies in plant endangerment as a focal point for understanding ecological and evolutionary processes and the impact of human activities on biodiversity. Through a combination of targeted readings, intensive discussions, and basic research in the field, students gain fundamental insight into their relationship with the living world and the importance of preserving biological diversity. Field activities take place in regional hotspots of plant endemism, and give students experience in applied conservation research. Field sites and subject species vary from year to year.Winder.
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BIOL 104 - Biological Illustration
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructors.This course covers the classic illustration techniques of pen and ink, carbon dust, watercolor, and colored pencil. It then moves into the digital corollaries of those techniques using professional-grade hardware and software. Regular field trips are included to practice scientific observation, field sketching, and photography.Ober and Hurd.
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BIOL 105 - Introduction to Behavioral Ecology
FDR: SL, GE5a
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall 2009 and alternate years
How do animals experience the world? What are animal social systems like? How do animals choose mates, find places to live, decide when to help others? This course for non-majors focuses on both the mechanisms of animal behavior (genes, hormones, sensory systems) and the adaptive value of behavior for survival and reproduction in nature. The laboratory includes field experiments and lab observations that test hypotheses using animals such as salamanders, cows, birds, and humans. Credit does not apply toward the biology major. Laboratory course.Marsh.
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BIOL 111 - Fundamentals of Biology
FDR: SL, GE5a: BIOL 113 is a corequisite for students seeking laboratory science credits.
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall, Winter
Corequisite: BIOL 113.An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication applied to topics that vary among sections and terms. Specific subjects, chosen from within the scope of modern biological investigation according to the expertise of individual instructors, are examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. This course, and its companion laboratory, are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses.
Topics for Winter, 2010:
BIOL 111A: Fundamentals of Biology: Communication from Cells to Organisms. An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. A discussion of the issues of communication of a cell with its external environment beginning with the single-celled organism. We move on to a consideration of cell size and the evolution of multi-cellular organisms. Multi-cellular forms of communication are introduced and their role in maintaining a stable environment for the individual cells of the whole organism is studied. This course, and its companion laboratory, are prerequisites for all higher level biology courses. I’Anson.
BIOL 111B: Fundamentals of Biology: Marine Biology. (This course is not intended to be a survey of marine life.) An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. This course explores specific examples of the unique biology of marine organisms in relation to the selective pressures of their environment, building upon fundamental concepts to delve into advanced topics and research. We focus on a handful of specific examples of recent topics in marine biology, including: Why do swordfish heat their brains? Why are coral reefs dying around the world? How do elephant seals stay underwater for up to two hours on a single breath? As we explore these topics, we progress through different levels of organization, generally starting with cellular biology and physiology and moving up through population and community ecology. Humston.
BIOL 111C: Fundamentals of Biology: Heart Attacks and High Fructose Corn Syrup. An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. We investigate the importance of nutrition in the context of the sweetening of our food supply by understanding the biochemical and physiological basis of atherosclerosis which in many patients, when left untreated, leads to a heart attack. Hamilton.
Topics for Fall, 2009:
BIOL 111A: Fundamentals of Biology: Bacterial Genetics (3). An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. This course is an introduction to the genes and the mechanisms of gene expression by bacterial cells. It focuses on the current issues of bacterial infections in humans. Simurda
BIOL 111B: Disease Ecology (3) An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. This course takes a holistic approach to understanding the effects of disease from the genetic to the ecosystem level. Topics of emphasis include host-parasite interactions, disease evolution, and the effects of environmental change on disease spread, all of which are examined in the context of diseases such as influenza, amphibian chitridiomycosis, and malaria. Marsh
BIOL 111C: Fundamentals of Biology: Rapid Communication in Animals (3). An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. This course examines the structure and function of nerve cells with an emphasis on electrical excitability, synaptic transmission, and sensory transduction. In addition, we study the anatomy of the brain and examine the cellular mechanisms underlying simple behaviors and the pathology of degenerative CNS diseases. Watson
BIOL 111D: Fundamentals of Biology: Heart Attacks and High Fructose Corn Syrup (3). An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. We investigate the importance of nutrition in the context of the sweetening of our food supply by understanding the biochemical and physiological basis of atherosclerosis which in many patients, when left untreated, leads to a heart attack. Hamilton
BIOL 111E: Fundamentals of Biology: Human Physiology (3). An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication, examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. Homeostasis, the maintenance of the steady state, is a unifying principle which underlies biological functioning at every level, from cell to system. In this course, students explore the centrality of homeostasis in four body systems: nervous, muscular, cardiovascular, and endocrine. The case-study approach and discussion-based learning are utilized and emphasis is placed upon the development of written and oral communication skills. Wielgus
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BIOL 113 - Biology Laboratory
FDR: SL, GE5a: see note above in BIOL 111.
Credits: 1
When Offered: Fall, Winter
Corequisite: BIOL 111.A laboratory course to accompany BIOL 111. Students are trained in basic techniques of biological research by demonstrations and investigatory exercises, including data analysis and scientific communication.Kricorian.
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BIOL 120 - Atmospheric Science from the Ground Up
(CHEM 120)FDR: SL, GE5a
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring 2010 and alternate years
One of the most complex and important physical systems that scientists must understand is the climate. Predictions regarding climate change and the impact of human activity on that change are made based on our understanding of the complex interactions that drive atmospheric composition and the interaction of the atmosphere with the biosphere and the geosphere. Society asks critical questions-both global and local in reach- regarding the impact of climate change and the drivers behind that change. Answers to these questions may have significant impact on the world economy and choices we make locally, statewide, and nationally. Washington and Lee is located three miles from I-81, a major trucking route for interstate commerce. The atmospheric pollutants generated by the traffic on Interstate 81 have an impact on the atmosphere, watersheds (including Chesapeake Bay), plants, and soils. In this course, field and laboratory exercises include the analysis of atmospheric inputs from I-81 and their impacts on soil and plant concentrations of contaminants. Lectures provide background so that informed hypotheses may be made relating to the influences of highways on local and regional atmospheres and environmental contamination are tested. Credit does not apply toward the biology major. Laboratory course.Hamilton, Tuchler.
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BIOL 200 - Research Preparation in the Biosciences
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
Prerequisite: BIOL 111 and 113 or permission of the instructor.This course is composed of seminar and workshop modules on such topics as: critical reading of research papers; use of relevant primary literature in experimental design; integrative approaches to research questions; use of quantitative methods and modeling; data acquisition, record-keeping, and analysis; research ethics; introduction to specific lab techniques used in research; scientific writing and data presentation. In addition, students develop and present a research plan for their research project that is discussed and critiqued by the whole group. Laboratory course.I’Anson
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BIOL 210 - Human Parasitology
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113.A survey of the phenomenon of animal parasitism, including discussion of the chief distinguishing structures, life cycles, and functions of major pathogenic parasites infecting humans and other animals.Simurda.
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BIOL 211S - Cell Structure and Function at St. Andrews
Credits: 6
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: An average grade of at least 3.0 in BIOL 111 and 113, a 3.000 cumulative GPA, and permission of the Department of Biology.An examination of the relationship between cell function (physiology) and microscopic structure (histology). This course concentrates on the cellular physiology and histology of humans, since all of our understanding of medical science is based on knowledge of the normal and abnormal structure and function of cells. No more than four credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland with final grade assigned by W&L biology faculty. Laboratory course.Staff.
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BIOL 215 - Biochemistry of the Cell
Credits: 4
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113 and CHEM 241 or 241S. Not open to students with credit for CHEM 341 (Biochemistry).A study of the molecular basis of cell structure and function. Topics include biomolecular structure and chemistry, enzyme kinetics and inhibition, bioenergetics, intermediary metabolism and its regulation, membrane structure and transport, membrane receptors and signal transduction, and the endomembrane system. The laboratory stresses techniques for use in current biochemical research. Laboratory course.Wielgus.
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BIOL 215S - Biochemistry at St. Andrews
Credits: 6
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisites: CHEM 241 or 241S, an average grade of at least 3.0 in BIOL 111 and 113, a 3.000 cumulative GPA, and permission of the Department of Biology. This course may not be taken for credit by students who have completed CHEM 341.This course gives a solid background in mainstream biochemistry to students from a variety of backgrounds. The laboratory focuses on a variety of basic techniques and on experimental design. No more than four credits may be counted toward the majors in biology or neuroscience. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland with final grade assigned by W&L biology faculty. Laboratory course.Staff.
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BIOL 216 - Tropical Ecology
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113, permission of the instructor, and approval of the International Education Committee.Course participants visit sites of biological interest in the neotropics. The specific sites vary from year to year, but may include rain forest, high altitude forest, and/or the Galapagos Islands. Students gain firsthand experience with plant and animal communities that have distinctive scientific and historical importance, while learning about ecological and evolutionary processes responsible for patterns of biological diversity in the tropics. No more than five credits may count toward the major in biology. Laboratory course.Staff.
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BIOL 217 - Aquatic Ecology
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall 2009 and alternate years
Prerequisite: BIOL 111 and 113; MATH 101 or higher; or permission of the instructor. This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the ecology of freshwater systems, with laboratory emphasis on streams and rivers in the local area. It includes a review of the physical and biological properties of freshwater ecosystems as well as current issues relating to their conservation. Laboratory activities focus around monitoring the impacts of current stream restoration efforts in local watersheds.Humston.
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BIOL 220 - Genetics
FDR: SL: BIOL 221 is a corequisite for students seeking laboratory science credits
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113.A study of the three main branches of modern genetics: 1) Mendelian genetics, the study of the transmission of traits from one generation to the next; 2) molecular genetics, a study of the chemical structure of genes and how they operate at the molecular level; and 3) population genetics, the study of the variation of genes between and within populations. This course is a prerequisite to most 300-level courses in biology.Cabe.
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BIOL 221 - Genetics Laboratory
FDR: SL: see note above in BIOL 220
Credits: 1
When Offered: Winter
Corequisite: BIOL 220.Techniques in modern molecular genetics.Cabe.
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BIOL 222 - Animal Development
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall 2009 and alternate years
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113.This course investigates cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate invertebrate and vertebrate development. Topics include fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, axis specification, patterning, organogenesis, morphogens, and stem cells. Students examine research strategies used to understand the basic principles underlying development, such as gene function, cell signaling, and signal transduction during embryogenesis. Laboratory sessions focus on experimental manipulations of early invertebrate and vertebrate embryos and emphasize student-designed research projects. Laboratory course.Watson.
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BIOL 225 - Medicinal Plant Biology
Credits: 4
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113 or permission of the instructor.From Taxol to Vitamin C plants provide important medicinal products for humans. This course is an introduction to the study of plant form and function from the perspective of the utilization of plants by humans for medicinal purposes. Lectures cover plant cell biology, biochemistry, physiology, genetics, and interactions with the environment. The laboratory includes modern plant biology techniques ranging from molecular to organismal. Laboratory course.Hamilton.
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BIOL 230 - Field Biogeography and Species Conservation
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113 or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: English 294.This course emphasizes the patterns of diversity encountered during visits to different regional plant communities where we use professional floristic works to identify vascular plants. In addition, evolutionary and ecological explanations for patterns of distribution and extinction, and the lessons these teach for conservation, are explored. (SL, GE5a) Laboratory course.Staff.
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BIOL 231 - Field Entomology
FDR: SC, GE5c
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring 2011
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113 and permission of the instructor. Departmental permission is also required as enrollment is limited.A study of the diversity, classification and ecology of insects. This course consists primarily of fieldwork in Virginia (first four weeks) and Central America (last two weeks). Students become familiar with the major insect groups, make a synoptic collection, and compare diversity between temperate Virginia and tropical Central America. No other course may be taken concurrently. No more than five credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Laboratory course.Hurd.
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BIOL 235 - Plant Diversity
FDR: SC, GE5a
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113.An examination of the major groups of algae, fungi, bryophytes, and vascular plants of the world. In the laboratory, students will collect and study representatives of these groups from our local environment. Laboratory course.Staff.
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BIOL 240 - Zoology
FDR: SC, GE5c
Credits: 4
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113.Form and function of animals with emphasis on evolution and ecology of major invertebrate and vertebrate groups. Laboratory course.Hurd.
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BIOL 240S - Animal Diversity at St. Andrews
FDR: SC, GE5c
Credits: 6
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: An average grade of at least 3.0 in BIOL 111 and 113, a 3.000 cumulative GPA, and permission of the Department of Biology.A study of zoology with emphasis on the evolution of diversity through adaptive radiation and strategies for existence among the major animal groups, from simplest to most complex forms. No more than four credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland with final grade assigned by W&L biology faculty. Laboratory course.Staff.
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BIOL 241 - Field Ornithology
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring 2010
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 or permission of instructor.This course integrates studies of bird biology with field observation and identification of local bird species. Topics covered include anatomy, taxonomy, reproduction, vocalization, migration, ecology, and evolution. Field trips to a variety of areas throughout Virginia emphasize identification skills and basic field research techniques. No other course may be taken concurrently. Laboratory course.Cabe.
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BIOL 242 - Field Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor and either BIOL 111 or ENV 110. Field Herpetology is a research-based course on the ecology and behavior of amphibians and reptiles. Research projects vary from year-to-year and are designed to give students plenty of time on the field and exposure to a diverse assortment of amphibian and reptile species. Students should be prepared for hiking off-trail, wading in swamps, and catching live animals.Marsh.
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BIOL 243 - Animal Behavior
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113.An introduction to the scientific study of animal behavior, including exploration of the evolutionary basis of behavior and examination of how animals choose mates, defend territories, find food, and avoid predators. Field and laboratory exercises focus on testing hypotheses through experiments with a variety of animals, including fish, amphibians, birds, and humans. Laboratory course.Marsh.
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BIOL 245 - Ecology
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113.An introduction to the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. Topics are arranged hierarchically: a) evolution and elementary population genetics; b) population dynamics and regulation; c) interspecific competition, predation, parasitism and symbiosis; d) community structure, energy and material flux in ecosystems. Laboratory is field oriented and investigative. Laboratory course.Hurd.
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BIOL 246 - Biological Diversity: Patterns and Processes
FDR: SC, GE5c
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113 or permission of the instructors.How are plants and animals distributed on Earth, and how do important biogeographical patterns reflect ecological and evolutionary processes? The answers to these questions are crucial to conservation efforts and to predicting changes in “biodiversity” during a time of unprecedented, rapid global environmental change.Hurd, Staff.
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BIOL 250 - Vertebrate Endocrinology
Credits: 3
When Offered: Not offered in 2009-2010
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113.A study of the chemoregulatory mechanisms of the vertebrates; emphasis is on biochemical and cellular, as well as physiological aspects of hormone action.Wielgus.
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BIOL 255 - Reproductive Physiology
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113.An examination of sex as a biological phenomenon with consideration of the genetic (chromosomal), embryological, endocrine, and neurological bases of sexual development, differentiation, and identity.I’Anson.
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BIOL 260 - Anatomy and Physiology
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113.An introduction to the structure, function, and homeostasis of the major organ systems of humans. Laboratory exercises include basic histology, dissection of the cat with comparisons to human anatomy, and physiology of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and urinary systems. Laboratory course.Wielgus.
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BIOL 260S - Human Systems Physiology at St. Andrews
Credits: 6
When Offered: Winter 2011
Prerequisites: An average grade of at least 3.0 in BIOL 111 and 113, a 3.000 cumulative grade-point average, and permission of the Department of Biology.An introduction to the control and regulation of important physiological processes in humans. Emphasis is placed on how the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems are interrelated and how this integration of function is required for human survival. Changes associated with disease are discussed in the context of control systems that no longer operate as intended. No more than four credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland with final grade assigned by W&L biology faculty. Laboratory course.Staff.
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BIOL 265 - Integrative Science: Cardiovascular Disease
(ENGN 265)
Credits: 4
When Offered: Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.
Prerequisite: BIOL 111 or PHYS 112.This course integrates biology, physics, engineering and mathematical modeling through the study of the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular disease. A variety of cardiovascular disease states are used to reinforce basic mechanical and electrical principles of cardiovascular physiology. Treatments using these physiological and/or engineering principles are also considered, such as cardiovascular drugs and drug delivery systems, heart and blood vessel transplantation, defibrillators and heart monitors, etc. Laboratories provide an opportunity to investigate fluid dynamics, cardiovascular monitoring using physiological transducers, computer heart/vessel modeling software, diagnostic imaging (ultrasound/MRI), etc. Speakers and site visits highlight cardiovascular medicine (clinical and/or veterinary), epidemiology, FDA medical device approval and testing, vascular stent design, etc., to provide a wider relevance to our discussions. Laboratory course.I’Anson.
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BIOL 270S - Comparative Biology at St. Andrews
Credits: 6
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisites: An average grade of at least 3.0 in BIOL 111 and 113, a 3.000 cumulative GPA, and permission of the Department of Biology.An examination of the comparative biology of animals and plants, focusing on the problems encountered by organisms in different habitats and with different lifestyles, and of the different structural, physiological and ecological solutions they have evolved. An analysis of fundamental design differences between plants and animals, between organisms of different sizes and biophysical effects of scaling, and between the stresses of aquatic and terrestrial lifestyles. Integration of ecology, physiology and behavior is a major theme. No more than four credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland with final grade assigned by W&L biology faculty. Laboratory course.Staff.
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BIOL 280 - Neural Imaging
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
Prerequisite: BIOL 113, 220 or permission of the instructor.This course examines how the architecture of specific types of neurons affect the neuron’s ability to receive, process, and transmit synaptic information. In particular, we examine how some of the important dendrite differentiation cues can transmit arborization signals to the developing neurons. Topics also include neurogenesis, axonal pathfinding, and synaptogenesis. Students conduct original research in the laboratory and acquire skills with various imaging techniques and analytical tools. Laboratory course.Watson.
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BIOL 295 - Topics in Biology
Credits: 1
When Offered: Fall, Winter, Spring
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113, junior standing or departmental permission.Seminar topics vary with instructor and term. Sample topics include: genetics, molecular genetics, virology, evolutionary biology, history of medicine, biology of aging, ecology, cancer, reproductive strategies, neuroendocrinology, microbiology and immunology. These are in-depth studies of restricted topics within the broad areas indicated by the titles, involving critical review of literature, discussion and oral and/or written presentation. One such seminar is required of each major pursuing a Bachelor of Science degree, and no more than two may be counted toward the 30 credits in biology required for the major. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.
Topics for Winter, 2010:
BIOL 295A: Topics in Biology: The Cancer Problem. An exploration of the nature of neoplastic disease and its epidemiological, biological and psychological correlates. Student presentations of selected cancer literature, discussion based learning and a term paper on a topic important to the student. Wielgus
BIOL 295B: Topics in Biology: Stream Restoration Ecology. Prerequisites: Biology 111 and 113 and either junior standing or departmental permission. In recent decades, an increasing emphasis has been placed on restoring aquatic ecosystems to mitigate anthropogenic impacts. This course examines the ecological fundamentals underlying restoration of streams and rivers. We consider how physical characteristics of streams influence the biotic community and the overall health of these ecosystems. In particular, we look at how land-use changes in the watershed can affect in-stream dynamics of these systems. A local stream restoration project allows for placing these ideas in context and examining the functional ecology underlying contemporary restoration practice. Humston Humston
BIOL 295C: Topics in Biology: Human History through the Lens of Genetics. Prerequisites: Biology 111 and 113 and either junior standing or departmental permission. Using readings from the primary literature, we investigate questions of human history from the wealth of genetic data now available. Where and when did modern humans originate? Did Neandertals contribute to the human gene pool? Where did Native Americans, Gypsies, and other ethnic groups come from? How did agriculture affect the human genome? Why are some diseases not distributed equally across racial/ethnic lines? Cabe
BIOL 295D: Topics in Biology: Yellowstone Ecology. Prerequisites: Biology 111 and 113. Permission required. Required for students taking BIOL 332 in spring term. This course examines the interactions of microbes, plants and animals in the world’s oldest national park. Through weekly readings, discussions, presentations and written works we will cover topics including soil microbes, grazing, fire, predators, and ecosystem function. Hamilton
Topics for Fall, 2009:
BIOL 295A: The Mystery of Autism (1). Autism is a serious neurological disorder affecting perhaps one in 200 children born today. Yet, autism remains largely a mystery to medical science. For instance, scientists debate whether autism is really a single condition or rather a collection of many conditions with some similar endpoints. Others debate whether the dramatic increase in autism rates is real or whether it simply represents changes in diagnosis. At a causal level, speculation for why autism rates might be increasing is all over the map. We explore the mystery of autism by reading and discussing the primary research literature on these and other controversial topics. Marsh
BIOL 295B: Medicinal Botany (1). From Taxol to Vitamin C plants provide important medicinal products for physicians as well as shamans. This course discusses the utilization of plants by humans for medicinal purposes. Hamilton
Staff.
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BIOL 296 - Topics in Integrative Science:
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
Prerequisite: BIOL 111 or PHYS 112 or permission of the instructor. Topics vary with instructor and term. Topic for Spring, 2010: Excitable Cells and Drug Discovery: This course integrates biology, physics and math concepts as it examines the structure and function of ion channels in excitable nerve and muscle cells, their role in the pathogenesis of ion-channel diseases (disease caused by ion-channel dysfunction), and the use of ion channels as drug targets. In particular, we examine the kinetics of sodium, potassium, and calcium channels, patch-clamp recording technique and analysis, mathematical modeling of neuronal and cardiac action potentials, ion-channel diseases of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, and drug treatments for ion-channel diseases. Students learn quantitative aspects of biology through mathematical analysis of ion-channel kinetics and action-potential modeling. Laboratory course.Blandino.
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BIOL 301 - Statistics for Biology and Medicine
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113.This course examines the principles of statistics and experimental design for biological and medical research. The focus is on the practical and conceptual aspects of statistics, rather than mathematical derivations. Students completing this class will be able to read and understand research papers, to design realistic experiments, and to carry out their own statistical analyses using computer packages.Marsh.
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BIOL 310 - Microbiology
Credits: 4
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisite: BIOL 215 or 220 or CHEM 341.A broadly based course in the study of microorganisms, specifically: prokaryotic cells, microbial diversity, and the effects of microbes in the world, in society and in the bodies of animals and plants. It concerns the central role of microbiology as a basic biological science that enhances our understanding of the biology of higher organisms. Laboratory course.Simurda.
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BIOL 320 - Modern Genetic Analysis
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall 2010 and alternate years
Prerequisite: BIOL 220.An examination of DNA sequence-based information and its uses in molecular biology, medicine, and evolutionary studies. Includes technologies and approaches of sequencing, genome sequencing projects, analysis of sequence data, location of and identification of genes linked to disease, and using data to establish evolutionary histories of genes and species.Cabe.
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BIOL 321 - Advanced Genetics Laboratory
Credits: 3
When Offered: Spring
Prerequisites: BIOL 221 and permission of the instructor.A research-based practicum on the acquisition and analysis of DNA sequence data. Students pursue lab-based independent projects to gain proficiency in DNA sequencing, and practice analyzing and comparing the DNA sequence data obtained. Laboratory course.Cabe.
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BIOL 322 - Conservation Genetics
Credits: 3
When Offered: Fall 2009 and alternate years
Prerequisite: BIOL 220 or permission of the instructor.A study of the central issues of population genetics and their application to species preservation and conservation. Topics include genetic surveys of rare or threatened species; population structure and dispersal; inferring population histories from genetic data; phylogenetics of threatened species’ groups; hybridization between species; the use of genetic data in captive breeding programs and the prosecution of endangered species legislation; and the use of biotechnologies, such as cloning.Cabe.
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BIOL 323 - Research Questions in Genomes
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring 2010
Prerequisite: BIOL 220 or permission of instructor. Genomics is a rapidly growing field that integrates and expands on diverse subjects such as evolution, molecular biology, and computer science. Genomics has increased our understanding of human health and evolution and had a direct impact on the advancement of medicine. This course provides students the opportunity to actively engage in genomics research projects, thus increasing their understanding of the research process and the significance of genomics tools. Students generate original sequence data and annotate genes and other features, leading to an independent analysis of a comparative genomics question, and contributing to research publications. Laboratory course.Ayoub.
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BIOL 325 - Ecological Modeling and Conservation Strategies
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
Prerequisites: MATH 101 or higher and BIOL 111 and 113, or permission of the instructor.This course is an intensive introduction to foundational methods in ecological modeling and their application, with emphasis on the dynamics of exploited or threatened populations and developing strategies for effective conservation. Topics include managing harvested populations, population viability analysis, individual based models, and simulation modeling for systems analyses. Laboratory course.Humston.
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BIOL 330 - Experimental Botany: Global Climate Change
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisite: BIOL 220 or permission of the instructor.Lectures focus on the major impacts of global climate change (elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and elevated temperatures) on plant function (photosynthesis and respiration) and plant communities. Additional topics include global carbon budgets, plant carbon sequestration, and agricultural impacts. Participants review the pertinent primary literature and conduct a term-long laboratory research project. Laboratory course.Hamilton.
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BIOL 332 - Plant Functional Ecology
Credits: 4
When Offered: Spring, 2010
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113 and 295, a review of pertinent literature in the previous winter term.The emphasis and location of the study area differs from year to year. Information regarding the specific course topic and field trip schedule is made available in the fall. Through novel research projects in a variety of field settings (e.g., on-campus, Appalachian and Blue Ridge Mountains, The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem), this field-based laboratory course covers topics which investigate the vital roles that plants play in shaping Earth’s ecosystems. Topics focus on the responses of native plants to environmental stresses, such as global climate change (elevated temperature and carbon dioxide and drought), herbivory, and invasive species. Field and laboratory exercises focus on testing hypotheses through experiments using a variety of species from intact plant communities. A review of the pertinent literature is used to develop and conduct a term research project. Laboratory course.Hamilton.
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BIOL 340 - Evolution
Credits: 3
When Offered: Winter
Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 113 or permission of the instructor.An examination of the evidence for evolution and the mechanisms by which evolution occurs.Staff.
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BIOL 340S - Evolutionary Biology at St. Andrews
Credits: 6
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: An average grade of at least 3.0 in BIOL 111 and 113, a 3.000 cumulative GPA, and permission of the Department of Biology.An introduction to the theory and processes of evolution, emphasizing the scientific approach to the study of evolutionary phenomena. Topics include the significance of character variation within and between species, basic evolutionary genetics, speciation, evolution in predator-prey systems, evolution of sex, behavioral systems, and human evolution. No more than four credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland with final grade assigned by W&L biology faculty. Laboratory course.Staff.
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BIOL 350 - Immunology
Credits: 4
When Offered: Fall
Prerequisites: Senior standing and one course chosen from BIOL 215S, 220, or CHEM 341.A study of the structural and functional aspects of the immune system from the perspective of cellular and developmental biology; the biochemical and structural properties of antibodies and the possible origins of their diversity; and immunopathology.Simurda.
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